book/src/binding/slice.md

{{#title rust::Slice<T> — Rust ♡ C++}}
# rust::Slice\<const T\>,&ensp;rust::Slice\<T\>

- Rust `&[T]` is written `rust::Slice<const T>` in C++
- Rust `&mut [T]` is written `rust::Slice<T>` in C++

### Public API:

```cpp,hidelines=...
// rust/cxx.h
...
...#include <iterator>
...#include <type_traits>
...
...namespace rust {

template <typename T>
class Slice final {
public:
  using value_type = T;

  Slice() noexcept;
  Slice(const Slice<T> &) noexcept;
  Slice(T *, size_t count) noexcept;

  Slice &operator=(Slice<T> &&) noexcept;
  Slice &operator=(const Slice<T> &) noexcept
    requires std::is_const_v<T>;

  T *data() const noexcept;
  size_t size() const noexcept;
  size_t length() const noexcept;
  bool empty() const noexcept;

  T &operator[](size_t n) const noexcept;
  T &at(size_t n) const;
  T &front() const noexcept;
  T &back() const noexcept;

  class iterator;
  iterator begin() const noexcept;
  iterator end() const noexcept;

  void swap(Slice &) noexcept;
};
...
...template <typename T>
...class Slice<T>::iterator final {
...public:
...  using iterator_category = std::random_access_iterator_tag;
...  using value_type = T;
...  using pointer = T *;
...  using reference = T &;
...
...  T &operator*() const noexcept;
...  T *operator->() const noexcept;
...  T &operator[](ptrdiff_t) const noexcept;
...
...  iterator &operator++() noexcept;
...  iterator operator++(int) noexcept;
...  iterator &operator--() noexcept;
...  iterator operator--(int) noexcept;
...
...  iterator &operator+=(ptrdiff_t) noexcept;
...  iterator &operator-=(ptrdiff_t) noexcept;
...  iterator operator+(ptrdiff_t) const noexcept;
...  iterator operator-(ptrdiff_t) const noexcept;
...  ptrdiff_t operator-(const iterator &) const noexcept;
...
...  bool operator==(const iterator &) const noexcept;
...  bool operator!=(const iterator &) const noexcept;
...  bool operator<(const iterator &) const noexcept;
...  bool operator>(const iterator &) const noexcept;
...  bool operator<=(const iterator &) const noexcept;
...  bool operator>=(const iterator &) const noexcept;
...};
...
...} // namespace rust
```

### Restrictions:

T must not be an opaque Rust type or opaque C++ type. Support for opaque Rust
types in slices is coming.

Allowed as function argument or return value. Not supported in shared structs.

Only rust::Slice\<const T\> is copy-assignable, not rust::Slice\<T\>. (Both are
move-assignable.) You'll need to write std::move occasionally as a reminder that
accidentally exposing overlapping &amp;mut \[T\] to Rust is UB.

## Example

This example is a C++ program that constructs a slice containing JSON data (by
reading from stdin, but it could be from anywhere), then calls into Rust to
pretty-print that JSON data into a std::string via the [serde_json] and
[serde_transcode] crates.

[serde_json]: https://github.com/serde-rs/json
[serde_transcode]: https://github.com/sfackler/serde-transcode

```rust,noplayground
// src/main.rs

#![no_main] // main defined in C++ by main.cc

use cxx::CxxString;
use std::io::{self, Write};
use std::pin::Pin;

#[cxx::bridge]
mod ffi {
    extern "Rust" {
        fn prettify_json(input: &[u8], output: Pin<&mut CxxString>) -> Result<()>;
    }
}

struct WriteToCxxString<'a>(Pin<&'a mut CxxString>);

impl<'a> Write for WriteToCxxString<'a> {
    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.0.as_mut().push_bytes(buf);
        Ok(buf.len())
    }
    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        Ok(())
    }
}

fn prettify_json(input: &[u8], output: Pin<&mut CxxString>) -> serde_json::Result<()> {
    let writer = WriteToCxxString(output);
    let mut deserializer = serde_json::Deserializer::from_slice(input);
    let mut serializer = serde_json::Serializer::pretty(writer);
    serde_transcode::transcode(&mut deserializer, &mut serializer)
}
```

```cpp
// src/main.cc

#include "example/src/main.rs.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

int main() {
  // Read json from stdin.
  std::istreambuf_iterator<char> begin{std::cin}, end;
  std::vector<unsigned char> input{begin, end};
  rust::Slice<const uint8_t> slice{input.data(), input.size()};

  // Prettify using serde_json and serde_transcode.
  std::string output;
  prettify_json(slice, output);

  // Write to stdout.
  std::cout << output << std::endl;
}
```

Testing the example:

```console
$  echo '{"fearless":"concurrency"}' | cargo run
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.02s
     Running `target/debug/example`
{
  "fearless": "concurrency"
}
```