feat: add reauth feature to user credentials (#727)

* feat: add reauth support to oauth2 credentials

* update
diff --git a/google/oauth2/reauth.py b/google/oauth2/reauth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d539d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/google/oauth2/reauth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+# Copyright 2021 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""A module that provides functions for handling rapt authentication.
+
+Reauth is a process of obtaining additional authentication (such as password,
+security token, etc.) while refreshing OAuth 2.0 credentials for a user.
+
+Credentials that use the Reauth flow must have the reauth scope,
+``https://www.googleapis.com/auth/accounts.reauth``.
+
+This module provides a high-level function for executing the Reauth process,
+:func:`refresh_grant`, and lower-level helpers for doing the individual
+steps of the reauth process.
+
+Those steps are:
+
+1. Obtaining a list of challenges from the reauth server.
+2. Running through each challenge and sending the result back to the reauth
+   server.
+3. Refreshing the access token using the returned rapt token.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from six.moves import range
+
+from google.auth import exceptions
+from google.oauth2 import _client
+from google.oauth2 import challenges
+
+
+_REAUTH_SCOPE = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/accounts.reauth"
+_REAUTH_API = "https://reauth.googleapis.com/v2/sessions"
+
+_REAUTH_NEEDED_ERROR = "invalid_grant"
+_REAUTH_NEEDED_ERROR_INVALID_RAPT = "invalid_rapt"
+_REAUTH_NEEDED_ERROR_RAPT_REQUIRED = "rapt_required"
+
+_AUTHENTICATED = "AUTHENTICATED"
+_CHALLENGE_REQUIRED = "CHALLENGE_REQUIRED"
+_CHALLENGE_PENDING = "CHALLENGE_PENDING"
+
+
+# Override this global variable to set custom max number of rounds of reauth
+# challenges should be run.
+RUN_CHALLENGE_RETRY_LIMIT = 5
+
+
+def is_interactive():
+    """Check if we are in an interractive environment.
+
+    Override this function with a different logic if you are using this library
+    outside a CLI.
+
+    If the rapt token needs refreshing, the user needs to answer the challenges.
+    If the user is not in an interractive environment, the challenges can not
+    be answered and we just wait for timeout for no reason.
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if is interactive environment, False otherwise.
+    """
+
+    return sys.stdin.isatty()
+
+
+def _get_challenges(
+    request, supported_challenge_types, access_token, requested_scopes=None
+):
+    """Does initial request to reauth API to get the challenges.
+
+    Args:
+        request (google.auth.transport.Request): A callable used to make
+            HTTP requests.
+        supported_challenge_types (Sequence[str]): list of challenge names
+            supported by the manager.
+        access_token (str): Access token with reauth scopes.
+        requested_scopes (Optional(Sequence[str])): Authorized scopes for the credentials.
+
+    Returns:
+        dict: The response from the reauth API.
+    """
+    body = {"supportedChallengeTypes": supported_challenge_types}
+    if requested_scopes:
+        body["oauthScopesForDomainPolicyLookup"] = requested_scopes
+
+    return _client._token_endpoint_request(
+        request, _REAUTH_API + ":start", body, access_token=access_token, use_json=True
+    )
+
+
+def _send_challenge_result(
+    request, session_id, challenge_id, client_input, access_token
+):
+    """Attempt to refresh access token by sending next challenge result.
+
+    Args:
+        request (google.auth.transport.Request): A callable used to make
+            HTTP requests.
+        session_id (str): session id returned by the initial reauth call.
+        challenge_id (str): challenge id returned by the initial reauth call.
+        client_input: dict with a challenge-specific client input. For example:
+            ``{'credential': password}`` for password challenge.
+        access_token (str): Access token with reauth scopes.
+
+    Returns:
+        dict: The response from the reauth API.
+    """
+    body = {
+        "sessionId": session_id,
+        "challengeId": challenge_id,
+        "action": "RESPOND",
+        "proposalResponse": client_input,
+    }
+
+    return _client._token_endpoint_request(
+        request,
+        _REAUTH_API + "/{}:continue".format(session_id),
+        body,
+        access_token=access_token,
+        use_json=True,
+    )
+
+
+def _run_next_challenge(msg, request, access_token):
+    """Get the next challenge from msg and run it.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (dict): Reauth API response body (either from the initial request to
+            https://reauth.googleapis.com/v2/sessions:start or from sending the
+            previous challenge response to
+            https://reauth.googleapis.com/v2/sessions/id:continue)
+        request (google.auth.transport.Request): A callable used to make
+            HTTP requests.
+        access_token (str): reauth access token
+
+    Returns:
+        dict: The response from the reauth API.
+
+    Raises:
+        google.auth.exceptions.ReauthError: if reauth failed.
+    """
+    for challenge in msg["challenges"]:
+        if challenge["status"] != "READY":
+            # Skip non-activated challenges.
+            continue
+        c = challenges.AVAILABLE_CHALLENGES.get(challenge["challengeType"], None)
+        if not c:
+            raise exceptions.ReauthFailError(
+                "Unsupported challenge type {0}. Supported types: {1}".format(
+                    challenge["challengeType"],
+                    ",".join(list(challenges.AVAILABLE_CHALLENGES.keys())),
+                )
+            )
+        if not c.is_locally_eligible:
+            raise exceptions.ReauthFailError(
+                "Challenge {0} is not locally eligible".format(
+                    challenge["challengeType"]
+                )
+            )
+        client_input = c.obtain_challenge_input(challenge)
+        if not client_input:
+            return None
+        return _send_challenge_result(
+            request,
+            msg["sessionId"],
+            challenge["challengeId"],
+            client_input,
+            access_token,
+        )
+    return None
+
+
+def _obtain_rapt(request, access_token, requested_scopes):
+    """Given an http request method and reauth access token, get rapt token.
+
+    Args:
+        request (google.auth.transport.Request): A callable used to make
+            HTTP requests.
+        access_token (str): reauth access token
+        requested_scopes (Sequence[str]): scopes required by the client application
+
+    Returns:
+        str: The rapt token.
+
+    Raises:
+        google.auth.exceptions.ReauthError: if reauth failed
+    """
+    msg = _get_challenges(
+        request,
+        list(challenges.AVAILABLE_CHALLENGES.keys()),
+        access_token,
+        requested_scopes,
+    )
+
+    if msg["status"] == _AUTHENTICATED:
+        return msg["encodedProofOfReauthToken"]
+
+    for _ in range(0, RUN_CHALLENGE_RETRY_LIMIT):
+        if not (
+            msg["status"] == _CHALLENGE_REQUIRED or msg["status"] == _CHALLENGE_PENDING
+        ):
+            raise exceptions.ReauthFailError(
+                "Reauthentication challenge failed due to API error: {}".format(
+                    msg["status"]
+                )
+            )
+
+        if not is_interactive():
+            raise exceptions.ReauthFailError(
+                "Reauthentication challenge could not be answered because you are not"
+                " in an interactive session."
+            )
+
+        msg = _run_next_challenge(msg, request, access_token)
+
+        if msg["status"] == _AUTHENTICATED:
+            return msg["encodedProofOfReauthToken"]
+
+    # If we got here it means we didn't get authenticated.
+    raise exceptions.ReauthFailError("Failed to obtain rapt token.")
+
+
+def get_rapt_token(
+    request, client_id, client_secret, refresh_token, token_uri, scopes=None
+):
+    """Given an http request method and refresh_token, get rapt token.
+
+    Args:
+        request (google.auth.transport.Request): A callable used to make
+            HTTP requests.
+        client_id (str): client id to get access token for reauth scope.
+        client_secret (str): client secret for the client_id
+        refresh_token (str): refresh token to refresh access token
+        token_uri (str): uri to refresh access token
+        scopes (Optional(Sequence[str])): scopes required by the client application
+
+    Returns:
+        str: The rapt token.
+    Raises:
+        google.auth.exceptions.RefreshError: If reauth failed.
+    """
+    sys.stderr.write("Reauthentication required.\n")
+
+    # Get access token for reauth.
+    access_token, _, _, _ = _client.refresh_grant(
+        request=request,
+        client_id=client_id,
+        client_secret=client_secret,
+        refresh_token=refresh_token,
+        token_uri=token_uri,
+        scopes=[_REAUTH_SCOPE],
+    )
+
+    # Get rapt token from reauth API.
+    rapt_token = _obtain_rapt(request, access_token, requested_scopes=scopes)
+
+    return rapt_token
+
+
+def refresh_grant(
+    request,
+    token_uri,
+    refresh_token,
+    client_id,
+    client_secret,
+    scopes=None,
+    rapt_token=None,
+):
+    """Implements the reauthentication flow.
+
+    Args:
+        request (google.auth.transport.Request): A callable used to make
+            HTTP requests.
+        token_uri (str): The OAuth 2.0 authorizations server's token endpoint
+            URI.
+        refresh_token (str): The refresh token to use to get a new access
+            token.
+        client_id (str): The OAuth 2.0 application's client ID.
+        client_secret (str): The Oauth 2.0 appliaction's client secret.
+        scopes (Optional(Sequence[str])): Scopes to request. If present, all
+            scopes must be authorized for the refresh token. Useful if refresh
+            token has a wild card scope (e.g.
+            'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/any-api').
+        rapt_token (Optional(str)): The rapt token for reauth.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple[str, Optional[str], Optional[datetime], Mapping[str, str]]: The
+            access token, new refresh token, expiration, and additional data
+            returned by the token endpoint.
+
+    Raises:
+        google.auth.exceptions.RefreshError: If the token endpoint returned
+            an error.
+    """
+    body = {
+        "grant_type": _client._REFRESH_GRANT_TYPE,
+        "client_id": client_id,
+        "client_secret": client_secret,
+        "refresh_token": refresh_token,
+    }
+    if scopes:
+        body["scope"] = " ".join(scopes)
+    if rapt_token:
+        body["rapt"] = rapt_token
+
+    response_status_ok, response_data = _client._token_endpoint_request_no_throw(
+        request, token_uri, body
+    )
+    if (
+        not response_status_ok
+        and response_data.get("error") == _REAUTH_NEEDED_ERROR
+        and (
+            response_data.get("error_subtype") == _REAUTH_NEEDED_ERROR_INVALID_RAPT
+            or response_data.get("error_subtype") == _REAUTH_NEEDED_ERROR_RAPT_REQUIRED
+        )
+    ):
+        rapt_token = get_rapt_token(
+            request, client_id, client_secret, refresh_token, token_uri, scopes=scopes
+        )
+        body["rapt"] = rapt_token
+        (response_status_ok, response_data) = _client._token_endpoint_request_no_throw(
+            request, token_uri, body
+        )
+
+    if not response_status_ok:
+        _client._handle_error_response(response_data)
+    return _client._handle_refresh_grant_response(response_data, refresh_token) + (
+        rapt_token,
+    )