diff --git a/arch/alpha/math-emu/math.c b/arch/alpha/math-emu/math.c
index 1c2d456..d568cd9a 100644
--- a/arch/alpha/math-emu/math.c
+++ b/arch/alpha/math-emu/math.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/esi.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/esi.c
index b091111..cb51412 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/esi.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/esi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Extensible SAL Interface (ESI) support routines.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv.c
index 45f956a..cd7972e 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * File:	mca_drv.c
  * Purpose:	Generic MCA handling layer
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/palinfo.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/palinfo.c
index f4a9424..78fa657 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/palinfo.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/palinfo.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * palinfo.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_default_smpl.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_default_smpl.c
index 30c644e..a40c560 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_default_smpl.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_default_smpl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2002-2003 Hewlett-Packard Co
  *               Stephane Eranian <eranian@hpl.hp.com>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/salinfo.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/salinfo.c
index aba1f46..b392c0a 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/salinfo.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/salinfo.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * salinfo.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/mips/cavium-octeon/oct_ilm.c b/arch/mips/cavium-octeon/oct_ilm.c
index 13f6c77..99e2715 100644
--- a/arch/mips/cavium-octeon/oct_ilm.c
+++ b/arch/mips/cavium-octeon/oct_ilm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 #include <asm/octeon/octeon.h>
diff --git a/arch/mips/lasat/picvue.c b/arch/mips/lasat/picvue.c
index d613b97..08298cc 100644
--- a/arch/mips/lasat/picvue.c
+++ b/arch/mips/lasat/picvue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Picvue PVC160206 display driver
  *
diff --git a/arch/mips/lasat/picvue_proc.c b/arch/mips/lasat/picvue_proc.c
index 5d89e1e..8126f15b 100644
--- a/arch/mips/lasat/picvue_proc.c
+++ b/arch/mips/lasat/picvue_proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Picvue PVC160206 display driver
  *
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/crypto/crc32c-vpmsum_glue.c b/arch/powerpc/crypto/crc32c-vpmsum_glue.c
index c4fa242..2c23289 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/crypto/crc32c-vpmsum_glue.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/crypto/crc32c-vpmsum_glue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/crc32.h>
 #include <crypto/internal/hash.h>
 #include <crypto/internal/simd.h>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/crypto/aes_glue.c b/arch/sparc/crypto/aes_glue.c
index a9b8b0b..57b4741 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/crypto/aes_glue.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/crypto/aes_glue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Glue code for AES encryption optimized for sparc64 crypto opcodes.
  *
  * This is based largely upon arch/x86/crypto/aesni-intel_glue.c
diff --git a/arch/sparc/crypto/camellia_glue.c b/arch/sparc/crypto/camellia_glue.c
index 900d5c6..3823f94 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/crypto/camellia_glue.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/crypto/camellia_glue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Glue code for CAMELLIA encryption optimized for sparc64 crypto opcodes.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/crypto/crc32c_glue.c b/arch/sparc/crypto/crc32c_glue.c
index 8aa6646..1299073 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/crypto/crc32c_glue.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/crypto/crc32c_glue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Glue code for CRC32C optimized for sparc64 crypto opcodes.
  *
  * This is based largely upon arch/x86/crypto/crc32c-intel.c
diff --git a/arch/sparc/crypto/des_glue.c b/arch/sparc/crypto/des_glue.c
index 453a4cf..281448f 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/crypto/des_glue.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/crypto/des_glue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Glue code for DES encryption optimized for sparc64 crypto opcodes.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2012 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/crypto/md5_glue.c b/arch/sparc/crypto/md5_glue.c
index bc9cc26..14f6c15 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/crypto/md5_glue.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/crypto/md5_glue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Glue code for MD5 hashing optimized for sparc64 crypto opcodes.
  *
  * This is based largely upon arch/x86/crypto/sha1_ssse3_glue.c
diff --git a/arch/sparc/crypto/sha1_glue.c b/arch/sparc/crypto/sha1_glue.c
index 4d6d7fa..7c16663 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/crypto/sha1_glue.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/crypto/sha1_glue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Glue code for SHA1 hashing optimized for sparc64 crypto opcodes.
  *
  * This is based largely upon arch/x86/crypto/sha1_ssse3_glue.c
diff --git a/arch/sparc/crypto/sha256_glue.c b/arch/sparc/crypto/sha256_glue.c
index 54c4de2..f403ce9 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/crypto/sha256_glue.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/crypto/sha256_glue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Glue code for SHA256 hashing optimized for sparc64 crypto opcodes.
  *
  * This is based largely upon crypto/sha256_generic.c
diff --git a/arch/sparc/crypto/sha512_glue.c b/arch/sparc/crypto/sha512_glue.c
index 4c55e97..a3b532e 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/crypto/sha512_glue.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/crypto/sha512_glue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Glue code for SHA512 hashing optimized for sparc64 crypto opcodes.
  *
  * This is based largely upon crypto/sha512_generic.c
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/chmc.c b/arch/sparc/kernel/chmc.c
index 61fe1b9..6ff43df 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/chmc.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/chmc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* chmc.c: Driver for UltraSPARC-III memory controller.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2001, 2007, 2008 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/ds.c b/arch/sparc/kernel/ds.c
index cad08cc..bbf59b3b 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/ds.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/ds.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* ds.c: Domain Services driver for Logical Domains
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/led.c b/arch/sparc/kernel/led.c
index 519f5ba..a6292f8 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/led.c
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/led.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/arch/um/drivers/mmapper_kern.c b/arch/um/drivers/mmapper_kern.c
index 3645fcb..0bf78ff 100644
--- a/arch/um/drivers/mmapper_kern.c
+++ b/arch/um/drivers/mmapper_kern.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * arch/um/drivers/mmapper_kern.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/crypto/aes_glue.c b/arch/x86/crypto/aes_glue.c
index e26984f..9e9d819 100644
--- a/arch/x86/crypto/aes_glue.c
+++ b/arch/x86/crypto/aes_glue.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Glue Code for the asm optimized version of the AES Cipher Algorithm
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/events/intel/rapl.c b/arch/x86/events/intel/rapl.c
index 37ebf6fc..26c03f5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/events/intel/rapl.c
+++ b/arch/x86/events/intel/rapl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Support Intel RAPL energy consumption counters
  * Copyright (C) 2013 Google, Inc., Stephane Eranian
diff --git a/arch/x86/events/intel/uncore.c b/arch/x86/events/intel/uncore.c
index fc40a14..9e3fbd4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/events/intel/uncore.c
+++ b/arch/x86/events/intel/uncore.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 
 #include <asm/cpu_device_id.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/ia32/ia32_aout.c b/arch/x86/ia32/ia32_aout.c
index 3c13508..9bb71ab 100644
--- a/arch/x86/ia32/ia32_aout.c
+++ b/arch/x86/ia32/ia32_aout.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  a.out loader for x86-64
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/debug_pagetables.c b/arch/x86/mm/debug_pagetables.c
index cd84f06..c6f4982 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/debug_pagetables.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/debug_pagetables.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 #include <linux/efi.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/testmmiotrace.c b/arch/x86/mm/testmmiotrace.c
index f6ae683..0881e1f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/testmmiotrace.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/testmmiotrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Written by Pekka Paalanen, 2008-2009 <pq@iki.fi>
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/platform/scx200/scx200_32.c b/arch/x86/platform/scx200/scx200_32.c
index 3dc9aee..80662b72 100644
--- a/arch/x86/platform/scx200/scx200_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/platform/scx200/scx200_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (c) 2001,2002 Christer Weinigel <wingel@nano-system.com>
  *
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/custom_method.c b/drivers/acpi/custom_method.c
index aa972dc..b2ef4c2 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/custom_method.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/custom_method.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * custom_method.c - debugfs interface for customizing ACPI control method
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_acpi.c b/drivers/ata/pata_acpi.c
index b70fce2..fa2bfc3 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_acpi.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_acpi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	ACPI PATA driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_amd.c b/drivers/ata/pata_amd.c
index 8706533..987967f 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_amd.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_amd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_amd.c 	- AMD PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2005-2006 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_artop.c b/drivers/ata/pata_artop.c
index 6b33553..3aa006c 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_artop.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_artop.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *    pata_artop.c - ARTOP ATA controller driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_atiixp.c b/drivers/ata/pata_atiixp.c
index 843bb20..c68aa3f 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_atiixp.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_atiixp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_atiixp.c 	- ATI PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2005 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_cmd640.c b/drivers/ata/pata_cmd640.c
index e3532ed..d0bcabb 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_cmd640.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_cmd640.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_cmd640.c 	- CMD640 PCI PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2007 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_cmd64x.c b/drivers/ata/pata_cmd64x.c
index 13ca588..3134eae 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_cmd64x.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_cmd64x.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_cmd64x.c 	- CMD64x PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2005 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_cypress.c b/drivers/ata/pata_cypress.c
index 7930184..e1486fe 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_cypress.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_cypress.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_cypress.c 	- Cypress PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2006 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_efar.c b/drivers/ata/pata_efar.c
index 4a57a6f..21da59f 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_efar.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_efar.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *    pata_efar.c - EFAR PIIX clone controller driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_ep93xx.c b/drivers/ata/pata_ep93xx.c
index db271b70..badab67 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_ep93xx.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_ep93xx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * EP93XX PATA controller driver.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_ftide010.c b/drivers/ata/pata_ftide010.c
index 569a4a6..34cb104 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_ftide010.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_ftide010.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Faraday Technology FTIDE010 driver
  * Copyright (C) 2017 Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_hpt366.c b/drivers/ata/pata_hpt366.c
index a219a50..2574d6f 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_hpt366.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_hpt366.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Libata driver for the highpoint 366 and 368 UDMA66 ATA controllers.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_hpt37x.c b/drivers/ata/pata_hpt37x.c
index ef8aaeb..fad6c6a 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_hpt37x.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_hpt37x.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Libata driver for the highpoint 37x and 30x UDMA66 ATA controllers.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_hpt3x2n.c b/drivers/ata/pata_hpt3x2n.c
index b93c0f0..9cb2d50 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_hpt3x2n.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_hpt3x2n.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Libata driver for the HighPoint 371N, 372N, and 302N UDMA66 ATA controllers.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_icside.c b/drivers/ata/pata_icside.c
index c272f2c..08543ae 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_icside.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_icside.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_isapnp.c b/drivers/ata/pata_isapnp.c
index 994f168..43bb224 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_isapnp.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_isapnp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 /*
  *   pata-isapnp.c - ISA PnP PATA controller driver.
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_it8213.c b/drivers/ata/pata_it8213.c
index 4f97d1e..8a3e877 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_it8213.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_it8213.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *    pata_it8213.c - iTE Tech. Inc.  IT8213 PATA driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_jmicron.c b/drivers/ata/pata_jmicron.c
index 4d1a5d2..c3dedd3 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_jmicron.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_jmicron.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *    pata_jmicron.c - JMicron ATA driver for non AHCI mode. This drives the
  *			PATA port of the controller. The SATA ports are
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_macio.c b/drivers/ata/pata_macio.c
index 456ae71..57f2ec7 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_macio.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_macio.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Libata based driver for Apple "macio" family of PATA controllers
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_marvell.c b/drivers/ata/pata_marvell.c
index ff468a6f..b066809 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_marvell.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_marvell.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	Marvell PATA driver.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_mpiix.c b/drivers/ata/pata_mpiix.c
index 202b4d6..8fda0e3 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_mpiix.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_mpiix.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_mpiix.c 	- Intel MPIIX PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2005-2006 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_netcell.c b/drivers/ata/pata_netcell.c
index 0ea1833..a7ecc1a 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_netcell.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_netcell.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *    pata_netcell.c - Netcell PATA driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_ninja32.c b/drivers/ata/pata_ninja32.c
index 44f97ad..607db1f 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_ninja32.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_ninja32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_ninja32.c 	- Ninja32 PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2007 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_ns87415.c b/drivers/ata/pata_ns87415.c
index 84c6b22..4b2ba81 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_ns87415.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_ns87415.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *    pata_ns87415.c - NS87415 (non PARISC) PATA
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_oldpiix.c b/drivers/ata/pata_oldpiix.c
index b9bf78b..22a0203 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_oldpiix.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_oldpiix.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *    pata_oldpiix.c - Intel PATA/SATA controllers
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_opti.c b/drivers/ata/pata_opti.c
index 3a944a0..06a800a 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_opti.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_opti.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_opti.c 	- ATI PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2005 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_optidma.c b/drivers/ata/pata_optidma.c
index bdec7ef..fbcf0af3 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_optidma.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_optidma.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_optidma.c 	- Opti DMA PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2006 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_pdc202xx_old.c b/drivers/ata/pata_pdc202xx_old.c
index 9001991d..378ed9e 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_pdc202xx_old.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_pdc202xx_old.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_pdc202xx_old.c 	- Promise PDC202xx PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2005 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_radisys.c b/drivers/ata/pata_radisys.c
index a3f1123d..8fde4a8 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_radisys.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_radisys.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *    pata_radisys.c - Intel PATA/SATA controllers
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_rz1000.c b/drivers/ata/pata_rz1000.c
index b3ec18c..3722a67 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_rz1000.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_rz1000.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  RZ1000/1001 driver based upon
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_serverworks.c b/drivers/ata/pata_serverworks.c
index 57de021..916bf02 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_serverworks.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_serverworks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_serverworks.c 	- Serverworks PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2005 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_sis.c b/drivers/ata/pata_sis.c
index 626f989..d7cd39a 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_sis.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_sis.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *    pata_sis.c - SiS ATA driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_sl82c105.c b/drivers/ata/pata_sl82c105.c
index 4935f61f..ac7ddd8 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_sl82c105.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_sl82c105.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_sl82c105.c 	- SL82C105 PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2005 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/pata_via.c b/drivers/ata/pata_via.c
index fd19f1c..38044e6 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/pata_via.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/pata_via.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * pata_via.c 	- VIA PATA for new ATA layer
  *			  (C) 2005-2006 Red Hat Inc
diff --git a/drivers/ata/sata_gemini.c b/drivers/ata/sata_gemini.c
index 46950e0..f793564 100644
--- a/drivers/ata/sata_gemini.c
+++ b/drivers/ata/sata_gemini.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Cortina Systems Gemini SATA bridge add-on to Faraday FTIDE010
  * Copyright (C) 2017 Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
diff --git a/drivers/atm/adummy.c b/drivers/atm/adummy.c
index 8d98130..8157925 100644
--- a/drivers/atm/adummy.c
+++ b/drivers/atm/adummy.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * adummy.c: a dummy ATM driver
  */
diff --git a/drivers/atm/atmtcp.c b/drivers/atm/atmtcp.c
index afebeb1c..d9fd702 100644
--- a/drivers/atm/atmtcp.c
+++ b/drivers/atm/atmtcp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* drivers/atm/atmtcp.c - ATM over TCP "device" driver */
 
 /* Written 1997-2000 by Werner Almesberger, EPFL LRC/ICA */
diff --git a/drivers/atm/eni.c b/drivers/atm/eni.c
index f8c7034..79b7184 100644
--- a/drivers/atm/eni.c
+++ b/drivers/atm/eni.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* drivers/atm/eni.c - Efficient Networks ENI155P device driver */
  
 /* Written 1995-2000 by Werner Almesberger, EPFL LRC/ICA */
diff --git a/drivers/atm/idt77105.c b/drivers/atm/idt77105.c
index 0a67487c..6387185 100644
--- a/drivers/atm/idt77105.c
+++ b/drivers/atm/idt77105.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* drivers/atm/idt77105.c - IDT77105 (PHY) driver */
  
 /* Written 1999 by Greg Banks, NEC Australia <gnb@linuxfan.com>. Based on suni.c */
diff --git a/drivers/atm/nicstar.c b/drivers/atm/nicstar.c
index ae4aa02..8db8c0f 100644
--- a/drivers/atm/nicstar.c
+++ b/drivers/atm/nicstar.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * nicstar.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/atm/suni.c b/drivers/atm/suni.c
index 4b04471..c920a8c 100644
--- a/drivers/atm/suni.c
+++ b/drivers/atm/suni.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * drivers/atm/suni.c - S/UNI PHY driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/atm/uPD98402.c b/drivers/atm/uPD98402.c
index 4fa13a8..7850758 100644
--- a/drivers/atm/uPD98402.c
+++ b/drivers/atm/uPD98402.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* drivers/atm/uPD98402.c - NEC uPD98402 (PHY) declarations */
  
 /* Written 1995-2000 by Werner Almesberger, EPFL LRC/ICA */
diff --git a/drivers/atm/zatm.c b/drivers/atm/zatm.c
index d5c76b5..57f97b95 100644
--- a/drivers/atm/zatm.c
+++ b/drivers/atm/zatm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* drivers/atm/zatm.c - ZeitNet ZN122x device driver */
  
 /* Written 1995-2000 by Werner Almesberger, EPFL LRC/ICA */
diff --git a/drivers/block/amiflop.c b/drivers/block/amiflop.c
index 92b930c..226219d 100644
--- a/drivers/block/amiflop.c
+++ b/drivers/block/amiflop.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/amiga/amiflop.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/block/ataflop.c b/drivers/block/ataflop.c
index c7b5c46..85f20e3 100644
--- a/drivers/block/ataflop.c
+++ b/drivers/block/ataflop.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  drivers/block/ataflop.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/block/brd.c b/drivers/block/brd.c
index 2da615b4..c548a5a 100644
--- a/drivers/block/brd.c
+++ b/drivers/block/brd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Ram backed block device driver.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/block/floppy.c b/drivers/block/floppy.c
index b8998ab..9fb9b31 100644
--- a/drivers/block/floppy.c
+++ b/drivers/block/floppy.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/drivers/block/floppy.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/block/null_blk_main.c b/drivers/block/null_blk_main.c
index d7ac09c..447d635 100644
--- a/drivers/block/null_blk_main.c
+++ b/drivers/block/null_blk_main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Add configfs and memory store: Kyungchan Koh <kkc6196@fb.com> and
  * Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com>
diff --git a/drivers/block/ps3vram.c b/drivers/block/ps3vram.c
index c0c5081..4c7f51b 100644
--- a/drivers/block/ps3vram.c
+++ b/drivers/block/ps3vram.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * ps3vram - Use extra PS3 video ram as block device.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/block/sunvdc.c b/drivers/block/sunvdc.c
index 26937ba..6b2fd63 100644
--- a/drivers/block/sunvdc.c
+++ b/drivers/block/sunvdc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* sunvdc.c: Sun LDOM Virtual Disk Client.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/drivers/block/virtio_blk.c b/drivers/block/virtio_blk.c
index f1d90cd..7ffd719 100644
--- a/drivers/block/virtio_blk.c
+++ b/drivers/block/virtio_blk.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 //#define DEBUG
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/drivers/char/agp/amd64-agp.c b/drivers/char/agp/amd64-agp.c
index c69e39f..594aee2 100644
--- a/drivers/char/agp/amd64-agp.c
+++ b/drivers/char/agp/amd64-agp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright 2001-2003 SuSE Labs.
  * Distributed under the GNU public license, v2.
diff --git a/drivers/char/agp/uninorth-agp.c b/drivers/char/agp/uninorth-agp.c
index 31fcd043..62de7f4 100644
--- a/drivers/char/agp/uninorth-agp.c
+++ b/drivers/char/agp/uninorth-agp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * UniNorth AGPGART routines.
  */
diff --git a/drivers/char/agp/via-agp.c b/drivers/char/agp/via-agp.c
index a4961d3..87a92a0 100644
--- a/drivers/char/agp/via-agp.c
+++ b/drivers/char/agp/via-agp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * VIA AGPGART routines.
  */
diff --git a/drivers/char/apm-emulation.c b/drivers/char/apm-emulation.c
index 53436c0..230cf85 100644
--- a/drivers/char/apm-emulation.c
+++ b/drivers/char/apm-emulation.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * bios-less APM driver for ARM Linux
  *  Jamey Hicks <jamey@crl.dec.com>
diff --git a/drivers/char/applicom.c b/drivers/char/applicom.c
index 4ccc39e..eb108b3 100644
--- a/drivers/char/applicom.c
+++ b/drivers/char/applicom.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Derived from Applicom driver ac.c for SCO Unix                            */
 /* Ported by David Woodhouse, Axiom (Cambridge) Ltd.                         */
 /* dwmw2@infradead.org 30/8/98                                               */
diff --git a/drivers/char/ds1620.c b/drivers/char/ds1620.c
index 373f549..cf89a96 100644
--- a/drivers/char/ds1620.c
+++ b/drivers/char/ds1620.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/drivers/char/ds1620.c: Dallas Semiconductors DS1620
  *   thermometer driver (as used in the Rebel.com NetWinder)
diff --git a/drivers/char/dtlk.c b/drivers/char/dtlk.c
index 4fed8fa..6946c1c 100644
--- a/drivers/char/dtlk.c
+++ b/drivers/char/dtlk.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*                                              -*- linux-c -*-
  * dtlk.c - DoubleTalk PC driver for Linux
  *
diff --git a/drivers/char/efirtc.c b/drivers/char/efirtc.c
index 11781eb..4f73064 100644
--- a/drivers/char/efirtc.c
+++ b/drivers/char/efirtc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * EFI Time Services Driver for Linux
  *
diff --git a/drivers/char/hw_random/n2-drv.c b/drivers/char/hw_random/n2-drv.c
index f841151..d4cab10 100644
--- a/drivers/char/hw_random/n2-drv.c
+++ b/drivers/char/hw_random/n2-drv.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* n2-drv.c: Niagara-2 RNG driver.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2008, 2011 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/drivers/char/lp.c b/drivers/char/lp.c
index 3406852..7c9269e 100644
--- a/drivers/char/lp.c
+++ b/drivers/char/lp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Generic parallel printer driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/char/nsc_gpio.c b/drivers/char/nsc_gpio.c
index 2a91bf0..da930c7 100644
--- a/drivers/char/nsc_gpio.c
+++ b/drivers/char/nsc_gpio.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* linux/drivers/char/nsc_gpio.c
 
    National Semiconductor common GPIO device-file/VFS methods.
diff --git a/drivers/char/nvram.c b/drivers/char/nvram.c
index eff1e3f..4667844 100644
--- a/drivers/char/nvram.c
+++ b/drivers/char/nvram.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * CMOS/NV-RAM driver for Linux
  *
diff --git a/drivers/char/nwbutton.c b/drivers/char/nwbutton.c
index a7113b7..ea378c0 100644
--- a/drivers/char/nwbutton.c
+++ b/drivers/char/nwbutton.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * 	NetWinder Button Driver-
  *	Copyright (C) Alex Holden <alex@linuxhacker.org> 1998, 1999.
diff --git a/drivers/char/nwflash.c b/drivers/char/nwflash.c
index 76fb434..a4a0797d 100644
--- a/drivers/char/nwflash.c
+++ b/drivers/char/nwflash.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Flash memory interface rev.5 driver for the Intel
  * Flash chips used on the NetWinder.
diff --git a/drivers/char/pc8736x_gpio.c b/drivers/char/pc8736x_gpio.c
index 5f4be88..c39a836 100644
--- a/drivers/char/pc8736x_gpio.c
+++ b/drivers/char/pc8736x_gpio.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* linux/drivers/char/pc8736x_gpio.c
 
    National Semiconductor PC8736x GPIO driver.  Allows a user space
diff --git a/drivers/char/powernv-op-panel.c b/drivers/char/powernv-op-panel.c
index a45dabc..027484e 100644
--- a/drivers/char/powernv-op-panel.c
+++ b/drivers/char/powernv-op-panel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * OPAL Operator Panel Display Driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/char/raw.c b/drivers/char/raw.c
index fd6eec8..3484e91 100644
--- a/drivers/char/raw.c
+++ b/drivers/char/raw.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/drivers/char/raw.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/char/scx200_gpio.c b/drivers/char/scx200_gpio.c
index 903761b..9f701dc 100644
--- a/drivers/char/scx200_gpio.c
+++ b/drivers/char/scx200_gpio.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* linux/drivers/char/scx200_gpio.c
 
    National Semiconductor SCx200 GPIO driver.  Allows a user space
diff --git a/drivers/cpufreq/ia64-acpi-cpufreq.c b/drivers/cpufreq/ia64-acpi-cpufreq.c
index 80c5bf5..2efe718 100644
--- a/drivers/cpufreq/ia64-acpi-cpufreq.c
+++ b/drivers/cpufreq/ia64-acpi-cpufreq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This file provides the ACPI based P-state support. This
  * module works with generic cpufreq infrastructure. Most of
diff --git a/drivers/cpufreq/sparc-us2e-cpufreq.c b/drivers/cpufreq/sparc-us2e-cpufreq.c
index bbd1d1e..92acbb2 100644
--- a/drivers/cpufreq/sparc-us2e-cpufreq.c
+++ b/drivers/cpufreq/sparc-us2e-cpufreq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* us2e_cpufreq.c: UltraSPARC-IIe cpu frequency support
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003 David S. Miller (davem@redhat.com)
diff --git a/drivers/cpufreq/sparc-us3-cpufreq.c b/drivers/cpufreq/sparc-us3-cpufreq.c
index 51e3c60..e41b35b 100644
--- a/drivers/cpufreq/sparc-us3-cpufreq.c
+++ b/drivers/cpufreq/sparc-us3-cpufreq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* us3_cpufreq.c: UltraSPARC-III cpu frequency support
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003 David S. Miller (davem@redhat.com)
diff --git a/drivers/cpufreq/speedstep-centrino.c b/drivers/cpufreq/speedstep-centrino.c
index e086b2d..b49f494 100644
--- a/drivers/cpufreq/speedstep-centrino.c
+++ b/drivers/cpufreq/speedstep-centrino.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * cpufreq driver for Enhanced SpeedStep, as found in Intel's Pentium
  * M (part of the Centrino chipset).
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/axis/artpec6_crypto.c b/drivers/crypto/axis/artpec6_crypto.c
index d2fb728..80fa04e 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/axis/artpec6_crypto.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/axis/artpec6_crypto.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *   Driver for ARTPEC-6 crypto block using the kernel asynchronous crypto api.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/cavium/nitrox/nitrox_main.c b/drivers/crypto/cavium/nitrox/nitrox_main.c
index faa78f6..fe825d0e 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/cavium/nitrox/nitrox_main.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/cavium/nitrox/nitrox_main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/aer.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/firmware.h>
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/n2_core.c b/drivers/crypto/n2_core.c
index 0d5d3d8..760e72a 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/n2_core.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/n2_core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* n2_core.c: Niagara2 Stream Processing Unit (SPU) crypto support.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2010, 2011 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/padlock-aes.c b/drivers/crypto/padlock-aes.c
index 09d823d..ad02013 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/padlock-aes.c
+++ b/drivers/crypto/padlock-aes.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* 
  * Cryptographic API.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/dma/ti/cppi41.c b/drivers/dma/ti/cppi41.c
index e507ec3..2f946f5 100644
--- a/drivers/dma/ti/cppi41.c
+++ b/drivers/dma/ti/cppi41.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/dmaengine.h>
 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
diff --git a/drivers/edac/amd64_edac.c b/drivers/edac/amd64_edac.c
index e2a9946..873437b 100644
--- a/drivers/edac/amd64_edac.c
+++ b/drivers/edac/amd64_edac.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include "amd64_edac.h"
 #include <asm/amd_nb.h>
 
diff --git a/drivers/edac/ie31200_edac.c b/drivers/edac/ie31200_edac.c
index aac9b9b3..adf60eb 100644
--- a/drivers/edac/ie31200_edac.c
+++ b/drivers/edac/ie31200_edac.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Intel E3-1200
  * Copyright (C) 2014 Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
diff --git a/drivers/edac/mce_amd.c b/drivers/edac/mce_amd.c
index bb0202a..ea622c6f 100644
--- a/drivers/edac/mce_amd.c
+++ b/drivers/edac/mce_amd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 
diff --git a/drivers/firewire/net.c b/drivers/firewire/net.c
index 82ba110..b132ab9 100644
--- a/drivers/firewire/net.c
+++ b/drivers/firewire/net.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * IPv4 over IEEE 1394, per RFC 2734
  * IPv6 over IEEE 1394, per RFC 3146
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/dmi-sysfs.c b/drivers/firmware/dmi-sysfs.c
index ecf2eeb..b618002 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/dmi-sysfs.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/dmi-sysfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * dmi-sysfs.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/google/gsmi.c b/drivers/firmware/google/gsmi.c
index 82ce1e6..edaa4e5 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/google/gsmi.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/google/gsmi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright 2010 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
  * Author: dlaurie@google.com (Duncan Laurie)
diff --git a/drivers/fsi/fsi-master-gpio.c b/drivers/fsi/fsi-master-gpio.c
index 4eb3a76..4dcce17 100644
--- a/drivers/fsi/fsi-master-gpio.c
+++ b/drivers/fsi/fsi-master-gpio.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * A FSI master controller, using a simple GPIO bit-banging interface
  */
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_mm.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_mm.c
index 286a0ee..388f984 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_mm.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/selftests/test-drm_mm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Test cases for the drm_mm range manager
  */
diff --git a/drivers/hid/hid-aureal.c b/drivers/hid/hid-aureal.c
index 3280aff..ac8946f 100644
--- a/drivers/hid/hid-aureal.c
+++ b/drivers/hid/hid-aureal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  HID driver for Aureal Cy se W-01RN USB_V3.1 devices
  *
diff --git a/drivers/hwmon/ultra45_env.c b/drivers/hwmon/ultra45_env.c
index f2816c7..b23cff2 100644
--- a/drivers/hwmon/ultra45_env.c
+++ b/drivers/hwmon/ultra45_env.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * ultra45_env.c: Driver for Ultra45 PIC16F747 environmental monitor.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ide/aec62xx.c b/drivers/ide/aec62xx.c
index c7eaf20..4c959ce 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/aec62xx.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/aec62xx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 1999-2002	Andre Hedrick <andre@linux-ide.org>
  * Copyright (C) 2007		MontaVista Software, Inc. <source@mvista.com>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ali14xx.c b/drivers/ide/ali14xx.c
index 8f3570e..3268931 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ali14xx.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ali14xx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1996  Linus Torvalds & author (see below)
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ide/atiixp.c b/drivers/ide/atiixp.c
index 76650e9..e08b0aa 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/atiixp.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/atiixp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 2003 ATI Inc. <hyu@ati.com>
  *  Copyright (C) 2004,2007 Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz
diff --git a/drivers/ide/cmd640.c b/drivers/ide/cmd640.c
index 004243b..f48decb 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/cmd640.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/cmd640.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1995-1996  Linus Torvalds & authors (see below)
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ide/cmd64x.c b/drivers/ide/cmd64x.c
index b127ed6..a1898e1 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/cmd64x.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/cmd64x.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * cmd64x.c: Enable interrupts at initialization time on Ultra/PCI machines.
  *           Due to massive hardware bugs, UltraDMA is only supported
diff --git a/drivers/ide/cy82c693.c b/drivers/ide/cy82c693.c
index f582007..bc01660 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/cy82c693.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/cy82c693.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1998-2000 Andreas S. Krebs (akrebs@altavista.net), Maintainer
  *  Copyright (C) 1998-2002 Andre Hedrick <andre@linux-ide.org>, Integrator
diff --git a/drivers/ide/dtc2278.c b/drivers/ide/dtc2278.c
index 8722df3..714e8cd 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/dtc2278.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/dtc2278.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1996  Linus Torvalds & author (see below)
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ide/hpt366.c b/drivers/ide/hpt366.c
index 0a3f9bc..fd3b5da 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/hpt366.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/hpt366.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 1999-2003		Andre Hedrick <andre@linux-ide.org>
  * Portions Copyright (C) 2001	        Sun Microsystems, Inc.
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ht6560b.c b/drivers/ide/ht6560b.c
index 1e0fd3a..0dae65a 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ht6560b.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ht6560b.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1995-2000  Linus Torvalds & author (see below)
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ide/icside.c b/drivers/ide/icside.c
index 80e933b..329c7e4 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/icside.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/icside.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 1996-2004 Russell King.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-4drives.c b/drivers/ide/ide-4drives.c
index 547d7cf..06c6215 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-4drives.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-4drives.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide-gd.c b/drivers/ide/ide-gd.c
index f233b34..dba9ad5 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide-gd.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide-gd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ide.c b/drivers/ide/ide.c
index 6ee866f..9a9c64f 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ide.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ide.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1994-1998	    Linus Torvalds & authors (see below)
  *  Copyright (C) 2003-2005, 2007   Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz
diff --git a/drivers/ide/it8213.c b/drivers/ide/it8213.c
index 6b92846..d0bf443 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/it8213.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/it8213.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * ITE 8213 IDE driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ide/ns87415.c b/drivers/ide/ns87415.c
index 392fd10..11a672a 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/ns87415.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/ns87415.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 1997-1998	Mark Lord <mlord@pobox.com>
  * Copyright (C) 1998		Eddie C. Dost <ecd@skynet.be>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/opti621.c b/drivers/ide/opti621.c
index 26a4500..c374f82 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/opti621.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/opti621.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1996-1998  Linus Torvalds & authors (see below)
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ide/pdc202xx_old.c b/drivers/ide/pdc202xx_old.c
index 224ad46..5248ac0 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/pdc202xx_old.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/pdc202xx_old.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1998-2002		Andre Hedrick <andre@linux-ide.org>
  *  Copyright (C) 2006-2007, 2009	MontaVista Software, Inc.
diff --git a/drivers/ide/qd65xx.c b/drivers/ide/qd65xx.c
index a6fb6a8..6ce318e 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/qd65xx.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/qd65xx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1996-2001  Linus Torvalds & author (see below)
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ide/rapide.c b/drivers/ide/rapide.c
index d73c3d1..0ab8b86 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/rapide.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/rapide.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 1996-2002 Russell King.
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ide/rz1000.c b/drivers/ide/rz1000.c
index f4b66f7..fce2b7d 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/rz1000.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/rz1000.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1995-1998  Linus Torvalds & author (see below)
  */
diff --git a/drivers/ide/serverworks.c b/drivers/ide/serverworks.c
index a97affc..ac6fc3f 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/serverworks.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/serverworks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 1998-2000 Michel Aubry
  * Copyright (C) 1998-2000 Andrzej Krzysztofowicz
diff --git a/drivers/ide/sl82c105.c b/drivers/ide/sl82c105.c
index 3300dac..5c24c42 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/sl82c105.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/sl82c105.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * SL82C105/Winbond 553 IDE driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/ide/slc90e66.c b/drivers/ide/slc90e66.c
index 8af92bb..f521d5e 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/slc90e66.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/slc90e66.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Andre Hedrick <andre@linux-ide.org>
  *  Copyright (C) 2006-2007 MontaVista Software, Inc. <source@mvista.com>
diff --git a/drivers/ide/umc8672.c b/drivers/ide/umc8672.c
index 3aa0fea..870e235 100644
--- a/drivers/ide/umc8672.c
+++ b/drivers/ide/umc8672.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1995-1996  Linus Torvalds & author (see below)
  */
diff --git a/drivers/iio/accel/kxsd9-spi.c b/drivers/iio/accel/kxsd9-spi.c
index b7d0078..011aeff 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/accel/kxsd9-spi.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/accel/kxsd9-spi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/device.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/spi/spi.h>
diff --git a/drivers/iio/adc/qcom-pm8xxx-xoadc.c b/drivers/iio/adc/qcom-pm8xxx-xoadc.c
index 4735f8a..c599ffa 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/adc/qcom-pm8xxx-xoadc.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/adc/qcom-pm8xxx-xoadc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Qualcomm PM8xxx PMIC XOADC driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/iio/buffer/kfifo_buf.c b/drivers/iio/buffer/kfifo_buf.c
index 70c302a..e78fc08 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/buffer/kfifo_buf.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/buffer/kfifo_buf.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/drivers/iio/gyro/bmg160_i2c.c b/drivers/iio/gyro/bmg160_i2c.c
index 934a092..4fc9c6a 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/gyro/bmg160_i2c.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/gyro/bmg160_i2c.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/i2c.h>
 #include <linux/regmap.h>
 #include <linux/iio/iio.h>
diff --git a/drivers/iio/gyro/bmg160_spi.c b/drivers/iio/gyro/bmg160_spi.c
index 021ea5f..182a59c 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/gyro/bmg160_spi.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/gyro/bmg160_spi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/spi/spi.h>
 #include <linux/regmap.h>
 #include <linux/iio/iio.h>
diff --git a/drivers/iio/gyro/mpu3050-core.c b/drivers/iio/gyro/mpu3050-core.c
index 0a40616..80154bc 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/gyro/mpu3050-core.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/gyro/mpu3050-core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * MPU3050 gyroscope driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/iio/gyro/mpu3050-i2c.c b/drivers/iio/gyro/mpu3050-i2c.c
index 93f08b3..afa8018 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/gyro/mpu3050-i2c.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/gyro/mpu3050-i2c.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/i2c.h>
 #include <linux/i2c-mux.h>
diff --git a/drivers/iio/light/bh1780.c b/drivers/iio/light/bh1780.c
index 036f3bb..340d64d 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/light/bh1780.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/light/bh1780.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * ROHM 1780GLI Ambient Light Sensor Driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/iio/light/cm3605.c b/drivers/iio/light/cm3605.c
index e454bc6..964ede4 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/light/cm3605.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/light/cm3605.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * CM3605 Ambient Light and Proximity Sensor
  *
diff --git a/drivers/iio/magnetometer/ak8974.c b/drivers/iio/magnetometer/ak8974.c
index f4d0a6c..fc7e910 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/magnetometer/ak8974.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/magnetometer/ak8974.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Driver for the Asahi Kasei EMD Corporation AK8974
  * and Aichi Steel AMI305 magnetometer chips.
diff --git a/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-i2c.c b/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-i2c.c
index 03742b1..acd9a37 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-i2c.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-i2c.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/i2c.h>
 #include <linux/acpi.h>
diff --git a/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-spi.c b/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-spi.c
index 17bc955..9d57b7a 100644
--- a/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-spi.c
+++ b/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280-spi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * SPI interface for the BMP280 driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/input/joystick/grip_mp.c b/drivers/input/joystick/grip_mp.c
index 573191d..056a89a 100644
--- a/drivers/input/joystick/grip_mp.c
+++ b/drivers/input/joystick/grip_mp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Driver for the Gravis Grip Multiport, a gamepad "hub" that
  *  connects up to four 9-pin digital gamepads/joysticks.
diff --git a/drivers/input/joystick/maplecontrol.c b/drivers/input/joystick/maplecontrol.c
index ff54e19..3833ac4 100644
--- a/drivers/input/joystick/maplecontrol.c
+++ b/drivers/input/joystick/maplecontrol.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	SEGA Dreamcast controller driver
  *	Based on drivers/usb/iforce.c
diff --git a/drivers/input/keyboard/dlink-dir685-touchkeys.c b/drivers/input/keyboard/dlink-dir685-touchkeys.c
index 88e321b..b0ead71 100644
--- a/drivers/input/keyboard/dlink-dir685-touchkeys.c
+++ b/drivers/input/keyboard/dlink-dir685-touchkeys.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * D-Link DIR-685 router I2C-based Touchkeys input driver
  * Copyright (C) 2017 Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
diff --git a/drivers/input/misc/powermate.c b/drivers/input/misc/powermate.c
index e8de3aa..c4e0e18 100644
--- a/drivers/input/misc/powermate.c
+++ b/drivers/input/misc/powermate.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * A driver for the Griffin Technology, Inc. "PowerMate" USB controller dial.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/input/misc/rb532_button.c b/drivers/input/misc/rb532_button.c
index 62c5814..4412055 100644
--- a/drivers/input/misc/rb532_button.c
+++ b/drivers/input/misc/rb532_button.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Support for the S1 button on Routerboard 532
  *
diff --git a/drivers/input/misc/sparcspkr.c b/drivers/input/misc/sparcspkr.c
index 4a5afc7..fe43e55 100644
--- a/drivers/input/misc/sparcspkr.c
+++ b/drivers/input/misc/sparcspkr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Driver for PC-speaker like devices found on various Sparc systems.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/input/mouse/maplemouse.c b/drivers/input/mouse/maplemouse.c
index 25f0ecb..2de64d6 100644
--- a/drivers/input/mouse/maplemouse.c
+++ b/drivers/input/mouse/maplemouse.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	SEGA Dreamcast mouse driver
  *	Based on drivers/usb/usbmouse.c
diff --git a/drivers/input/serio/sun4i-ps2.c b/drivers/input/serio/sun4i-ps2.c
index 04b96fe..a681a2c 100644
--- a/drivers/input/serio/sun4i-ps2.c
+++ b/drivers/input/serio/sun4i-ps2.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	Driver for Allwinner A10 PS2 host controller
  *
diff --git a/drivers/input/tablet/kbtab.c b/drivers/input/tablet/kbtab.c
index 75b5006..04b8557 100644
--- a/drivers/input/tablet/kbtab.c
+++ b/drivers/input/tablet/kbtab.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/drivers/input/tablet/pegasus_notetaker.c b/drivers/input/tablet/pegasus_notetaker.c
index ffd03cf..a1f3a0c 100644
--- a/drivers/input/tablet/pegasus_notetaker.c
+++ b/drivers/input/tablet/pegasus_notetaker.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Pegasus Mobile Notetaker Pen input tablet driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/input/touchscreen/hp680_ts_input.c b/drivers/input/touchscreen/hp680_ts_input.c
index 85cf9be..818f2e4 100644
--- a/drivers/input/touchscreen/hp680_ts_input.c
+++ b/drivers/input/touchscreen/hp680_ts_input.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/input.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/drivers/input/touchscreen/ili210x.c b/drivers/input/touchscreen/ili210x.c
index 9169aa0..e900640 100644
--- a/drivers/input/touchscreen/ili210x.c
+++ b/drivers/input/touchscreen/ili210x.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/i2c.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/drivers/isdn/hisax/teles_cs.c b/drivers/isdn/hisax/teles_cs.c
index b8dd1495..bcc37e9 100644
--- a/drivers/isdn/hisax/teles_cs.c
+++ b/drivers/isdn/hisax/teles_cs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* $Id: teles_cs.c,v 1.1.2.2 2004/01/25 15:07:06 keil Exp $ */
 /*======================================================================
 
diff --git a/drivers/leds/leds-clevo-mail.c b/drivers/leds/leds-clevo-mail.c
index 492789f..f512e99 100644
--- a/drivers/leds/leds-clevo-mail.c
+++ b/drivers/leds/leds-clevo-mail.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/drivers/leds/leds-cobalt-qube.c b/drivers/leds/leds-cobalt-qube.c
index 9be1957..ef22e1e 100644
--- a/drivers/leds/leds-cobalt-qube.c
+++ b/drivers/leds/leds-cobalt-qube.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright 2006 - Florian Fainelli <florian@openwrt.org>
  *
diff --git a/drivers/leds/leds-rb532.c b/drivers/leds/leds-rb532.c
index fcd1215b..db5af83f 100644
--- a/drivers/leds/leds-rb532.c
+++ b/drivers/leds/leds-rb532.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * LEDs driver for the "User LED" on Routerboard532
  *
diff --git a/drivers/leds/leds-sunfire.c b/drivers/leds/leds-sunfire.c
index 7c09db8..eba7313 100644
--- a/drivers/leds/leds-sunfire.c
+++ b/drivers/leds/leds-sunfire.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* leds-sunfire.c: SUNW,Ultra-Enterprise LED driver.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2008 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/drivers/leds/leds-tca6507.c b/drivers/leds/leds-tca6507.c
index 8f343af..c59035e 100644
--- a/drivers/leds/leds-tca6507.c
+++ b/drivers/leds/leds-tca6507.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * leds-tca6507
  *
diff --git a/drivers/macintosh/mac_hid.c b/drivers/macintosh/mac_hid.c
index 80d30e8..7af0c53 100644
--- a/drivers/macintosh/mac_hid.c
+++ b/drivers/macintosh/mac_hid.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * drivers/macintosh/mac_hid.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/macintosh/therm_adt746x.c b/drivers/macintosh/therm_adt746x.c
index d7cd5af..8f7725d 100644
--- a/drivers/macintosh/therm_adt746x.c
+++ b/drivers/macintosh/therm_adt746x.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Device driver for the i2c thermostat found on the iBook G4, Albook G4
  *
diff --git a/drivers/macintosh/windfarm_cpufreq_clamp.c b/drivers/macintosh/windfarm_cpufreq_clamp.c
index 26269903..52fd5fc 100644
--- a/drivers/macintosh/windfarm_cpufreq_clamp.c
+++ b/drivers/macintosh/windfarm_cpufreq_clamp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-era-target.c b/drivers/md/dm-era-target.c
index 8e48920..bdb84b8 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-era-target.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-era-target.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include "dm.h"
 #include "persistent-data/dm-transaction-manager.h"
 #include "persistent-data/dm-bitset.h"
diff --git a/drivers/media/common/cypress_firmware.c b/drivers/media/common/cypress_firmware.c
index 8895158..cdc7050 100644
--- a/drivers/media/common/cypress_firmware.c
+++ b/drivers/media/common/cypress_firmware.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*  cypress_firmware.c is part of the DVB USB library.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2004-6 Patrick Boettcher (patrick.boettcher@posteo.de)
diff --git a/drivers/media/common/saa7146/saa7146_fops.c b/drivers/media/common/saa7146/saa7146_fops.c
index be4355a..be4f80a 100644
--- a/drivers/media/common/saa7146/saa7146_fops.c
+++ b/drivers/media/common/saa7146/saa7146_fops.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <media/drv-intf/saa7146_vv.h>
diff --git a/drivers/media/dvb-frontends/dibx000_common.c b/drivers/media/dvb-frontends/dibx000_common.c
index dc80a84..63a4c6a 100644
--- a/drivers/media/dvb-frontends/dibx000_common.c
+++ b/drivers/media/dvb-frontends/dibx000_common.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/i2c.h>
diff --git a/drivers/media/dvb-frontends/sp887x.c b/drivers/media/dvb-frontends/sp887x.c
index c02f509..c89a91a 100644
--- a/drivers/media/dvb-frontends/sp887x.c
+++ b/drivers/media/dvb-frontends/sp887x.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
    Driver for the Spase sp887x demodulator
 */
diff --git a/drivers/media/firewire/firedtv-fw.c b/drivers/media/firewire/firedtv-fw.c
index 92f4112..9714473 100644
--- a/drivers/media/firewire/firedtv-fw.c
+++ b/drivers/media/firewire/firedtv-fw.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * FireDTV driver -- firewire I/O backend
  */
diff --git a/drivers/media/pci/b2c2/flexcop-pci.c b/drivers/media/pci/b2c2/flexcop-pci.c
index cc6527e..a9d9520 100644
--- a/drivers/media/pci/b2c2/flexcop-pci.c
+++ b/drivers/media/pci/b2c2/flexcop-pci.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Linux driver the digital TV devices equipped with B2C2 FlexcopII(b)/III
  * flexcop-pci.c - covers the PCI part including DMA transfers
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-aimslab.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-aimslab.c
index 4c52ac6..0e9a378 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-aimslab.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-aimslab.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * AimsLab RadioTrack (aka RadioVeveal) driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-aztech.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-aztech.c
index 840b7d6..4909c33 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-aztech.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-aztech.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * radio-aztech.c - Aztech radio card driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-cadet.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-cadet.c
index d12e07e..1216089 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-cadet.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-cadet.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* radio-cadet.c - A video4linux driver for the ADS Cadet AM/FM Radio Card
  *
  * by Fred Gleason <fredg@wava.com>
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-gemtek.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-gemtek.c
index f051f86..0640011 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-gemtek.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-gemtek.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * GemTek radio card driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-maxiradio.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-maxiradio.c
index 1b97ad2..ad488ec 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-maxiradio.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-maxiradio.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Guillemot Maxi Radio FM 2000 PCI radio card driver for Linux
  * (C) 2001 Dimitromanolakis Apostolos <apdim@grecian.net>
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-miropcm20.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-miropcm20.c
index b626567..95d12cb 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-miropcm20.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-miropcm20.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Miro PCM20 radio driver for Linux radio support
  * (c) 1998 Ruurd Reitsma <R.A.Reitsma@wbmt.tudelft.nl>
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-rtrack2.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-rtrack2.c
index 5a1470e..73d2c18 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-rtrack2.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-rtrack2.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * RadioTrack II driver
  * Copyright 1998 Ben Pfaff
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-sf16fmi.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-sf16fmi.c
index a8fedc9..434c033 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-sf16fmi.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-sf16fmi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* SF16-FMI, SF16-FMP and SF16-FMD radio driver for Linux radio support
  * heavily based on rtrack driver...
  * (c) 1997 M. Kirkwood
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-sf16fmr2.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-sf16fmr2.c
index ca8a1c26..bd323e6 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-sf16fmr2.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-sf16fmr2.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* SF16-FMR2 and SF16-FMD2 radio driver for Linux
  * Copyright (c) 2011 Ondrej Zary
  *
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-terratec.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-terratec.c
index 1af8f29..8b8ce2b4 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-terratec.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-terratec.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Terratec ActiveRadio ISA Standalone card driver for Linux radio support
  * (c) 1999 R. Offermanns (rolf@offermanns.de)
  * based on the aimslab radio driver from M. Kirkwood
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-trust.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-trust.c
index a4bad32..2fc0095 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-trust.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-trust.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* radio-trust.c - Trust FM Radio card driver for Linux 2.2
  * by Eric Lammerts <eric@scintilla.utwente.nl>
  *
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-typhoon.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-typhoon.c
index d0d67ad..1aa856d 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-typhoon.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-typhoon.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Typhoon Radio Card driver for radio support
  * (c) 1999 Dr. Henrik Seidel <Henrik.Seidel@gmx.de>
  *
diff --git a/drivers/media/radio/radio-zoltrix.c b/drivers/media/radio/radio-zoltrix.c
index 6007cd0..f3dc57c 100644
--- a/drivers/media/radio/radio-zoltrix.c
+++ b/drivers/media/radio/radio-zoltrix.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Zoltrix Radio Plus driver
  * Copyright 1998 C. van Schaik <carl@leg.uct.ac.za>
diff --git a/drivers/media/rc/keymaps/rc-twinhan1027.c b/drivers/media/rc/keymaps/rc-twinhan1027.c
index 78bb314..3ee28bc 100644
--- a/drivers/media/rc/keymaps/rc-twinhan1027.c
+++ b/drivers/media/rc/keymaps/rc-twinhan1027.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <media/rc-map.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 
diff --git a/drivers/media/tuners/mt20xx.c b/drivers/media/tuners/mt20xx.c
index 8b4ce84..baf708f 100644
--- a/drivers/media/tuners/mt20xx.c
+++ b/drivers/media/tuners/mt20xx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * i2c tv tuner chip device driver
  * controls microtune tuners, mt2032 + mt2050 at the moment.
diff --git a/drivers/media/tuners/tda9887.c b/drivers/media/tuners/tda9887.c
index 9777da0..dca2fc7 100644
--- a/drivers/media/tuners/tda9887.c
+++ b/drivers/media/tuners/tda9887.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/i2c.h>
diff --git a/drivers/media/tuners/tuner-simple.c b/drivers/media/tuners/tuner-simple.c
index d2169bb..b6e70fa 100644
--- a/drivers/media/tuners/tuner-simple.c
+++ b/drivers/media/tuners/tuner-simple.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * i2c tv tuner chip device driver
  * controls all those simple 4-control-bytes style tuners.
diff --git a/drivers/media/tuners/tuner-types.c b/drivers/media/tuners/tuner-types.c
index 98bc15a..01f61eb 100644
--- a/drivers/media/tuners/tuner-types.c
+++ b/drivers/media/tuners/tuner-types.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * i2c tv tuner chip device type database.
diff --git a/drivers/media/usb/b2c2/flexcop-usb.c b/drivers/media/usb/b2c2/flexcop-usb.c
index a8f3169..1826ff8 100644
--- a/drivers/media/usb/b2c2/flexcop-usb.c
+++ b/drivers/media/usb/b2c2/flexcop-usb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Linux driver for digital TV devices equipped with B2C2 FlexcopII(b)/III
  * flexcop-usb.c - covers the USB part
diff --git a/drivers/media/v4l2-core/tuner-core.c b/drivers/media/v4l2-core/tuner-core.c
index 03a340c..12d1e0c 100644
--- a/drivers/media/v4l2-core/tuner-core.c
+++ b/drivers/media/v4l2-core/tuner-core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * i2c tv tuner chip device driver
  * core core, i.e. kernel interfaces, registering and so on
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/chips/chipreg.c b/drivers/mtd/chips/chipreg.c
index 0bbc61b..ff86373 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/chips/chipreg.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/chips/chipreg.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Registration for chip drivers
  *
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/chips/map_absent.c b/drivers/mtd/chips/map_absent.c
index f7a5bca..fc68557 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/chips/map_absent.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/chips/map_absent.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Common code to handle absent "placeholder" devices
  * Copyright 2001 Resilience Corporation <ebrower@resilience.com>
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/devices/bcm47xxsflash.c b/drivers/mtd/devices/bcm47xxsflash.c
index 9baa81b..eccf2e5d 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/devices/bcm47xxsflash.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/devices/bcm47xxsflash.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/devices/phram.c b/drivers/mtd/devices/phram.c
index 8a8627c..c467286 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/devices/phram.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/devices/phram.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /**
  * Copyright (c) ????		Jochen Schäuble <psionic@psionic.de>
  * Copyright (c) 2003-2004	Joern Engel <joern@wh.fh-wedel.de>
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/devices/slram.c b/drivers/mtd/devices/slram.c
index 10183ee..28131a1 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/devices/slram.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/devices/slram.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*======================================================================
 
   This driver provides a method to access memory not used by the kernel
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/amd76xrom.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/amd76xrom.c
index 26de0a1..462fadb 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/amd76xrom.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/amd76xrom.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * amd76xrom.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/ck804xrom.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/ck804xrom.c
index 584962e..c9b7b4d 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/ck804xrom.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/ck804xrom.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * ck804xrom.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/esb2rom.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/esb2rom.c
index da9f6d7..5c27c69 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/esb2rom.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/esb2rom.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * esb2rom.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/ichxrom.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/ichxrom.c
index 1888c5b..6b989f3 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/ichxrom.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/ichxrom.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * ichxrom.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/ixp4xx.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/ixp4xx.c
index e3180d5..d854320 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/ixp4xx.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/ixp4xx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * drivers/mtd/maps/ixp4xx.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/l440gx.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/l440gx.c
index 74bd98e..876f12f 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/l440gx.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/l440gx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * BIOS Flash chip on Intel 440GX board.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/map_funcs.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/map_funcs.c
index 3f26837..5b684c1 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/map_funcs.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/map_funcs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Out-of-line map I/O functions for simple maps when CONFIG_COMPLEX_MAPPINGS
  * is enabled.
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/nettel.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/nettel.c
index 729579f..50046d4 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/nettel.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/nettel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /****************************************************************************/
 
 /*
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/sa1100-flash.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/sa1100-flash.c
index 8932396..895510d 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/sa1100-flash.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/sa1100-flash.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Flash memory access on SA11x0 based devices
  *
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/scb2_flash.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/scb2_flash.c
index b7a22a6..2afb253 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/scb2_flash.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/scb2_flash.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * MTD map driver for BIOS Flash on Intel SCB2 boards
  * Copyright (C) 2002 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/scx200_docflash.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/scx200_docflash.c
index 7f1a0e6..8462662 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/scx200_docflash.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/scx200_docflash.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* linux/drivers/mtd/maps/scx200_docflash.c
 
    Copyright (c) 2001,2002 Christer Weinigel <wingel@nano-system.com>
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/maps/sun_uflash.c b/drivers/mtd/maps/sun_uflash.c
index 1e73bba..eb72582 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/maps/sun_uflash.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/maps/sun_uflash.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* sun_uflash.c - Driver for user-programmable flash on
  *                Sun Microsystems SME boardsets.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/cafe_nand.c b/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/cafe_nand.c
index b1c0cd6..2d1c22d 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/cafe_nand.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/cafe_nand.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Driver for One Laptop Per Child ‘CAFÉ’ controller, aka Marvell 88ALP01
  *
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/diskonchip.c b/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/diskonchip.c
index f430c4b..c0e1a8e 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/diskonchip.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/diskonchip.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * (C) 2003 Red Hat, Inc.
  * (C) 2004 Dan Brown <dan_brown@ieee.org>
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/rfd_ftl.c b/drivers/mtd/rfd_ftl.c
index 94720f2..3d1df82 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/rfd_ftl.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/rfd_ftl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * rfd_ftl.c -- resident flash disk (flash translation layer)
  *
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/tests/mtd_nandecctest.c b/drivers/mtd/tests/mtd_nandecctest.c
index 73b0630..13bca9e 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/tests/mtd_nandecctest.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/tests/mtd_nandecctest.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt)	KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/drivers/net/dsa/dsa_loop_bdinfo.c b/drivers/net/dsa/dsa_loop_bdinfo.c
index fb8d5dc..237066d 100644
--- a/drivers/net/dsa/dsa_loop_bdinfo.c
+++ b/drivers/net/dsa/dsa_loop_bdinfo.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/phy.h>
diff --git a/drivers/net/dummy.c b/drivers/net/dummy.c
index 3568129..54e4d8b 100644
--- a/drivers/net/dummy.c
+++ b/drivers/net/dummy.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* dummy.c: a dummy net driver
 
 	The purpose of this driver is to provide a device to point a
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/8390/8390.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/8390/8390.c
index a43544a..78f3e53 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/8390/8390.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/8390/8390.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* 8390 core for usual drivers */
 
 static const char version[] =
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/8390/8390p.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/8390/8390p.c
index 46d2257..6cf3699 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/8390/8390p.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/8390/8390p.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* 8390 core for ISA devices needing bus delays */
 
 static const char version[] =
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/7990.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/7990.c
index dc57f27..ab30761 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/7990.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/7990.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * 7990.c -- LANCE ethernet IC generic routines.
  * This is an attempt to separate out the bits of various ethernet
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/declance.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/declance.c
index 9f23703..dac4a2f 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/declance.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/declance.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *    Lance ethernet driver for the MIPS processor based
  *      DECstation family
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/hplance.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/hplance.c
index c3dbf1c..1381a47 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/hplance.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/hplance.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* hplance.c  : the  Linux/hp300/lance ethernet driver
  *
  * Copyright (C) 05/1998 Peter Maydell <pmaydell@chiark.greenend.org.uk>
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/mvme147.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/mvme147.c
index 0a92044..72abd3f 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/mvme147.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/mvme147.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* mvme147.c  : the  Linux/mvme147/lance ethernet driver
  *
  * Copyright (C) 05/1998 Peter Maydell <pmaydell@chiark.greenend.org.uk>
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/sunlance.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/sunlance.c
index bd6589d..ebcbf8c 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/sunlance.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/amd/sunlance.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* $Id: sunlance.c,v 1.112 2002/01/15 06:48:55 davem Exp $
  * lance.c: Linux/Sparc/Lance driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/apple/bmac.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/apple/bmac.c
index 4d3855c..c40daad 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/apple/bmac.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/apple/bmac.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Network device driver for the BMAC ethernet controller on
  * Apple Powermacs.  Assumes it's under a DBDMA controller.
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/apple/mace.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/apple/mace.c
index 4d9819d2..b8ba2ab 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/apple/mace.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/apple/mace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Network device driver for the MACE ethernet controller on
  * Apple Powermacs.  Assumes it's under a DBDMA controller.
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/i825xx/sni_82596.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/i825xx/sni_82596.c
index b2c04a7..6eb6c2f 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/i825xx/sni_82596.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/i825xx/sni_82596.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * sni_82596.c -- driver for intel 82596 ethernet controller, as
  *  		  used in older SNI RM machines
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/ibm/emac/phy.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/ibm/emac/phy.c
index aa070c0..1e798cc 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/ibm/emac/phy.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/ibm/emac/phy.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * drivers/net/ethernet/ibm/emac/phy.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/natsemi/sonic.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/natsemi/sonic.c
index aaec009..d0a01e8 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/natsemi/sonic.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/natsemi/sonic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * sonic.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/realtek/r8169.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/realtek/r8169.c
index 2e20334..8e40418 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/realtek/r8169.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/realtek/r8169.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * r8169.c: RealTek 8169/8168/8101 ethernet driver.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/seeq/sgiseeq.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/seeq/sgiseeq.c
index 696037d..7a5e6c5a 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/seeq/sgiseeq.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/seeq/sgiseeq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * sgiseeq.c: Seeq8003 ethernet driver for SGI machines.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/silan/sc92031.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/silan/sc92031.c
index 02b3962..c7641a2 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/silan/sc92031.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/silan/sc92031.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*  Silan SC92031 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter driver
  *
  *  Based on vendor drivers:
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/xilinx/ll_temac_main.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/xilinx/ll_temac_main.c
index 47c4515..14870d6 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/xilinx/ll_temac_main.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/xilinx/ll_temac_main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Driver for Xilinx TEMAC Ethernet device
  *
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/xilinx/xilinx_axienet_main.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/xilinx/xilinx_axienet_main.c
index 108fbc7..831967f 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/xilinx/xilinx_axienet_main.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/xilinx/xilinx_axienet_main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Xilinx Axi Ethernet device driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.c b/drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.c
index a19868c..331c16d 100644
--- a/drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.c
+++ b/drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * 6pack.c	This module implements the 6pack protocol for kernel-based
  *		devices like TTY. It interfaces between a raw TTY and the
diff --git a/drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvtap.c b/drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvtap.c
index 0bcc07f..1cedb63 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvtap.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvtap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/etherdevice.h>
 #include "ipvlan.h"
 #include <linux/if_vlan.h>
diff --git a/drivers/net/macvtap.c b/drivers/net/macvtap.c
index 9a10029..694e2f5 100644
--- a/drivers/net/macvtap.c
+++ b/drivers/net/macvtap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/etherdevice.h>
 #include <linux/if_macvlan.h>
 #include <linux/if_tap.h>
diff --git a/drivers/net/nlmon.c b/drivers/net/nlmon.c
index dd0db75..68771b2 100644
--- a/drivers/net/nlmon.c
+++ b/drivers/net/nlmon.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
diff --git a/drivers/net/slip/slip.c b/drivers/net/slip/slip.c
index 9757f1f..cac64b9 100644
--- a/drivers/net/slip/slip.c
+++ b/drivers/net/slip/slip.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * slip.c	This module implements the SLIP protocol for kernel-based
  *		devices like TTY.  It interfaces between a raw TTY, and the
diff --git a/drivers/net/sungem_phy.c b/drivers/net/sungem_phy.c
index 63a8ff8..291fa44 100644
--- a/drivers/net/sungem_phy.c
+++ b/drivers/net/sungem_phy.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * PHY drivers for the sungem ethernet driver.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/net/tap.c b/drivers/net/tap.c
index 2ea9b49..8e01390 100644
--- a/drivers/net/tap.c
+++ b/drivers/net/tap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/etherdevice.h>
 #include <linux/if_tap.h>
 #include <linux/if_vlan.h>
diff --git a/drivers/net/veth.c b/drivers/net/veth.c
index 09a1433..52110e5 100644
--- a/drivers/net/veth.c
+++ b/drivers/net/veth.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  drivers/net/veth.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/net/vsockmon.c b/drivers/net/vsockmon.c
index 7bad5c9..14e324b 100644
--- a/drivers/net/vsockmon.c
+++ b/drivers/net/vsockmon.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/if_arp.h>
diff --git a/drivers/net/wan/hostess_sv11.c b/drivers/net/wan/hostess_sv11.c
index 4de0737..6c05c4c 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wan/hostess_sv11.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wan/hostess_sv11.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	Comtrol SV11 card driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/net/wan/x25_asy.c b/drivers/net/wan/x25_asy.c
index 46c3d98..d78bc83 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wan/x25_asy.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wan/x25_asy.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	Things to sort out:
  *
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_cs.c b/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_cs.c
index 74f63b7..1a74867 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_cs.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_cs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define PRISM2_PCCARD
 
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_pci.c b/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_pci.c
index c864ef4..0c2aa88 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_pci.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_pci.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define PRISM2_PCI
 
 /* Host AP driver's support for Intersil Prism2.5 PCI cards is based on
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_plx.c b/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_plx.c
index 4901a99..943070d 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_plx.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/intersil/hostap/hostap_plx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define PRISM2_PLX
 
 /* Host AP driver's support for PC Cards on PCI adapters using PLX9052 is
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/if_usb.c b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/if_usb.c
index 220dcde..f1622f0 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/if_usb.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/if_usb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This file contains functions used in USB interface module.
  */
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/main.c b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/main.c
index f7db60b..5968852 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/main.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/marvell/libertas/main.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This file contains the major functions in WLAN
  * driver. It includes init, exit, open, close and main
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/wl3501_cs.c b/drivers/net/wireless/wl3501_cs.c
index da62220..a25b179 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/wl3501_cs.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/wl3501_cs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * WL3501 Wireless LAN PCMCIA Card Driver for Linux
  * Written originally for Linux 2.0.30 by Fox Chen, mhchen@golf.ccl.itri.org.tw
diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c b/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c
index 36be9b6..87f72f7 100644
--- a/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/e820.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2015, Christoph Hellwig.
  * Copyright (c) 2015, Intel Corporation.
diff --git a/drivers/parport/parport_amiga.c b/drivers/parport/parport_amiga.c
index 9c68f2a..3301861f 100644
--- a/drivers/parport/parport_amiga.c
+++ b/drivers/parport/parport_amiga.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Low-level parallel port routines for the Amiga built-in port
  *
  * Author: Joerg Dorchain <joerg@dorchain.net>
diff --git a/drivers/parport/parport_atari.c b/drivers/parport/parport_atari.c
index 9fbf6cc..f8dd368b 100644
--- a/drivers/parport/parport_atari.c
+++ b/drivers/parport/parport_atari.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Low-level parallel port routines for the Atari builtin port
  *
  * Author: Andreas Schwab <schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de>
diff --git a/drivers/parport/parport_mfc3.c b/drivers/parport/parport_mfc3.c
index 7f4be0e..9f87faf 100644
--- a/drivers/parport/parport_mfc3.c
+++ b/drivers/parport/parport_mfc3.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Low-level parallel port routines for the Multiface 3 card
  *
  * Author: Joerg Dorchain <joerg@dorchain.net>
diff --git a/drivers/parport/parport_pc.c b/drivers/parport/parport_pc.c
index 6296dbb..1f17a39 100644
--- a/drivers/parport/parport_pc.c
+++ b/drivers/parport/parport_pc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Low-level parallel-port routines for 8255-based PC-style hardware.
  *
  * Authors: Phil Blundell <philb@gnu.org>
diff --git a/drivers/parport/parport_sunbpp.c b/drivers/parport/parport_sunbpp.c
index 8de3295..d5a669b 100644
--- a/drivers/parport/parport_sunbpp.c
+++ b/drivers/parport/parport_sunbpp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* parport_sunbpp.c: Parallel-port routines for SBUS
  * 
  * Author: Derrick J. Brashear <shadow@dementia.org>
diff --git a/drivers/pcmcia/db1xxx_ss.c b/drivers/pcmcia/db1xxx_ss.c
index 19e1782..eb6168e 100644
--- a/drivers/pcmcia/db1xxx_ss.c
+++ b/drivers/pcmcia/db1xxx_ss.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * PCMCIA socket code for the Alchemy Db1xxx/Pb1xxx boards.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/pcmcia/i82092.c b/drivers/pcmcia/i82092.c
index aae7e6d..ec54a2a 100644
--- a/drivers/pcmcia/i82092.c
+++ b/drivers/pcmcia/i82092.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* 
  * Driver for Intel I82092AA PCI-PCMCIA bridge.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/pcmcia/sa1111_generic.c b/drivers/pcmcia/sa1111_generic.c
index 5ef351f..11783410 100644
--- a/drivers/pcmcia/sa1111_generic.c
+++ b/drivers/pcmcia/sa1111_generic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/drivers/pcmcia/sa1111_generic.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/pcmcia/xxs1500_ss.c b/drivers/pcmcia/xxs1500_ss.c
index b2a1895..b11c7ab 100644
--- a/drivers/pcmcia/xxs1500_ss.c
+++ b/drivers/pcmcia/xxs1500_ss.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * PCMCIA socket code for the MyCable XXS1500 system.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/pcmcia/yenta_socket.c b/drivers/pcmcia/yenta_socket.c
index ac6a3f4..810761a 100644
--- a/drivers/pcmcia/yenta_socket.c
+++ b/drivers/pcmcia/yenta_socket.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Regular cardbus driver ("yenta_socket")
  *
diff --git a/drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-mcp23s08.c b/drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-mcp23s08.c
index f0cdb52..568ca96 100644
--- a/drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-mcp23s08.c
+++ b/drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-mcp23s08.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* MCP23S08 SPI/I2C GPIO driver */
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-u300.c b/drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-u300.c
index 2b1a61d..348423b 100644
--- a/drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-u300.c
+++ b/drivers/pinctrl/pinctrl-u300.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Driver for the U300 pin controller
  *
diff --git a/drivers/platform/mips/cpu_hwmon.c b/drivers/platform/mips/cpu_hwmon.c
index 42efcb8..a7f184b 100644
--- a/drivers/platform/mips/cpu_hwmon.c
+++ b/drivers/platform/mips/cpu_hwmon.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/reboot.h>
diff --git a/drivers/power/supply/ltc2941-battery-gauge.c b/drivers/power/supply/ltc2941-battery-gauge.c
index 4f129bb..da49436 100644
--- a/drivers/power/supply/ltc2941-battery-gauge.c
+++ b/drivers/power/supply/ltc2941-battery-gauge.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * I2C client/driver for the Linear Technology LTC2941, LTC2942, LTC2943
  * and LTC2944 Battery Gas Gauge IC
diff --git a/drivers/power/supply/twl4030_madc_battery.c b/drivers/power/supply/twl4030_madc_battery.c
index 4d41acb..48649dc 100644
--- a/drivers/power/supply/twl4030_madc_battery.c
+++ b/drivers/power/supply/twl4030_madc_battery.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Dumb driver for LiIon batteries using TWL4030 madc.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/rtc/rtc-bq4802.c b/drivers/rtc/rtc-bq4802.c
index 113493b..472e756 100644
--- a/drivers/rtc/rtc-bq4802.c
+++ b/drivers/rtc/rtc-bq4802.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* rtc-bq4802.c: TI BQ4802 RTC driver.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2008 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1216.c b/drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1216.c
index 50fabe1..b225bcf 100644
--- a/drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1216.c
+++ b/drivers/rtc/rtc-ds1216.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Dallas DS1216 RTC driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/rtc/rtc-generic.c b/drivers/rtc/rtc-generic.c
index 1bf5d23..89ae78e9 100644
--- a/drivers/rtc/rtc-generic.c
+++ b/drivers/rtc/rtc-generic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* rtc-generic: RTC driver using the generic RTC abstraction
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2008 Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
diff --git a/drivers/rtc/rtc-msm6242.c b/drivers/rtc/rtc-msm6242.c
index 0c72a2e..1c2d3c4 100644
--- a/drivers/rtc/rtc-msm6242.c
+++ b/drivers/rtc/rtc-msm6242.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Oki MSM6242 RTC Driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/rtc/rtc-r7301.c b/drivers/rtc/rtc-r7301.c
index 1943c81..2498278 100644
--- a/drivers/rtc/rtc-r7301.c
+++ b/drivers/rtc/rtc-r7301.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * EPSON TOYOCOM RTC-7301SF/DG Driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/rtc/rtc-rp5c01.c b/drivers/rtc/rtc-rp5c01.c
index f1c160f..8776ead 100644
--- a/drivers/rtc/rtc-rp5c01.c
+++ b/drivers/rtc/rtc-rp5c01.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Ricoh RP5C01 RTC Driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/sbus/char/bbc_i2c.c b/drivers/sbus/char/bbc_i2c.c
index 129967a..537e55c 100644
--- a/drivers/sbus/char/bbc_i2c.c
+++ b/drivers/sbus/char/bbc_i2c.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* bbc_i2c.c: I2C low-level driver for BBC device on UltraSPARC-III
  *            platforms.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/sbus/char/display7seg.c b/drivers/sbus/char/display7seg.c
index a36e4cf..971fe07 100644
--- a/drivers/sbus/char/display7seg.c
+++ b/drivers/sbus/char/display7seg.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* display7seg.c - Driver implementation for the 7-segment display
  *                 present on Sun Microsystems CP1400 and CP1500
  *
diff --git a/drivers/sbus/char/envctrl.c b/drivers/sbus/char/envctrl.c
index 1a6e722..a63d5e4 100644
--- a/drivers/sbus/char/envctrl.c
+++ b/drivers/sbus/char/envctrl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* envctrl.c: Temperature and Fan monitoring on Machines providing it.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1998  Eddie C. Dost  (ecd@skynet.be)
diff --git a/drivers/sbus/char/flash.c b/drivers/sbus/char/flash.c
index 515dc1f..e85a05a 100644
--- a/drivers/sbus/char/flash.c
+++ b/drivers/sbus/char/flash.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* flash.c: Allow mmap access to the OBP Flash, for OBP updates.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1997  Eddie C. Dost  (ecd@skynet.be)
diff --git a/drivers/sbus/char/uctrl.c b/drivers/sbus/char/uctrl.c
index 0a50133..7173a2e 100644
--- a/drivers/sbus/char/uctrl.c
+++ b/drivers/sbus/char/uctrl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* uctrl.c: TS102 Microcontroller interface on Tadpole Sparcbook 3
  *
  * Copyright 1999 Derrick J Brashear (shadow@dementia.org)
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/a2091.c b/drivers/scsi/a2091.c
index c96bc72..564b354 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/a2091.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/a2091.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/a3000.c b/drivers/scsi/a3000.c
index dcf435f..222c77c 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/a3000.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/a3000.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/ioport.h>
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/a4000t.c b/drivers/scsi/a4000t.c
index 66c5730..5e575af 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/a4000t.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/a4000t.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Detection routine for the NCR53c710 based Amiga SCSI Controllers for Linux.
  *		Amiga Technologies A4000T SCSI controller.
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/aha1542.c b/drivers/scsi/aha1542.c
index ba7a572..dc5667a 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/aha1542.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/aha1542.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Driver for Adaptec AHA-1542 SCSI host adapters
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/am53c974.c b/drivers/scsi/am53c974.c
index 27c0a4a..b69edb4 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/am53c974.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/am53c974.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * AMD am53c974 driver.
  * Copyright (c) 2014 Hannes Reinecke, SUSE Linux GmbH
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/arm/arxescsi.c b/drivers/scsi/arm/arxescsi.c
index 5e9dd9f..5914141 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/arm/arxescsi.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/arm/arxescsi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/drivers/scsi/arm/arxescsi.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/arm/cumana_1.c b/drivers/scsi/arm/cumana_1.c
index e2d2a81..3fd9443 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/arm/cumana_1.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/arm/cumana_1.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Generic Generic NCR5380 driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/arm/oak.c b/drivers/scsi/arm/oak.c
index 8f2efaa..7c9d361 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/arm/oak.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/arm/oak.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Oak Generic NCR5380 driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/atp870u.c b/drivers/scsi/atp870u.c
index 446a789..e41f0bb 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/atp870u.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/atp870u.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* 
  *  Copyright (C) 1997	Wu Ching Chen
  *  2.1.x update (C) 1998  Krzysztof G. Baranowski
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/bvme6000_scsi.c b/drivers/scsi/bvme6000_scsi.c
index 0f846ae..8d72b25 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/bvme6000_scsi.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/bvme6000_scsi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Detection routine for the NCR53c710 based BVME6000 SCSI Controllers for Linux.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/ch.c b/drivers/scsi/ch.c
index 1c5051b..5f8153c 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/ch.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/ch.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * SCSI Media Changer device driver for Linux 2.6
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/esp_scsi.c b/drivers/scsi/esp_scsi.c
index 76fd02c..76e7ca8 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/esp_scsi.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/esp_scsi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* esp_scsi.c: ESP SCSI driver.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/g_NCR5380.c b/drivers/scsi/g_NCR5380.c
index 9cdca06..2ab774e 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/g_NCR5380.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/g_NCR5380.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Generic Generic NCR5380 driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/gvp11.c b/drivers/scsi/gvp11.c
index d2acd0d..11df0ec 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/gvp11.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/gvp11.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/imm.c b/drivers/scsi/imm.c
index 64ae418..9751309 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/imm.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/imm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* imm.c   --  low level driver for the IOMEGA MatchMaker
  * parallel port SCSI host adapter.
  * 
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/jazz_esp.c b/drivers/scsi/jazz_esp.c
index 1ad2826..7f683e4 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/jazz_esp.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/jazz_esp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* jazz_esp.c: ESP front-end for MIPS JAZZ systems.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007 Thomas Bogendörfer (tsbogend@alpha.frankende)
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/mac53c94.c b/drivers/scsi/mac53c94.c
index c8e6ae9..35d3e32 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/mac53c94.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/mac53c94.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * SCSI low-level driver for the 53c94 SCSI bus adaptor found
  * on Power Macintosh computers, controlling the external SCSI chain.
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/mac_esp.c b/drivers/scsi/mac_esp.c
index ee74120..1c78bc10 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/mac_esp.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/mac_esp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* mac_esp.c: ESP front-end for Macintosh Quadra systems.
  *
  * Adapted from jazz_esp.c and the old mac_esp.c.
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/mac_scsi.c b/drivers/scsi/mac_scsi.c
index 8b4b5b1..dba9517 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/mac_scsi.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/mac_scsi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Generic Macintosh NCR5380 driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/mesh.c b/drivers/scsi/mesh.c
index c9dc774..74fb506 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/mesh.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/mesh.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * SCSI low-level driver for the MESH (Macintosh Enhanced SCSI Hardware)
  * bus adaptor found on Power Macintosh computers.
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/mvme16x_scsi.c b/drivers/scsi/mvme16x_scsi.c
index 050c8c3..21d63829 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/mvme16x_scsi.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/mvme16x_scsi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Detection routine for the NCR53c710 based MVME16x SCSI Controllers for Linux.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/osst.c b/drivers/scsi/osst.c
index 4bad544..815bb40 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/osst.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/osst.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
   SCSI Tape Driver for Linux version 1.1 and newer. See the accompanying
   file Documentation/scsi/st.txt for more information.
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/qlogicpti.c b/drivers/scsi/qlogicpti.c
index 0e22512..9335849 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/qlogicpti.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/qlogicpti.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* qlogicpti.c: Performance Technologies QlogicISP sbus card driver.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1996, 2006, 2008 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/scsi.c b/drivers/scsi/scsi.c
index 99a7b9f..653d5ea 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/scsi.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/scsi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  scsi.c Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt
  *         Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1999 Eric Youngdale
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/sd.c b/drivers/scsi/sd.c
index ebc80354..c0f12ad 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/sd.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/sd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *      sd.c Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt
  *           Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1999 Eric Youngdale
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/sr.c b/drivers/scsi/sr.c
index c3f443d..4664fdf 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/sr.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/sr.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  sr.c Copyright (C) 1992 David Giller
  *           Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1999 Eric Youngdale
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/st.c b/drivers/scsi/st.c
index 3c6a18a..baada5b 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/st.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/st.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
    SCSI Tape Driver for Linux version 1.1 and newer. See the accompanying
    file Documentation/scsi/st.txt for more information.
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/sun3_scsi.c b/drivers/scsi/sun3_scsi.c
index 95a7ea7..3d80ab6 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/sun3_scsi.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/sun3_scsi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Sun3 SCSI stuff by Erik Verbruggen (erik@bigmama.xtdnet.nl)
  *
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/sun3x_esp.c b/drivers/scsi/sun3x_esp.c
index c9a55d0..440a73e 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/sun3x_esp.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/sun3x_esp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* sun3x_esp.c: ESP front-end for Sun3x systems.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007,2008 Thomas Bogendoerfer (tsbogend@alpha.franken.de)
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/sun_esp.c b/drivers/scsi/sun_esp.c
index c71bd01..964130d 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/sun_esp.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/sun_esp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* sun_esp.c: ESP front-end for Sparc SBUS systems.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/wd719x.c b/drivers/scsi/wd719x.c
index e3310e9..c2f4006 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/wd719x.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/wd719x.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Driver for Western Digital WD7193, WD7197 and WD7296 SCSI cards
  * Copyright 2013 Ondrej Zary
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/zalon.c b/drivers/scsi/zalon.c
index 4722660..77bce20 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/zalon.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/zalon.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Zalon 53c7xx device driver.
  * By Richard Hirst (rhirst@linuxcare.com)
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/zorro7xx.c b/drivers/scsi/zorro7xx.c
index aff3199..27b9e2b 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/zorro7xx.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/zorro7xx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Detection routine for the NCR53c710 based Amiga SCSI Controllers for Linux.
  *		Amiga MacroSystemUS WarpEngine SCSI controller.
diff --git a/drivers/sn/ioc3.c b/drivers/sn/ioc3.c
index fb7ea0d..358025af 100644
--- a/drivers/sn/ioc3.c
+++ b/drivers/sn/ioc3.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * SGI IOC3 master driver and IRQ demuxer
  *
diff --git a/drivers/spi/spi-cavium-thunderx.c b/drivers/spi/spi-cavium-thunderx.c
index 8779377..d12e149 100644
--- a/drivers/spi/spi-cavium-thunderx.c
+++ b/drivers/spi/spi-cavium-thunderx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Cavium ThunderX SPI driver.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/spi/spi-jcore.c b/drivers/spi/spi-jcore.c
index 702fe573..cc49fa4 100644
--- a/drivers/spi/spi-jcore.c
+++ b/drivers/spi/spi-jcore.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * J-Core SPI controller driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/spi/spi-pxa2xx-pci.c b/drivers/spi/spi-pxa2xx-pci.c
index d456c52..f236e30 100644
--- a/drivers/spi/spi-pxa2xx-pci.c
+++ b/drivers/spi/spi-pxa2xx-pci.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * CE4100's SPI device is more or less the same one as found on PXA
  *
diff --git a/drivers/thermal/tango_thermal.c b/drivers/thermal/tango_thermal.c
index 4e67795..304b461 100644
--- a/drivers/thermal/tango_thermal.c
+++ b/drivers/thermal/tango_thermal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/io.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/drivers/thunderbolt/nhi.c b/drivers/thunderbolt/nhi.c
index cac1ead5..27fbe62 100644
--- a/drivers/thunderbolt/nhi.c
+++ b/drivers/thunderbolt/nhi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Thunderbolt driver - NHI driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/vhost/vringh.c b/drivers/vhost/vringh.c
index a94d700..08ad0d1 100644
--- a/drivers/vhost/vringh.c
+++ b/drivers/vhost/vringh.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Helpers for the host side of a virtio ring.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/video/backlight/backlight.c b/drivers/video/backlight/backlight.c
index deb824b..1ef8b6fd 100644
--- a/drivers/video/backlight/backlight.c
+++ b/drivers/video/backlight/backlight.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Backlight Lowlevel Control Abstraction
  *
diff --git a/drivers/video/backlight/lcd.c b/drivers/video/backlight/lcd.c
index 4b40c6a..151b187 100644
--- a/drivers/video/backlight/lcd.c
+++ b/drivers/video/backlight/lcd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * LCD Lowlevel Control Abstraction
  *
diff --git a/drivers/video/console/newport_con.c b/drivers/video/console/newport_con.c
index 7f2526b..00dddf6 100644
--- a/drivers/video/console/newport_con.c
+++ b/drivers/video/console/newport_con.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * newport_con.c: Abscon for newport hardware
  * 
diff --git a/drivers/video/console/sticore.c b/drivers/video/console/sticore.c
index ff45dca..84c3ca3 100644
--- a/drivers/video/console/sticore.c
+++ b/drivers/video/console/sticore.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/drivers/video/console/sticore.c -
  *	core code for console driver using HP's STI firmware
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/aty/aty128fb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/aty/aty128fb.c
index 6cc4686..7944348 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/aty/aty128fb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/aty/aty128fb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* $Id: aty128fb.c,v 1.1.1.1.36.1 1999/12/11 09:03:05 Exp $
  *  linux/drivers/video/aty128fb.c -- Frame buffer device for ATI Rage128
  *
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/bw2.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/bw2.c
index 7aa9720..436f10f 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/bw2.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/bw2.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* bw2.c: BWTWO frame buffer driver
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003, 2006 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/carminefb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/carminefb.c
index 65f7c15..9f3be02 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/carminefb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/carminefb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Frame buffer driver for the Carmine GPU.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/cg14.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/cg14.c
index a6dce1a..d80d99db 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/cg14.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/cg14.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* cg14.c: CGFOURTEEN frame buffer driver
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003, 2006 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/cg3.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/cg3.c
index 6d42def..09f616d 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/cg3.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/cg3.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* cg3.c: CGTHREE frame buffer driver
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003, 2006 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/cg6.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/cg6.c
index 0296c21..d5888ae 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/cg6.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/cg6.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* cg6.c: CGSIX (GX, GXplus, TGX) frame buffer driver
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003, 2006 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/dnfb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/dnfb.c
index 5505fa0..8da517e 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/dnfb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/dnfb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/ffb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/ffb.c
index b7aee0c..cd2d1db 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/ffb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/ffb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* ffb.c: Creator/Elite3D frame buffer driver
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003, 2006 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/gxt4500.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/gxt4500.c
index f4385462..37527a1 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/gxt4500.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/gxt4500.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Frame buffer device for IBM GXT4500P/6500P and GXT4000P/6000P
  * display adaptors
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/hpfb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/hpfb.c
index 9230db9..a79af8f 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/hpfb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/hpfb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	HP300 Topcat framebuffer support (derived from macfb of all things)
  *	Phil Blundell <philb@gnu.org> 1998
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/i740fb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/i740fb.c
index f6d7b04..24d3280 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/i740fb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/i740fb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * i740fb - framebuffer driver for Intel740
  * Copyright (c) 2011 Ondrej Zary
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/leo.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/leo.c
index 446ac33..5b1141a 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/leo.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/leo.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* leo.c: LEO frame buffer driver
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003, 2006 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/i2c-matroxfb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/i2c-matroxfb.c
index 0fb280ea..34e2659 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/i2c-matroxfb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/i2c-matroxfb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * Hardware accelerated Matrox Millennium I, II, Mystique, G100, G200, G400 and G450.
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_DAC1064.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_DAC1064.c
index b380a39..765e805 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_DAC1064.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_DAC1064.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * Hardware accelerated Matrox Millennium I, II, Mystique, G100, G200, G400 and G450.
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_Ti3026.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_Ti3026.c
index 9ff9be8..5617c01 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_Ti3026.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_Ti3026.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * Hardware accelerated Matrox Millennium I, II, Mystique, G100, G200 and G400
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_accel.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_accel.c
index 0d5cb85..9cb0685 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_accel.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_accel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * Hardware accelerated Matrox Millennium I, II, Mystique, G100, G200 and G400
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_base.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_base.c
index d11b5e6..c76bef0 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_base.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_base.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * Hardware accelerated Matrox Millennium I, II, Mystique, G100, G200 and G400
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_crtc2.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_crtc2.c
index f64e1d5..d2a81a2 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_crtc2.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_crtc2.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * Hardware accelerated Matrox Millennium I, II, Mystique, G100, G200, G400 and G450.
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_g450.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_g450.c
index f108ae6..df3309f 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_g450.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_g450.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * Hardware accelerated Matrox Millennium I, II, Mystique, G100, G200, G400 and G450.
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_maven.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_maven.c
index bf5ce04..eda893b 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_maven.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_maven.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * Hardware accelerated Matrox Millennium I, II, Mystique, G100, G200, G400 and G450.
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_misc.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_misc.c
index 9948ca2..c7aaca1 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_misc.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/matrox/matroxfb_misc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * Hardware accelerated Matrox Millennium I, II, Mystique, G100, G200 and G400
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/p9100.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/p9100.c
index c4283e9..8c18cc5 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/p9100.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/p9100.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* p9100.c: P9100 frame buffer driver
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003, 2006 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/pvr2fb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/pvr2fb.c
index 4e4d6a0..73d92d8 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/pvr2fb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/pvr2fb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * drivers/video/pvr2fb.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/sstfb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/sstfb.c
index f0cb279..4e22ae3 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/sstfb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/sstfb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/drivers/video/sstfb.c -- voodoo graphics frame buffer
  *
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/tcx.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/tcx.c
index c98d8a5..7897f86 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/tcx.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/tcx.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* tcx.c: TCX frame buffer driver
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003, 2006 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/tdfxfb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/tdfxfb.c
index fbbf26b..fdbb1ea 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/tdfxfb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/tdfxfb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  * tdfxfb.c
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/tridentfb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/tridentfb.c
index f4b7455..da74bf6 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/tridentfb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/tridentfb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Frame buffer driver for Trident TGUI, Blade and Image series
  *
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/uvesafb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/uvesafb.c
index d707fdb..439565c 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/uvesafb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/uvesafb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * A framebuffer driver for VBE 2.0+ compliant video cards
  *
diff --git a/drivers/video/fbdev/vesafb.c b/drivers/video/fbdev/vesafb.c
index dc1f9cf..d9c08f6 100644
--- a/drivers/video/fbdev/vesafb.c
+++ b/drivers/video/fbdev/vesafb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * framebuffer driver for VBE 2.0 compliant graphic boards
  *
diff --git a/drivers/virtio/virtio.c b/drivers/virtio/virtio.c
index 98b30f5..a977e32 100644
--- a/drivers/virtio/virtio.c
+++ b/drivers/virtio/virtio.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/virtio.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/virtio_config.h>
diff --git a/drivers/virtio/virtio_input.c b/drivers/virtio/virtio_input.c
index 3a0468f..5ae5296 100644
--- a/drivers/virtio/virtio_input.c
+++ b/drivers/virtio/virtio_input.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/virtio.h>
 #include <linux/virtio_config.h>
diff --git a/drivers/watchdog/alim7101_wdt.c b/drivers/watchdog/alim7101_wdt.c
index 689b8a0..c8e3ab0 100644
--- a/drivers/watchdog/alim7101_wdt.c
+++ b/drivers/watchdog/alim7101_wdt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	ALi M7101 PMU Computer Watchdog Timer driver
  *
diff --git a/drivers/watchdog/cpwd.c b/drivers/watchdog/cpwd.c
index b5b078b..b973b31 100644
--- a/drivers/watchdog/cpwd.c
+++ b/drivers/watchdog/cpwd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* cpwd.c - driver implementation for hardware watchdog
  * timers found on Sun Microsystems CP1400 and CP1500 boards.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/watchdog/diag288_wdt.c b/drivers/watchdog/diag288_wdt.c
index 806a04a..181440b 100644
--- a/drivers/watchdog/diag288_wdt.c
+++ b/drivers/watchdog/diag288_wdt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Watchdog driver for z/VM and LPAR using the diag 288 interface.
  *
diff --git a/drivers/watchdog/pcwd.c b/drivers/watchdog/pcwd.c
index a3415cf..1b2cf5b 100644
--- a/drivers/watchdog/pcwd.c
+++ b/drivers/watchdog/pcwd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * PC Watchdog Driver
  * by Ken Hollis (khollis@bitgate.com)
diff --git a/drivers/watchdog/pika_wdt.c b/drivers/watchdog/pika_wdt.c
index 8938b3f..205c3c6 100644
--- a/drivers/watchdog/pika_wdt.c
+++ b/drivers/watchdog/pika_wdt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * PIKA FPGA based Watchdog Timer
  *
diff --git a/drivers/watchdog/riowd.c b/drivers/watchdog/riowd.c
index f7f7a7a..41a2a11 100644
--- a/drivers/watchdog/riowd.c
+++ b/drivers/watchdog/riowd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* riowd.c - driver for hw watchdog inside Super I/O of RIO
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2001, 2008 David S. Miller (davem@davemloft.net)
diff --git a/drivers/xen/privcmd.c b/drivers/xen/privcmd.c
index b24ddac..1ff38d8 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/privcmd.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/privcmd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /******************************************************************************
  * privcmd.c
  *
diff --git a/drivers/xen/tmem.c b/drivers/xen/tmem.c
index 04e7b3b..64d7479 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/tmem.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/tmem.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Xen implementation for transcendent memory (tmem)
  *
diff --git a/drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_probe_frontend.c b/drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_probe_frontend.c
index 07896f4..a7d90a7 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_probe_frontend.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/xenbus/xenbus_probe_frontend.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #define DPRINTK(fmt, ...)				\
diff --git a/drivers/xen/xenfs/super.c b/drivers/xen/xenfs/super.c
index 71ddfb4..20c1448 100644
--- a/drivers/xen/xenfs/super.c
+++ b/drivers/xen/xenfs/super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  xenfs.c - a filesystem for passing info between the a domain and
  *  the hypervisor.
diff --git a/fs/affs/super.c b/fs/affs/super.c
index 7370228..e7d036e 100644
--- a/fs/affs/super.c
+++ b/fs/affs/super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/affs/inode.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/befs/linuxvfs.c b/fs/befs/linuxvfs.c
index e273850..462d096 100644
--- a/fs/befs/linuxvfs.c
+++ b/fs/befs/linuxvfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/befs/linuxvfs.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/bfs/inode.c b/fs/bfs/inode.c
index dc0cd2a..5e97bed 100644
--- a/fs/bfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/bfs/inode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	fs/bfs/inode.c
  *	BFS superblock and inode operations.
diff --git a/fs/binfmt_aout.c b/fs/binfmt_aout.c
index 1fefd87..8e8346a 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_aout.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_aout.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/binfmt_aout.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/binfmt_elf.c b/fs/binfmt_elf.c
index fa9e99a..8264b46 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_elf.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_elf.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/binfmt_elf.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/binfmt_em86.c b/fs/binfmt_em86.c
index dd2d3f0..4664978 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_em86.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_em86.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/binfmt_em86.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/binfmt_misc.c b/fs/binfmt_misc.c
index aa4a7a2..b8e1455 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_misc.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_misc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * binfmt_misc.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/binfmt_script.c b/fs/binfmt_script.c
index e996174c..e9e6a6f4 100644
--- a/fs/binfmt_script.c
+++ b/fs/binfmt_script.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/binfmt_script.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/ceph/super.c b/fs/ceph/super.c
index c864b44..01be7c1 100644
--- a/fs/ceph/super.c
+++ b/fs/ceph/super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 #include <linux/ceph/ceph_debug.h>
 
diff --git a/fs/crypto/crypto.c b/fs/crypto/crypto.c
index 68e2ca4..335a362 100644
--- a/fs/crypto/crypto.c
+++ b/fs/crypto/crypto.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This contains encryption functions for per-file encryption.
  *
diff --git a/fs/efs/inode.c b/fs/efs/inode.c
index cdf0872..89e73a6 100644
--- a/fs/efs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/efs/inode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * inode.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/exportfs/expfs.c b/fs/exportfs/expfs.c
index c69927be..f0e5497 100644
--- a/fs/exportfs/expfs.c
+++ b/fs/exportfs/expfs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (C) Neil Brown 2002
  * Copyright (C) Christoph Hellwig 2007
diff --git a/fs/ext2/super.c b/fs/ext2/super.c
index 3988633..1d7ab73 100644
--- a/fs/ext2/super.c
+++ b/fs/ext2/super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/ext2/super.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/fat/inode.c b/fs/fat/inode.c
index ba93d13..05689198 100644
--- a/fs/fat/inode.c
+++ b/fs/fat/inode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/fat/inode.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/fat/namei_msdos.c b/fs/fat/namei_msdos.c
index f2cd365..9d06288 100644
--- a/fs/fat/namei_msdos.c
+++ b/fs/fat/namei_msdos.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/msdos/namei.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/fat/namei_vfat.c b/fs/fat/namei_vfat.c
index 996c8c2..0cdd0fb 100644
--- a/fs/fat/namei_vfat.c
+++ b/fs/fat/namei_vfat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/vfat/namei.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/hfsplus/super.c b/fs/hfsplus/super.c
index 0cc5feff..2b9e574 100644
--- a/fs/hfsplus/super.c
+++ b/fs/hfsplus/super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/hfsplus/super.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/hpfs/super.c b/fs/hpfs/super.c
index ed4264b..9db6d84 100644
--- a/fs/hpfs/super.c
+++ b/fs/hpfs/super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/hpfs/super.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/isofs/inode.c b/fs/isofs/inode.c
index 603b052..9e30d87 100644
--- a/fs/isofs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/isofs/inode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/isofs/inode.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/lockd/svc.c b/fs/lockd/svc.c
index 3056f3a..1a639e3 100644
--- a/fs/lockd/svc.c
+++ b/fs/lockd/svc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/fs/lockd/svc.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/mbcache.c b/fs/mbcache.c
index 081ccf0..97c54d3 100644
--- a/fs/mbcache.c
+++ b/fs/mbcache.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/list.h>
diff --git a/fs/minix/inode.c b/fs/minix/inode.c
index 1012007..f96073f 100644
--- a/fs/minix/inode.c
+++ b/fs/minix/inode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/minix/inode.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayout.c b/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayout.c
index 9920c52..bcff3bf 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayout.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/flexfilelayout/flexfilelayout.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Module for pnfs flexfile layout driver.
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/inode.c b/fs/nfs/inode.c
index 3bc2550..0b4a1a9 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/inode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/nfs/inode.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs2super.c b/fs/nfs/nfs2super.c
index 0a9782c..467f21e 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs2super.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs2super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2012 Netapp, Inc. All rights reserved.
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs3super.c b/fs/nfs/nfs3super.c
index 5c4394e..7c58094 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs3super.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs3super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2012 Netapp, Inc. All rights reserved.
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs/nfs4super.c b/fs/nfs/nfs4super.c
index 689977e..04c57066 100644
--- a/fs/nfs/nfs4super.c
+++ b/fs/nfs/nfs4super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2012 Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
  */
diff --git a/fs/nfs_common/grace.c b/fs/nfs_common/grace.c
index 5be08f0..b73d9dd 100644
--- a/fs/nfs_common/grace.c
+++ b/fs/nfs_common/grace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Common code for control of lockd and nfsv4 grace periods.
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfs_common/nfsacl.c b/fs/nfs_common/nfsacl.c
index 538f142..8ceb642 100644
--- a/fs/nfs_common/nfsacl.c
+++ b/fs/nfs_common/nfsacl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * fs/nfs_common/nfsacl.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/nfsd/nfsctl.c b/fs/nfsd/nfsctl.c
index 90972e1..62c58cf 100644
--- a/fs/nfsd/nfsctl.c
+++ b/fs/nfsd/nfsctl.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Syscall interface to knfsd.
  *
diff --git a/fs/openpromfs/inode.c b/fs/openpromfs/inode.c
index 46655e4..e6cb768 100644
--- a/fs/openpromfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/openpromfs/inode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* inode.c: /proc/openprom handling routines
  *
  * Copyright (C) 1996-1999 Jakub Jelinek  (jakub@redhat.com)
diff --git a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-mod.c b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-mod.c
index 82cf8b3..4f2d7ee 100644
--- a/fs/orangefs/orangefs-mod.c
+++ b/fs/orangefs/orangefs-mod.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * (C) 2001 Clemson University and The University of Chicago
  *
diff --git a/fs/qnx4/inode.c b/fs/qnx4/inode.c
index 48c70aa..922d083 100644
--- a/fs/qnx4/inode.c
+++ b/fs/qnx4/inode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * QNX4 file system, Linux implementation.
  *
diff --git a/fs/qnx6/inode.c b/fs/qnx6/inode.c
index 59cf45f..0f8b0ff 100644
--- a/fs/qnx6/inode.c
+++ b/fs/qnx6/inode.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * QNX6 file system, Linux implementation.
  *
diff --git a/fs/quota/quota_tree.c b/fs/quota/quota_tree.c
index bb3f59bc..a6f856f 100644
--- a/fs/quota/quota_tree.c
+++ b/fs/quota/quota_tree.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	vfsv0 quota IO operations on file
  */
diff --git a/fs/quota/quota_v1.c b/fs/quota/quota_v1.c
index 9f2b257..c740e55 100644
--- a/fs/quota/quota_v1.c
+++ b/fs/quota/quota_v1.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/quota.h>
diff --git a/fs/quota/quota_v2.c b/fs/quota/quota_v2.c
index 3c30034..53429c2 100644
--- a/fs/quota/quota_v2.c
+++ b/fs/quota/quota_v2.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	vfsv0 quota IO operations on file
  */
diff --git a/fs/sysv/super.c b/fs/sysv/super.c
index d3b2f54..d788b1d 100644
--- a/fs/sysv/super.c
+++ b/fs/sysv/super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/sysv/inode.c
  *
diff --git a/fs/ufs/super.c b/fs/ufs/super.c
index 84c0c51..3d247c0 100644
--- a/fs/ufs/super.c
+++ b/fs/ufs/super.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/fs/ufs/super.c
  *
diff --git a/lib/bitrev.c b/lib/bitrev.c
index 40ffda9..81b56e0 100644
--- a/lib/bitrev.c
+++ b/lib/bitrev.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_BITREVERSE
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/lib/interval_tree_test.c b/lib/interval_tree_test.c
index 75509a1..f37f4d4 100644
--- a/lib/interval_tree_test.c
+++ b/lib/interval_tree_test.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 #include <linux/interval_tree.h>
diff --git a/lib/lzo/lzo1x_compress.c b/lib/lzo/lzo1x_compress.c
index a8ede77..ba16c08 100644
--- a/lib/lzo/lzo1x_compress.c
+++ b/lib/lzo/lzo1x_compress.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  LZO1X Compressor from LZO
  *
diff --git a/lib/lzo/lzo1x_decompress_safe.c b/lib/lzo/lzo1x_decompress_safe.c
index 9e07e9e..2717c79 100644
--- a/lib/lzo/lzo1x_decompress_safe.c
+++ b/lib/lzo/lzo1x_decompress_safe.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  LZO1X Decompressor from LZO
  *
diff --git a/lib/math/prime_numbers.c b/lib/math/prime_numbers.c
index 550eec4..052f5b7 100644
--- a/lib/math/prime_numbers.c
+++ b/lib/math/prime_numbers.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "prime numbers: " fmt "\n"
 
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/lib/memory-notifier-error-inject.c b/lib/memory-notifier-error-inject.c
index e6239bf..2c46dde 100644
--- a/lib/memory-notifier-error-inject.c
+++ b/lib/memory-notifier-error-inject.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/memory.h>
diff --git a/lib/netdev-notifier-error-inject.c b/lib/netdev-notifier-error-inject.c
index 13e9c62..bb930f2 100644
--- a/lib/netdev-notifier-error-inject.c
+++ b/lib/netdev-notifier-error-inject.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
diff --git a/lib/notifier-error-inject.c b/lib/notifier-error-inject.c
index eb4a04a..3d2ba7c 100644
--- a/lib/notifier-error-inject.c
+++ b/lib/notifier-error-inject.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 
 #include "notifier-error-inject.h"
diff --git a/lib/of-reconfig-notifier-error-inject.c b/lib/of-reconfig-notifier-error-inject.c
index 8dc7986..b26f164 100644
--- a/lib/of-reconfig-notifier-error-inject.c
+++ b/lib/of-reconfig-notifier-error-inject.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/of.h>
diff --git a/lib/percpu_test.c b/lib/percpu_test.c
index 0b5d14d..4a3d70bb 100644
--- a/lib/percpu_test.c
+++ b/lib/percpu_test.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 
 /* validate @native and @pcp counter values match @expected */
diff --git a/lib/pm-notifier-error-inject.c b/lib/pm-notifier-error-inject.c
index c094b2d..5d89f0d 100644
--- a/lib/pm-notifier-error-inject.c
+++ b/lib/pm-notifier-error-inject.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/suspend.h>
diff --git a/lib/rbtree_test.c b/lib/rbtree_test.c
index b7055b2..62b8ee9 100644
--- a/lib/rbtree_test.c
+++ b/lib/rbtree_test.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 #include <linux/rbtree_augmented.h>
diff --git a/lib/test_bitmap.c b/lib/test_bitmap.c
index d3a501f..51a98f7 100644
--- a/lib/test_bitmap.c
+++ b/lib/test_bitmap.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Test cases for printf facility.
  */
diff --git a/lib/test_debug_virtual.c b/lib/test_debug_virtual.c
index bf864c7..b7cc0aa 100644
--- a/lib/test_debug_virtual.c
+++ b/lib/test_debug_virtual.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/lib/test_firmware.c b/lib/test_firmware.c
index 7222093e..787c146 100644
--- a/lib/test_firmware.c
+++ b/lib/test_firmware.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This module provides an interface to trigger and test firmware loading.
  *
diff --git a/lib/test_hash.c b/lib/test_hash.c
index cac20c5..0ee40b4 100644
--- a/lib/test_hash.c
+++ b/lib/test_hash.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Test cases for <linux/hash.h> and <linux/stringhash.h>
  * This just verifies that various ways of computing a hash
diff --git a/lib/test_list_sort.c b/lib/test_list_sort.c
index 5474f3f..1f017d3 100644
--- a/lib/test_list_sort.c
+++ b/lib/test_list_sort.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "list_sort_test: " fmt
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/lib/test_module.c b/lib/test_module.c
index 319b66f..debd19e 100644
--- a/lib/test_module.c
+++ b/lib/test_module.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This module emits "Hello, world" on printk when loaded.
  *
diff --git a/lib/test_printf.c b/lib/test_printf.c
index 93da0a5..944eb50 100644
--- a/lib/test_printf.c
+++ b/lib/test_printf.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Test cases for printf facility.
  */
diff --git a/lib/test_sort.c b/lib/test_sort.c
index 385c0ed..52edbe1 100644
--- a/lib/test_sort.c
+++ b/lib/test_sort.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/sort.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/lib/test_string.c b/lib/test_string.c
index 0fcdb82d..bf8def0 100644
--- a/lib/test_string.c
+++ b/lib/test_string.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/printk.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
diff --git a/lib/zlib_deflate/deflate_syms.c b/lib/zlib_deflate/deflate_syms.c
index ccfe25f..72fe4b7 100644
--- a/lib/zlib_deflate/deflate_syms.c
+++ b/lib/zlib_deflate/deflate_syms.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/lib/zlib_deflate/deflate_syms.c
  *
diff --git a/lib/zlib_inflate/inflate_syms.c b/lib/zlib_inflate/inflate_syms.c
index 67329fe..9720114 100644
--- a/lib/zlib_inflate/inflate_syms.c
+++ b/lib/zlib_inflate/inflate_syms.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/lib/zlib_inflate/inflate_syms.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/hwpoison-inject.c b/mm/hwpoison-inject.c
index b6ac706..1a7497d 100644
--- a/mm/hwpoison-inject.c
+++ b/mm/hwpoison-inject.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Inject a hwpoison memory failure on a arbitrary pfn */
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
diff --git a/mm/z3fold.c b/mm/z3fold.c
index 1ffecd6..99be52c 100644
--- a/mm/z3fold.c
+++ b/mm/z3fold.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * z3fold.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/zbud.c b/mm/zbud.c
index 28458f7..de5dd4d 100644
--- a/mm/zbud.c
+++ b/mm/zbud.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * zbud.c
  *
diff --git a/mm/zpool.c b/mm/zpool.c
index 01a771e..a2dd910 100644
--- a/mm/zpool.c
+++ b/mm/zpool.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * zpool memory storage api
  *
diff --git a/net/atm/br2684.c b/net/atm/br2684.c
index 10462de..3e17a5e 100644
--- a/net/atm/br2684.c
+++ b/net/atm/br2684.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Ethernet netdevice using ATM AAL5 as underlying carrier
  * (RFC1483 obsoleted by RFC2684) for Linux
diff --git a/net/atm/clip.c b/net/atm/clip.c
index b9e67e58..a7972da 100644
--- a/net/atm/clip.c
+++ b/net/atm/clip.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* net/atm/clip.c - RFC1577 Classical IP over ATM */
 
 /* Written 1995-2000 by Werner Almesberger, EPFL LRC/ICA */
diff --git a/net/atm/common.c b/net/atm/common.c
index a38c174..b7528e77 100644
--- a/net/atm/common.c
+++ b/net/atm/common.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* net/atm/common.c - ATM sockets (common part for PVC and SVC) */
 
 /* Written 1995-2000 by Werner Almesberger, EPFL LRC/ICA */
diff --git a/net/atm/lec.c b/net/atm/lec.c
index a031149..5a77c23 100644
--- a/net/atm/lec.c
+++ b/net/atm/lec.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * lec.c: Lan Emulation driver
  *
diff --git a/net/atm/mpc.c b/net/atm/mpc.c
index 24b53c4..033871e 100644
--- a/net/atm/mpc.c
+++ b/net/atm/mpc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ":%s: " fmt, __func__
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_802_3.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_802_3.c
index 5fc4aff..2c8fe24 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_802_3.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_802_3.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * 802_3
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_among.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_among.c
index 620e54f..96f7243 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_among.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_among.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_among
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_arp.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_arp.c
index 2271422..0707cc00 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_arp.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_arp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_arp
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_arpreply.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_arpreply.c
index db85230..d9e77e2 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_arpreply.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_arpreply.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_arpreply
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_dnat.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_dnat.c
index dfc86a0..eeae23a 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_dnat.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_dnat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_dnat
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_ip.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_ip.c
index ffaa8ce2..df37249 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_ip.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_ip.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_ip
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_ip6.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_ip6.c
index 2a5a52a..f3225bc 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_ip6.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_ip6.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_ip6
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_limit.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_limit.c
index 165b9d6..fa19955 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_limit.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_limit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_limit
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_log.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_log.c
index 707caea..e2eea1d 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_log.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_log.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_log
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_mark.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_mark.c
index 19f0f95..21fd3d3 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_mark.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_mark.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_mark
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_mark_m.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_mark_m.c
index d98baef..81fb59d 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_mark_m.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_mark_m.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_mark_m
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_nflog.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_nflog.c
index da1c2fd..61bf8f4 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_nflog.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_nflog.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * ebt_nflog
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_pkttype.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_pkttype.c
index 496a565..c9e3061 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_pkttype.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_pkttype.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_pkttype
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_redirect.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_redirect.c
index a7223ea..53ef08e 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_redirect.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_redirect.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_redirect
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_snat.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_snat.c
index 11cf9e9..700d338 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_snat.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_snat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_snat
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_stp.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_stp.c
index 46c1fe7..0d6d20c 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_stp.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebt_stp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebt_stp
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_broute.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_broute.c
index ec2652a..66e7af1 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_broute.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_broute.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebtable_broute
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_filter.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_filter.c
index 550324c..78cb9b2 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_filter.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_filter.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebtable_filter
  *
diff --git a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_nat.c b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_nat.c
index c0fb3ca..0888936 100644
--- a/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_nat.c
+++ b/net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_nat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  ebtable_nat
  *
diff --git a/net/ceph/ceph_common.c b/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
index 79eac465..1c811c7 100644
--- a/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
+++ b/net/ceph/ceph_common.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 #include <linux/ceph/ceph_debug.h>
 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
diff --git a/net/core/drop_monitor.c b/net/core/drop_monitor.c
index d4ce054..4ea4347 100644
--- a/net/core/drop_monitor.c
+++ b/net/core/drop_monitor.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Monitoring code for network dropped packet alerts
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/ah4.c b/net/ipv4/ah4.c
index c01fa79..9c3afd5 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/ah4.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/ah4.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "IPsec: " fmt
 
 #include <crypto/algapi.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv4/esp4.c b/net/ipv4/esp4.c
index fb065a8..b9ae955 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/esp4.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/esp4.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "IPsec: " fmt
 
 #include <crypto/aead.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv4/fou.c b/net/ipv4/fou.c
index ca95051..30fa771d 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/fou.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/fou.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/socket.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv4/netfilter/arp_tables.c b/net/ipv4/netfilter/arp_tables.c
index 2dc83de..214154b 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/netfilter/arp_tables.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/netfilter/arp_tables.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Packet matching code for ARP packets.
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/netfilter/arpt_mangle.c b/net/ipv4/netfilter/arpt_mangle.c
index a5e52a9..87ca2c4 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/netfilter/arpt_mangle.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/netfilter/arpt_mangle.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* module that allows mangling of the arp payload */
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/netfilter.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv4/netfilter/arptable_filter.c b/net/ipv4/netfilter/arptable_filter.c
index 8f8713b..c216b9a 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/netfilter/arptable_filter.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/netfilter/arptable_filter.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Filtering ARP tables module.
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_raw.c b/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_raw.c
index 960625a..6eefde5 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_raw.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_raw.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * 'raw' table, which is the very first hooked in at PRE_ROUTING and LOCAL_OUT .
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ipv4.c b/net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ipv4.c
index e1e56d7..012c404 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ipv4.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ipv4.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_nat_pptp.c b/net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_nat_pptp.c
index e17b4ee..b2aeb7b 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_nat_pptp.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_nat_pptp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * nf_nat_pptp.c
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/raw_diag.c b/net/ipv4/raw_diag.c
index c200065..899e34c 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/raw_diag.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/raw_diag.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 
 #include <linux/inet_diag.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_bic.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_bic.c
index fc36143..645cc30 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_bic.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_bic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Binary Increase Congestion control for TCP
  * Home page:
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_cdg.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_cdg.c
index 37eebd9..709d238 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_cdg.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_cdg.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * CAIA Delay-Gradient (CDG) congestion control
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_cubic.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_cubic.c
index 78bfadf..1b3d032 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_cubic.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_cubic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * TCP CUBIC: Binary Increase Congestion control for TCP v2.3
  * Home page:
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_highspeed.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_highspeed.c
index d1c33c9..bfdfbb9 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_highspeed.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_highspeed.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Sally Floyd's High Speed TCP (RFC 3649) congestion control
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_htcp.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_htcp.c
index 082d479..88e1f01 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_htcp.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_htcp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * H-TCP congestion control. The algorithm is detailed in:
  * R.N.Shorten, D.J.Leith:
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_hybla.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_hybla.c
index 0f7175c..be39327 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_hybla.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_hybla.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * TCP HYBLA
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_illinois.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_illinois.c
index faddf4f..00e5487 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_illinois.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_illinois.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * TCP Illinois congestion control.
  * Home page:
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_lp.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_lp.c
index ae10ed6..8c643a4 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_lp.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_lp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * TCP Low Priority (TCP-LP)
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_nv.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_nv.c
index 764298e..95db7a1 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_nv.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_nv.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * TCP NV: TCP with Congestion Avoidance
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_scalable.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_scalable.c
index addc122..471571e 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_scalable.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_scalable.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* Tom Kelly's Scalable TCP
  *
  * See http://www.deneholme.net/tom/scalable/
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_vegas.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_vegas.c
index ee113ff..3f51e78 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_vegas.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_vegas.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * TCP Vegas congestion control
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_veno.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_veno.c
index 6fcf482..3b36bb1a 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_veno.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_veno.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * TCP Veno congestion control
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_westwood.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_westwood.c
index bec9caf..b2e05c4 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_westwood.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_westwood.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * TCP Westwood+: end-to-end bandwidth estimation for TCP
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tcp_yeah.c b/net/ipv4/tcp_yeah.c
index 96e829b2..e00570d 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tcp_yeah.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tcp_yeah.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *
  *   YeAH TCP
diff --git a/net/ipv4/tunnel4.c b/net/ipv4/tunnel4.c
index 33bf8e9..c4b2ccb 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/tunnel4.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/tunnel4.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* tunnel4.c: Generic IP tunnel transformer.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003 David S. Miller (davem@redhat.com)
diff --git a/net/ipv4/udp_tunnel.c b/net/ipv4/udp_tunnel.c
index e93cc03..150e6f0 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/udp_tunnel.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/udp_tunnel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/socket.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv4/xfrm4_tunnel.c b/net/ipv4/xfrm4_tunnel.c
index 06347db..5d00e54 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/xfrm4_tunnel.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/xfrm4_tunnel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* xfrm4_tunnel.c: Generic IP tunnel transformer.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2003 David S. Miller (davem@redhat.com)
diff --git a/net/ipv6/fou6.c b/net/ipv6/fou6.c
index ec4e2ed..091f941 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/fou6.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/fou6.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/socket.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv6/ip6_udp_tunnel.c b/net/ipv6/ip6_udp_tunnel.c
index 25430c9..58956a6 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/ip6_udp_tunnel.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/ip6_udp_tunnel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/socket.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_raw.c b/net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_raw.c
index 710fa08..3f7d469 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_raw.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_raw.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * IPv6 raw table, a port of the IPv4 raw table to IPv6
  *
diff --git a/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ipv6.c b/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ipv6.c
index c511d20..f6d9a48 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ipv6.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_flow_table_ipv6.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_tproxy_ipv6.c b/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_tproxy_ipv6.c
index 5dfd33a..34d51cd4 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_tproxy_ipv6.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_tproxy_ipv6.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <net/netfilter/nf_tproxy.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <net/inet6_hashtables.h>
diff --git a/net/iucv/af_iucv.c b/net/iucv/af_iucv.c
index 78ea5a7..36eb8d1 100644
--- a/net/iucv/af_iucv.c
+++ b/net/iucv/af_iucv.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  IUCV protocol stack for Linux on zSeries
  *
diff --git a/net/mpls/af_mpls.c b/net/mpls/af_mpls.c
index baa0982..198ec4f 100644
--- a/net/mpls/af_mpls.c
+++ b/net/mpls/af_mpls.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/skbuff.h>
 #include <linux/socket.h>
diff --git a/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_pe_sip.c b/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_pe_sip.c
index d07ef9e..0ac6705 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_pe_sip.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_pe_sip.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define KMSG_COMPONENT "IPVS"
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KMSG_COMPONENT ": " fmt
 
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c
index 7554c56..82f36be 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conncount.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * count the number of connections matching an arbitrary key.
  *
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_pptp.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_pptp.c
index 976f1dc..b22042a 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_pptp.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_pptp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Connection tracking support for PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol).
  * PPTP is a a protocol for creating virtual private networks.
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c
index 4469519..948b4eb 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c
index 99771aa..593357a 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c b/net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c
index 7b827bc..f42326b 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_flow_offload.c b/net/netfilter/nft_flow_offload.c
index 69d7a84..ffb25d5 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nft_flow_offload.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nft_flow_offload.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_osf.c b/net/netfilter/nft_osf.c
index 87b60d6..f54d6ae 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nft_osf.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nft_osf.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <net/ip.h>
 #include <net/tcp.h>
 
diff --git a/net/netfilter/xt_TRACE.c b/net/netfilter/xt_TRACE.c
index 858d189..349ab56 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/xt_TRACE.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/xt_TRACE.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* This is a module which is used to mark packets for tracing.
  */
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/net/netfilter/xt_comment.c b/net/netfilter/xt_comment.c
index 5c861d2..f095557 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/xt_comment.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/xt_comment.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Implements a dummy match to allow attaching comments to rules
  *
diff --git a/net/netfilter/xt_hashlimit.c b/net/netfilter/xt_hashlimit.c
index a30536b..2d2691d 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/xt_hashlimit.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/xt_hashlimit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	xt_hashlimit - Netfilter module to limit the number of packets per time
  *	separately for each hashbucket (sourceip/sourceport/dstip/dstport)
diff --git a/net/netfilter/xt_ipvs.c b/net/netfilter/xt_ipvs.c
index 1d950a6..253c71c 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/xt_ipvs.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/xt_ipvs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	xt_ipvs - kernel module to match IPVS connection properties
  *
diff --git a/net/netfilter/xt_quota.c b/net/netfilter/xt_quota.c
index 10d61a6..4452cc9 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/xt_quota.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/xt_quota.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * netfilter module to enforce network quotas
  *
diff --git a/net/netfilter/xt_sctp.c b/net/netfilter/xt_sctp.c
index 2d2fa1d..680015b 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/xt_sctp.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/xt_sctp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/skbuff.h>
diff --git a/net/netfilter/xt_tcpudp.c b/net/netfilter/xt_tcpudp.c
index ade024c..11ec2ab 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/xt_tcpudp.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/xt_tcpudp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
diff --git a/net/netfilter/xt_u32.c b/net/netfilter/xt_u32.c
index a95b5034..177b40d 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/xt_u32.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/xt_u32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *	xt_u32 - kernel module to match u32 packet content
  *
diff --git a/net/netlink/diag.c b/net/netlink/diag.c
index 7dda33b..c6255ea 100644
--- a/net/netlink/diag.c
+++ b/net/netlink/diag.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 
 #include <net/sock.h>
diff --git a/net/packet/diag.c b/net/packet/diag.c
index 98abfd8..07812ae 100644
--- a/net/packet/diag.c
+++ b/net/packet/diag.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/sock_diag.h>
 #include <linux/net.h>
diff --git a/net/sched/cls_tcindex.c b/net/sched/cls_tcindex.c
index 9f4f420..e573e5a 100644
--- a/net/sched/cls_tcindex.c
+++ b/net/sched/cls_tcindex.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * net/sched/cls_tcindex.c	Packet classifier for skb->tc_index
  *
diff --git a/net/sched/sch_atm.c b/net/sched/sch_atm.c
index ae506c7..f4f9b8cd 100644
--- a/net/sched/sch_atm.c
+++ b/net/sched/sch_atm.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* net/sched/sch_atm.c - ATM VC selection "queueing discipline" */
 
 /* Written 1998-2000 by Werner Almesberger, EPFL ICA */
diff --git a/net/sched/sch_dsmark.c b/net/sched/sch_dsmark.c
index 3deeb06..bad1cbe 100644
--- a/net/sched/sch_dsmark.c
+++ b/net/sched/sch_dsmark.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* net/sched/sch_dsmark.c - Differentiated Services field marker */
 
 /* Written 1998-2000 by Werner Almesberger, EPFL ICA */
diff --git a/net/sched/sch_hhf.c b/net/sched/sch_hhf.c
index a28e09b..cee6971 100644
--- a/net/sched/sch_hhf.c
+++ b/net/sched/sch_hhf.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* net/sched/sch_hhf.c		Heavy-Hitter Filter (HHF)
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2013 Terry Lam <vtlam@google.com>
diff --git a/net/smc/af_smc.c b/net/smc/af_smc.c
index 086d991..0c874e9 100644
--- a/net/smc/af_smc.c
+++ b/net/smc/af_smc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  Shared Memory Communications over RDMA (SMC-R) and RoCE
  *
diff --git a/net/smc/smc_diag.c b/net/smc/smc_diag.c
index 371b4cf..f38727e 100644
--- a/net/smc/smc_diag.c
+++ b/net/smc/smc_diag.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Shared Memory Communications over RDMA (SMC-R) and RoCE
  *
diff --git a/net/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c b/net/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
index 56f9eff..f9edaa9 100644
--- a/net/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
+++ b/net/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * linux/net/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c
  *
diff --git a/net/unix/diag.c b/net/unix/diag.c
index 3183d9b8..c51a707 100644
--- a/net/unix/diag.c
+++ b/net/unix/diag.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/sock_diag.h>
diff --git a/net/wireless/core.c b/net/wireless/core.c
index b36ad8e..0378161 100644
--- a/net/wireless/core.c
+++ b/net/wireless/core.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * This is the linux wireless configuration interface.
  *
diff --git a/net/wireless/lib80211.c b/net/wireless/lib80211.c
index 801d478..cc7b9fd 100644
--- a/net/wireless/lib80211.c
+++ b/net/wireless/lib80211.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * lib80211 -- common bits for IEEE802.11 drivers
  *
diff --git a/net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c b/net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c
index eb8d143..1734772 100644
--- a/net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c
+++ b/net/xfrm/xfrm_user.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /* xfrm_user.c: User interface to configure xfrm engine.
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2002 David S. Miller (davem@redhat.com)
diff --git a/samples/kprobes/kprobe_example.c b/samples/kprobes/kprobe_example.c
index 02be898..d693c23 100644
--- a/samples/kprobes/kprobe_example.c
+++ b/samples/kprobes/kprobe_example.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * NOTE: This example is works on x86 and powerpc.
  * Here's a sample kernel module showing the use of kprobes to dump a
diff --git a/samples/kprobes/kretprobe_example.c b/samples/kprobes/kretprobe_example.c
index 7f9060f..186315c 100644
--- a/samples/kprobes/kretprobe_example.c
+++ b/samples/kprobes/kretprobe_example.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * kretprobe_example.c
  *
diff --git a/samples/trace_events/trace-events-sample.c b/samples/trace_events/trace-events-sample.c
index 5522692..1da597a 100644
--- a/samples/trace_events/trace-events-sample.c
+++ b/samples/trace_events/trace-events-sample.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
 
diff --git a/samples/trace_printk/trace-printk.c b/samples/trace_printk/trace-printk.c
index e9e0040f..7affc3b 100644
--- a/samples/trace_printk/trace-printk.c
+++ b/samples/trace_printk/trace-printk.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
 #include <linux/irq_work.h>
diff --git a/sound/drivers/pcsp/pcsp.c b/sound/drivers/pcsp/pcsp.c
index d83ad382..14aacd8 100644
--- a/sound/drivers/pcsp/pcsp.c
+++ b/sound/drivers/pcsp/pcsp.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * PC-Speaker driver for Linux
  *
diff --git a/sound/hda/hda_bus_type.c b/sound/hda/hda_bus_type.c
index 3060e2a..eea6b63 100644
--- a/sound/hda/hda_bus_type.c
+++ b/sound/hda/hda_bus_type.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * HD-audio bus
  */
diff --git a/sound/isa/adlib.c b/sound/isa/adlib.c
index 5fb619e..5105524 100644
--- a/sound/isa/adlib.c
+++ b/sound/isa/adlib.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * AdLib FM card driver.
  */
diff --git a/sound/isa/cmi8328.c b/sound/isa/cmi8328.c
index 6179775..250db35 100644
--- a/sound/isa/cmi8328.c
+++ b/sound/isa/cmi8328.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Driver for C-Media CMI8328-based soundcards, such as AudioExcel AV500
  * Copyright (c) 2012 Ondrej Zary
diff --git a/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_atari.c b/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_atari.c
index a1a2979..8365368 100644
--- a/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_atari.c
+++ b/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_atari.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_atari.c
  *
diff --git a/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_paula.c b/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_paula.c
index 81eb82c..23cf828 100644
--- a/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_paula.c
+++ b/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_paula.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_paula.c
  *
diff --git a/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_q40.c b/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_q40.c
index be4fe15..e25a78d 100644
--- a/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_q40.c
+++ b/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_q40.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  *  linux/sound/oss/dmasound/dmasound_q40.c
  *
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
index 3209218..782333c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * ALSA driver for the Aureal Vortex family of soundprocessors.
  * Author: Manuel Jander (mjander@embedded.cl)
diff --git a/sound/soc/au1x/ac97c.c b/sound/soc/au1x/ac97c.c
index 66d6c52..0792c40 100644
--- a/sound/soc/au1x/ac97c.c
+++ b/sound/soc/au1x/ac97c.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Au1000/Au1500/Au1100 AC97C controller driver for ASoC
  *
diff --git a/sound/soc/au1x/db1000.c b/sound/soc/au1x/db1000.c
index e97c327..8b17fd7 100644
--- a/sound/soc/au1x/db1000.c
+++ b/sound/soc/au1x/db1000.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * DB1000/DB1500/DB1100 ASoC audio fabric support code.
  *
diff --git a/sound/soc/au1x/db1200.c b/sound/soc/au1x/db1200.c
index 301e1fc..2a4621d 100644
--- a/sound/soc/au1x/db1200.c
+++ b/sound/soc/au1x/db1200.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * DB1200/DB1300/DB1550 ASoC audio fabric support code.
  *
diff --git a/sound/soc/au1x/dma.c b/sound/soc/au1x/dma.c
index efff1e2..1e98cc4 100644
--- a/sound/soc/au1x/dma.c
+++ b/sound/soc/au1x/dma.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Au1000/Au1500/Au1100 Audio DMA support.
  *
diff --git a/sound/soc/au1x/i2sc.c b/sound/soc/au1x/i2sc.c
index 450c842..46f2b44 100644
--- a/sound/soc/au1x/i2sc.c
+++ b/sound/soc/au1x/i2sc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Au1000/Au1500/Au1100 I2S controller driver for ASoC
  *
diff --git a/sound/soc/codecs/inno_rk3036.c b/sound/soc/codecs/inno_rk3036.c
index 85a336b..7feedbb 100644
--- a/sound/soc/codecs/inno_rk3036.c
+++ b/sound/soc/codecs/inno_rk3036.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Driver of Inno codec for rk3036 by Rockchip Inc.
  *
diff --git a/sound/soc/codecs/tlv320aic26.c b/sound/soc/codecs/tlv320aic26.c
index b91b8d5f..b9ca3af 100644
--- a/sound/soc/codecs/tlv320aic26.c
+++ b/sound/soc/codecs/tlv320aic26.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Texas Instruments TLV320AIC26 low power audio CODEC
  * ALSA SoC CODEC driver
diff --git a/sound/soc/pxa/imote2.c b/sound/soc/pxa/imote2.c
index 7847537..fd0fe42 100644
--- a/sound/soc/pxa/imote2.c
+++ b/sound/soc/pxa/imote2.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <sound/soc.h>
diff --git a/sound/sparc/amd7930.c b/sound/sparc/amd7930.c
index 56f1741..441222c 100644
--- a/sound/sparc/amd7930.c
+++ b/sound/sparc/amd7930.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Driver for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
  * Copyright (C) 2002, 2008 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/sound/sparc/cs4231.c b/sound/sparc/cs4231.c
index 883678e..138841e 100644
--- a/sound/sparc/cs4231.c
+++ b/sound/sparc/cs4231.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Driver for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
  * Copyright (C) 2002, 2008 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/sound/sparc/dbri.c b/sound/sparc/dbri.c
index 2b8ef5f..0101131 100644
--- a/sound/sparc/dbri.c
+++ b/sound/sparc/dbri.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * Driver for DBRI sound chip found on Sparcs.
  * Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Martin Habets (mhabets@users.sourceforge.net)
diff --git a/tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/cpufreq-test_tsc.c b/tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/cpufreq-test_tsc.c
index 6ff8383..e364b17 100644
--- a/tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/cpufreq-test_tsc.c
+++ b/tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/cpufreq-test_tsc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 /*
  * test module to check whether the TSC-based delay routine continues
  * to work properly after cpufreq transitions. Needs ACPI to work