#ifdef __x86_64__

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <x86intrin.h>

int utf8_naive(const unsigned char *data, int len);

#if 0
static void print128(const char *s, const __m128i v128)
{
  const unsigned char *v8 = (const unsigned char *)&v128;
  if (s)
    printf("%s:\t", s);
  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
    printf("%02x ", v8[i]);
  printf("\n");
}
#endif

/*
 * Map high nibble of "First Byte" to legal character length minus 1
 * 0x00 ~ 0xBF --> 0
 * 0xC0 ~ 0xDF --> 1
 * 0xE0 ~ 0xEF --> 2
 * 0xF0 ~ 0xFF --> 3
 */
static const int8_t _first_len_tbl[] = {
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3,
};

/* Map "First Byte" to 8-th item of range table (0xC2 ~ 0xF4) */
static const int8_t _first_range_tbl[] = {
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 8, 8, 8,
};

/*
 * Range table, map range index to min and max values
 * Index 0    : 00 ~ 7F (First Byte, ascii)
 * Index 1,2,3: 80 ~ BF (Second, Third, Fourth Byte)
 * Index 4    : A0 ~ BF (Second Byte after E0)
 * Index 5    : 80 ~ 9F (Second Byte after ED)
 * Index 6    : 90 ~ BF (Second Byte after F0)
 * Index 7    : 80 ~ 8F (Second Byte after F4)
 * Index 8    : C2 ~ F4 (First Byte, non ascii)
 * Index 9~15 : illegal: i >= 127 && i <= -128
 */
static const int8_t _range_min_tbl[] = {
    0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xA0, 0x80, 0x90, 0x80,
    0xC2, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x7F,
};
static const int8_t _range_max_tbl[] = {
    0x7F, 0xBF, 0xBF, 0xBF, 0xBF, 0x9F, 0xBF, 0x8F,
    0xF4, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
};

/*
 * Tables for fast handling of four special First Bytes(E0,ED,F0,F4), after
 * which the Second Byte are not 80~BF. It contains "range index adjustment".
 * +------------+---------------+------------------+----------------+
 * | First Byte | original range| range adjustment | adjusted range |
 * +------------+---------------+------------------+----------------+
 * | E0         | 2             | 2                | 4              |
 * +------------+---------------+------------------+----------------+
 * | ED         | 2             | 3                | 5              |
 * +------------+---------------+------------------+----------------+
 * | F0         | 3             | 3                | 6              |
 * +------------+---------------+------------------+----------------+
 * | F4         | 4             | 4                | 8              |
 * +------------+---------------+------------------+----------------+
 */
/* index1 -> E0, index14 -> ED */
static const int8_t _df_ee_tbl[] = {
    0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0,
};
/* index1 -> F0, index5 -> F4 */
static const int8_t _ef_fe_tbl[] = {
    0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
};

#define RET_ERR_IDX 0   /* Define 1 to return index of first error char */

/* 5x faster than naive method */
/* Return 0 - success, -1 - error, >0 - first error char(if RET_ERR_IDX = 1) */
int utf8_range(const unsigned char *data, int len)
{
#if  RET_ERR_IDX
    int err_pos = 1;
#endif

    if (len >= 16) {
        __m128i prev_input = _mm_set1_epi8(0);
        __m128i prev_first_len = _mm_set1_epi8(0);

        /* Cached tables */
        const __m128i first_len_tbl =
            _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)_first_len_tbl);
        const __m128i first_range_tbl =
            _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)_first_range_tbl);
        const __m128i range_min_tbl =
            _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)_range_min_tbl);
        const __m128i range_max_tbl =
            _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)_range_max_tbl);
        const __m128i df_ee_tbl =
            _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)_df_ee_tbl);
        const __m128i ef_fe_tbl =
            _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)_ef_fe_tbl);

        __m128i error = _mm_set1_epi8(0);

        while (len >= 16) {
            const __m128i input = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)data);

            /* high_nibbles = input >> 4 */
            const __m128i high_nibbles =
                _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(input, 4), _mm_set1_epi8(0x0F));

            /* first_len = legal character length minus 1 */
            /* 0 for 00~7F, 1 for C0~DF, 2 for E0~EF, 3 for F0~FF */
            /* first_len = first_len_tbl[high_nibbles] */
            __m128i first_len = _mm_shuffle_epi8(first_len_tbl, high_nibbles);

            /* First Byte: set range index to 8 for bytes within 0xC0 ~ 0xFF */
            /* range = first_range_tbl[high_nibbles] */
            __m128i range = _mm_shuffle_epi8(first_range_tbl, high_nibbles);

            /* Second Byte: set range index to first_len */
            /* 0 for 00~7F, 1 for C0~DF, 2 for E0~EF, 3 for F0~FF */
            /* range |= (first_len, prev_first_len) << 1 byte */
            range = _mm_or_si128(
                    range, _mm_alignr_epi8(first_len, prev_first_len, 15));

            /* Third Byte: set range index to saturate_sub(first_len, 1) */
            /* 0 for 00~7F, 0 for C0~DF, 1 for E0~EF, 2 for F0~FF */
            __m128i tmp;
            /* tmp = (first_len, prev_first_len) << 2 bytes */
            tmp = _mm_alignr_epi8(first_len, prev_first_len, 14);
            /* tmp = saturate_sub(tmp, 1) */
            tmp = _mm_subs_epu8(tmp, _mm_set1_epi8(1));
            /* range |= tmp */
            range = _mm_or_si128(range, tmp);

            /* Fourth Byte: set range index to saturate_sub(first_len, 2) */
            /* 0 for 00~7F, 0 for C0~DF, 0 for E0~EF, 1 for F0~FF */
            /* tmp = (first_len, prev_first_len) << 3 bytes */
            tmp = _mm_alignr_epi8(first_len, prev_first_len, 13);
            /* tmp = saturate_sub(tmp, 2) */
            tmp = _mm_subs_epu8(tmp, _mm_set1_epi8(2));
            /* range |= tmp */
            range = _mm_or_si128(range, tmp);

            /*
             * Now we have below range indices caluclated
             * Correct cases:
             * - 8 for C0~FF
             * - 3 for 1st byte after F0~FF
             * - 2 for 1st byte after E0~EF or 2nd byte after F0~FF
             * - 1 for 1st byte after C0~DF or 2nd byte after E0~EF or
             *         3rd byte after F0~FF
             * - 0 for others
             * Error cases:
             *   9,10,11 if non ascii First Byte overlaps
             *   E.g., F1 80 C2 90 --> 8 3 10 2, where 10 indicates error
             */

            /* Adjust Second Byte range for special First Bytes(E0,ED,F0,F4) */
            /* Overlaps lead to index 9~15, which are illegal in range table */
            __m128i shift1, pos, range2;
            /* shift1 = (input, prev_input) << 1 byte */
            shift1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(input, prev_input, 15);
            pos = _mm_sub_epi8(shift1, _mm_set1_epi8(0xEF));
            /*
             * shift1:  | EF  F0 ... FE | FF  00  ... ...  DE | DF  E0 ... EE |
             * pos:     | 0   1      15 | 16  17           239| 240 241    255|
             * pos-240: | 0   0      0  | 0   0            0  | 0   1      15 |
             * pos+112: | 112 113    127|       >= 128        |     >= 128    |
             */
            tmp = _mm_subs_epu8(pos, _mm_set1_epi8(0xF0));
            range2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(df_ee_tbl, tmp);
            tmp = _mm_adds_epu8(pos, _mm_set1_epi8(0x70));
            range2 = _mm_add_epi8(range2, _mm_shuffle_epi8(ef_fe_tbl, tmp));

            range = _mm_add_epi8(range, range2);

            /* Load min and max values per calculated range index */
            __m128i minv = _mm_shuffle_epi8(range_min_tbl, range);
            __m128i maxv = _mm_shuffle_epi8(range_max_tbl, range);

            /* Check value range */
#if RET_ERR_IDX
            error = _mm_cmplt_epi8(input, minv);
            error = _mm_or_si128(error, _mm_cmpgt_epi8(input, maxv));
            /* 5% performance drop from this conditional branch */
            if (!_mm_testz_si128(error, error))
                break;
#else
            /* error |= (input < minv) | (input > maxv) */
            tmp = _mm_or_si128(
                      _mm_cmplt_epi8(input, minv),
                      _mm_cmpgt_epi8(input, maxv)
                  );
            error = _mm_or_si128(error, tmp);
#endif

            prev_input = input;
            prev_first_len = first_len;

            data += 16;
            len -= 16;
#if RET_ERR_IDX
            err_pos += 16;
#endif
        }

#if RET_ERR_IDX
        /* Error in first 16 bytes */
        if (err_pos == 1)
            goto do_naive;
#else
        if (!_mm_testz_si128(error, error))
            return -1;
#endif

        /* Find previous token (not 80~BF) */
        int32_t token4 = _mm_extract_epi32(prev_input, 3);
        const int8_t *token = (const int8_t *)&token4;
        int lookahead = 0;
        if (token[3] > (int8_t)0xBF)
            lookahead = 1;
        else if (token[2] > (int8_t)0xBF)
            lookahead = 2;
        else if (token[1] > (int8_t)0xBF)
            lookahead = 3;

        data -= lookahead;
        len += lookahead;
#if RET_ERR_IDX
        err_pos -= lookahead;
#endif
    }

    /* Check remaining bytes with naive method */
#if RET_ERR_IDX
    int err_pos2;
do_naive:
    err_pos2 = utf8_naive(data, len);
    if (err_pos2)
        return err_pos + err_pos2 - 1;
    return 0;
#else
    return utf8_naive(data, len);
#endif
}

#endif