diff --git a/include/linux/xarray.h b/include/linux/xarray.h
index 15eab63..7f740f6 100644
--- a/include/linux/xarray.h
+++ b/include/linux/xarray.h
@@ -275,6 +275,8 @@ struct xarray {
 void xa_init_flags(struct xarray *, gfp_t flags);
 void *xa_load(struct xarray *, unsigned long index);
 void *xa_store(struct xarray *, unsigned long index, void *entry, gfp_t);
+void *xa_cmpxchg(struct xarray *, unsigned long index,
+			void *old, void *entry, gfp_t);
 bool xa_get_mark(struct xarray *, unsigned long index, xa_mark_t);
 void xa_set_mark(struct xarray *, unsigned long index, xa_mark_t);
 void xa_clear_mark(struct xarray *, unsigned long index, xa_mark_t);
@@ -334,6 +336,34 @@ static inline void *xa_erase(struct xarray *xa, unsigned long index)
 	return xa_store(xa, index, NULL, 0);
 }
 
+/**
+ * xa_insert() - Store this entry in the XArray unless another entry is
+ *			already present.
+ * @xa: XArray.
+ * @index: Index into array.
+ * @entry: New entry.
+ * @gfp: Memory allocation flags.
+ *
+ * If you would rather see the existing entry in the array, use xa_cmpxchg().
+ * This function is for users who don't care what the entry is, only that
+ * one is present.
+ *
+ * Context: Process context.  Takes and releases the xa_lock.
+ *	    May sleep if the @gfp flags permit.
+ * Return: 0 if the store succeeded.  -EEXIST if another entry was present.
+ * -ENOMEM if memory could not be allocated.
+ */
+static inline int xa_insert(struct xarray *xa, unsigned long index,
+		void *entry, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	void *curr = xa_cmpxchg(xa, index, NULL, entry, gfp);
+	if (!curr)
+		return 0;
+	if (xa_is_err(curr))
+		return xa_err(curr);
+	return -EEXIST;
+}
+
 #define xa_trylock(xa)		spin_trylock(&(xa)->xa_lock)
 #define xa_lock(xa)		spin_lock(&(xa)->xa_lock)
 #define xa_unlock(xa)		spin_unlock(&(xa)->xa_lock)
@@ -355,10 +385,40 @@ static inline void *xa_erase(struct xarray *xa, unsigned long index)
  */
 void *__xa_erase(struct xarray *, unsigned long index);
 void *__xa_store(struct xarray *, unsigned long index, void *entry, gfp_t);
+void *__xa_cmpxchg(struct xarray *, unsigned long index, void *old,
+		void *entry, gfp_t);
 void __xa_set_mark(struct xarray *, unsigned long index, xa_mark_t);
 void __xa_clear_mark(struct xarray *, unsigned long index, xa_mark_t);
 
 /**
+ * __xa_insert() - Store this entry in the XArray unless another entry is
+ *			already present.
+ * @xa: XArray.
+ * @index: Index into array.
+ * @entry: New entry.
+ * @gfp: Memory allocation flags.
+ *
+ * If you would rather see the existing entry in the array, use __xa_cmpxchg().
+ * This function is for users who don't care what the entry is, only that
+ * one is present.
+ *
+ * Context: Any context.  Expects xa_lock to be held on entry.  May
+ *	    release and reacquire xa_lock if the @gfp flags permit.
+ * Return: 0 if the store succeeded.  -EEXIST if another entry was present.
+ * -ENOMEM if memory could not be allocated.
+ */
+static inline int __xa_insert(struct xarray *xa, unsigned long index,
+		void *entry, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	void *curr = __xa_cmpxchg(xa, index, NULL, entry, gfp);
+	if (!curr)
+		return 0;
+	if (xa_is_err(curr))
+		return xa_err(curr);
+	return -EEXIST;
+}
+
+/**
  * xa_erase_bh() - Erase this entry from the XArray.
  * @xa: XArray.
  * @index: Index of entry.
diff --git a/lib/test_xarray.c b/lib/test_xarray.c
index b711030..fb47225 100644
--- a/lib/test_xarray.c
+++ b/lib/test_xarray.c
@@ -198,6 +198,25 @@ static noinline void check_xa_shrink(struct xarray *xa)
 	XA_BUG_ON(xa, !xa_empty(xa));
 }
 
+static noinline void check_cmpxchg(struct xarray *xa)
+{
+	void *FIVE = xa_mk_value(5);
+	void *SIX = xa_mk_value(6);
+	void *LOTS = xa_mk_value(12345678);
+
+	XA_BUG_ON(xa, !xa_empty(xa));
+	XA_BUG_ON(xa, xa_store_index(xa, 12345678, GFP_KERNEL) != NULL);
+	XA_BUG_ON(xa, xa_insert(xa, 12345678, xa, GFP_KERNEL) != -EEXIST);
+	XA_BUG_ON(xa, xa_cmpxchg(xa, 12345678, SIX, FIVE, GFP_KERNEL) != LOTS);
+	XA_BUG_ON(xa, xa_cmpxchg(xa, 12345678, LOTS, FIVE, GFP_KERNEL) != LOTS);
+	XA_BUG_ON(xa, xa_cmpxchg(xa, 12345678, FIVE, LOTS, GFP_KERNEL) != FIVE);
+	XA_BUG_ON(xa, xa_cmpxchg(xa, 5, FIVE, NULL, GFP_KERNEL) != NULL);
+	XA_BUG_ON(xa, xa_cmpxchg(xa, 5, NULL, FIVE, GFP_KERNEL) != NULL);
+	xa_erase_index(xa, 12345678);
+	xa_erase_index(xa, 5);
+	XA_BUG_ON(xa, !xa_empty(xa));
+}
+
 static noinline void check_multi_store(struct xarray *xa)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_XARRAY_MULTI
@@ -274,6 +293,7 @@ static int xarray_checks(void)
 	check_xa_load(&array);
 	check_xa_mark(&array);
 	check_xa_shrink(&array);
+	check_cmpxchg(&array);
 	check_multi_store(&array);
 
 	printk("XArray: %u of %u tests passed\n", tests_passed, tests_run);
diff --git a/lib/xarray.c b/lib/xarray.c
index 4596a95..2ba5a98 100644
--- a/lib/xarray.c
+++ b/lib/xarray.c
@@ -976,6 +976,77 @@ void *__xa_store(struct xarray *xa, unsigned long index, void *entry, gfp_t gfp)
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__xa_store);
 
 /**
+ * xa_cmpxchg() - Conditionally replace an entry in the XArray.
+ * @xa: XArray.
+ * @index: Index into array.
+ * @old: Old value to test against.
+ * @entry: New value to place in array.
+ * @gfp: Memory allocation flags.
+ *
+ * If the entry at @index is the same as @old, replace it with @entry.
+ * If the return value is equal to @old, then the exchange was successful.
+ *
+ * Context: Process context.  Takes and releases the xa_lock.  May sleep
+ * if the @gfp flags permit.
+ * Return: The old value at this index or xa_err() if an error happened.
+ */
+void *xa_cmpxchg(struct xarray *xa, unsigned long index,
+			void *old, void *entry, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	XA_STATE(xas, xa, index);
+	void *curr;
+
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(xa_is_internal(entry)))
+		return XA_ERROR(-EINVAL);
+
+	do {
+		xas_lock(&xas);
+		curr = xas_load(&xas);
+		if (curr == old)
+			xas_store(&xas, entry);
+		xas_unlock(&xas);
+	} while (xas_nomem(&xas, gfp));
+
+	return xas_result(&xas, curr);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(xa_cmpxchg);
+
+/**
+ * __xa_cmpxchg() - Store this entry in the XArray.
+ * @xa: XArray.
+ * @index: Index into array.
+ * @old: Old value to test against.
+ * @entry: New entry.
+ * @gfp: Memory allocation flags.
+ *
+ * You must already be holding the xa_lock when calling this function.
+ * It will drop the lock if needed to allocate memory, and then reacquire
+ * it afterwards.
+ *
+ * Context: Any context.  Expects xa_lock to be held on entry.  May
+ * release and reacquire xa_lock if @gfp flags permit.
+ * Return: The old entry at this index or xa_err() if an error happened.
+ */
+void *__xa_cmpxchg(struct xarray *xa, unsigned long index,
+			void *old, void *entry, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	XA_STATE(xas, xa, index);
+	void *curr;
+
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(xa_is_internal(entry)))
+		return XA_ERROR(-EINVAL);
+
+	do {
+		curr = xas_load(&xas);
+		if (curr == old)
+			xas_store(&xas, entry);
+	} while (__xas_nomem(&xas, gfp));
+
+	return xas_result(&xas, curr);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__xa_cmpxchg);
+
+/**
  * __xa_set_mark() - Set this mark on this entry while locked.
  * @xa: XArray.
  * @index: Index of entry.