// Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>

#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstdio>
#include <deque>
#include <type_traits>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <variant>

#include "ExternalObjectManager.h"
#include "FrameBuffer.h"
#include "GfxStreamAgents.h"
#include "VirtioGpuTimelines.h"
#include "VkCommonOperations.h"
#include "aemu/base/AlignedBuf.h"
#include "aemu/base/ManagedDescriptor.hpp"
#include "aemu/base/Metrics.h"
#include "aemu/base/Tracing.h"
#include "aemu/base/memory/SharedMemory.h"
#include "aemu/base/synchronization/Lock.h"
#include "aemu/base/threads/WorkerThread.h"
#include "gfxstream/Strings.h"
#include "gfxstream/host/Features.h"
#include "host-common/AddressSpaceService.h"
#include "host-common/GfxstreamFatalError.h"
#include "host-common/address_space_device.h"
#include "host-common/android_pipe_common.h"
#include "host-common/android_pipe_device.h"
#include "host-common/feature_control.h"
#include "host-common/globals.h"
#include "host-common/opengles-pipe.h"
#include "host-common/opengles.h"
#include "host-common/refcount-pipe.h"
#include "host-common/vm_operations.h"
#include "virgl_hw.h"
#include "virtgpu_gfxstream_protocol.h"
#include "vk_util.h"

#ifdef GFXSTREAM_ENABLE_HOST_VK_SNAPSHOT
#include "aemu/base/files/StdioStream.h"
#endif

extern "C" {
#include "drm_fourcc.h"
#include "gfxstream/virtio-gpu-gfxstream-renderer-unstable.h"
#include "gfxstream/virtio-gpu-gfxstream-renderer.h"
#include "host-common/goldfish_pipe.h"
#include "virgl_hw.h"
}  // extern "C"

#if defined(_WIN32)
struct iovec {
    void* iov_base; /* Starting address */
    size_t iov_len; /* Length in bytes */
};
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#endif  // _WIN32

#define MAX_DEBUG_BUFFER_SIZE 512

void* globalUserData = nullptr;
stream_renderer_debug_callback globalDebugCallback = nullptr;

void stream_renderer_log(uint32_t type, const char* format, ...) {
    char buf[MAX_DEBUG_BUFFER_SIZE];
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    vsnprintf(buf, MAX_DEBUG_BUFFER_SIZE, format, args);
    va_end(args);

    if (globalUserData && globalDebugCallback) {
        struct stream_renderer_debug debug = {0};
        debug.debug_type = type;
        debug.message = &buf[0];

        globalDebugCallback(globalUserData, &debug);
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf);
    }
}

#if STREAM_RENDERER_LOG_LEVEL >= STREAM_RENDERER_DEBUG_ERROR
#define stream_renderer_error(format, ...)                                                \
    do {                                                                                  \
        stream_renderer_log(STREAM_RENDERER_DEBUG_ERROR, "[%s(%d)] %s " format, __FILE__, \
                            __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, ##__VA_ARGS__);                \
    } while (0)
#else
#define stream_renderer_error(format, ...)
#endif

#if STREAM_RENDERER_LOG_LEVEL >= STREAM_RENDERER_DEBUG_WARN
#define stream_renderer_warn(format, ...)                                                          \
    do {                                                                                           \
        stream_renderer_log(STREAM_RENDERER_DEBUG_WARN, "[%s(%d)] %s " format, __FILE__, __LINE__, \
                            __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, ##__VA_ARGS__);                                   \
    } while (0)
#else
#define stream_renderer_warn(format, ...)
#endif

#if STREAM_RENDERER_LOG_LEVEL >= STREAM_RENDERER_DEBUG_INFO
#define stream_renderer_info(format, ...)                                                          \
    do {                                                                                           \
        stream_renderer_log(STREAM_RENDERER_DEBUG_INFO, "[%s(%d)] %s " format, __FILE__, __LINE__, \
                            __FUNCTION__, ##__VA_ARGS__);                                          \
    } while (0)
#else
#define stream_renderer_info(format, ...)
#endif

#if STREAM_RENDERER_LOG_LEVEL >= STREAM_RENDERER_DEBUG_DEBUG
#define stream_renderer_debug(format, ...)                                                \
    do {                                                                                  \
        stream_renderer_log(STREAM_RENDERER_DEBUG_DEBUG, "[%s(%d)] %s " format, __FILE__, \
                            __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, ##__VA_ARGS__);                \
    } while (0)
#else
#define stream_renderer_debug(format, ...)
#endif

// Virtio Goldfish Pipe: Overview-----------------------------------------------
//
// Virtio Goldfish Pipe is meant for running goldfish pipe services with a
// stock Linux kernel that is already capable of virtio-gpu. It runs DRM
// VIRTGPU ioctls on top of a custom implementation of virglrenderer on the
// host side that doesn't (directly) do any rendering, but instead talks to
// host-side pipe services.
//
// This is mainly used for graphics at the moment, though it's possible to run
// other pipe services over virtio-gpu as well. virtio-gpu is selected over
// other devices primarily because of the existence of an API (virglrenderer)
// that is already somewhat separate from virtio-gpu, and not needing to create
// a new virtio device to handle goldfish pipe.
//
// How it works is, existing virglrenderer API are remapped to perform pipe
// operations. First of all, pipe operations consist of the following:
//
// - open() / close(): Starts or stops an instance of a pipe service.
//
// - write(const void* buf, size_t len) / read(const void* buf, size_t len):
// Sends or receives data over the pipe. The first write() is the name of the
// pipe service. After the pipe service is determined, the host calls
// resetPipe() to replace the host-side pipe instance with an instance of the
// pipe service.
//
// - reset(void* initialPipe, void* actualPipe): the operation that replaces an
// initial pipe with an instance of a pipe service.
//
// Next, here's how the pipe operations map to virglrenderer commands:
//
// - open() -> virgl_renderer_context_create(),
//             virgl_renderer_resource_create(),
//             virgl_renderer_resource_attach_iov()
//
// The open() corresponds to a guest-side open of a rendernode, which triggers
// context creation. Each pipe corresponds 1:1 with a drm virtgpu context id.
// We also associate an R8 resource with each pipe as the backing data for
// write/read.
//
// - close() -> virgl_rendrerer_resource_unref(),
//              virgl_renderer_context_destroy()
//
// The close() corresponds to undoing the operations of open().
//
// - write() -> virgl_renderer_transfer_write_iov() OR
//              virgl_renderer_submit_cmd()
//
// Pipe write() operation corresponds to performing a TRANSFER_TO_HOST ioctl on
// the resource created alongside open(), OR an EXECBUFFER ioctl.
//
// - read() -> virgl_renderer_transfer_read_iov()
//
// Pipe read() operation corresponds to performing a TRANSFER_FROM_HOST ioctl on
// the resource created alongside open().
//
// Details on transfer mechanism: mapping 2D transfer to 1D ones----------------
//
// Resource objects are typically 2D textures, while we're wanting to transmit
// 1D buffers to the pipe services on the host.  DRM VIRTGPU uses the concept
// of a 'box' to represent transfers that do not involve an entire resource
// object.  Each box has a x, y, width and height parameter to define the
// extent of the transfer for a 2D texture.  In our use case, we only use the x
// and width parameters. We've also created the resource with R8 format
// (byte-by-byte) with width equal to the total size of the transfer buffer we
// want (around 1 MB).
//
// The resource object itself is currently backed via plain guest RAM, which
// can be physically not-contiguous from the guest POV, and therefore
// corresponds to a possibly-long list of pointers and sizes (iov) on the host
// side. The sync_iov helper function converts convert the list of pointers
// to one contiguous buffer on the host (or vice versa), at the cost of a copy.
// (TODO: see if we can use host coherent memory to do away with the copy).
//
// We can see this abstraction in use via the implementation of
// transferWriteIov and transferReadIov below, which sync the iovec to/from a
// linear buffer if necessary, and then perform a corresponding pip operation
// based on the box parameter's x and width values.

using android::AndroidPipe;
using android::base::AutoLock;
using android::base::DescriptorType;
using android::base::Lock;
using android::base::ManagedDescriptor;
using android::base::MetricsLogger;
using android::base::SharedMemory;

using emugl::FatalError;
using gfxstream::BlobDescriptorInfo;
using gfxstream::ExternalObjectManager;
using gfxstream::SyncDescriptorInfo;

using VirtioGpuResId = uint32_t;

static constexpr int kPipeTryAgain = -2;

struct VirtioGpuCmd {
    uint32_t op;
    uint32_t cmdSize;
    unsigned char buf[0];
} __attribute__((packed));

struct PipeCtxEntry {
    std::string name;
    uint32_t capsetId;
    VirtioGpuCtxId ctxId;
    GoldfishHostPipe* hostPipe;
    int fence;
    uint32_t addressSpaceHandle;
    bool hasAddressSpaceHandle;
    std::unordered_map<VirtioGpuResId, uint32_t> addressSpaceHandles;
    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct stream_renderer_resource_create_args> blobMap;
    std::shared_ptr<gfxstream::SyncDescriptorInfo> latestFence;
};

enum class ResType {
    // Used as a communication channel between the guest and the host
    // which does not need an allocation on the host GPU.
    PIPE,
    // Used as a GPU data buffer.
    BUFFER,
    // Used as a GPU texture.
    COLOR_BUFFER,
    // Used as a blob and not known to FrameBuffer.
    BLOB,
};

struct AlignedMemory {
    void* addr = nullptr;

    AlignedMemory(size_t align, size_t size)
        : addr(android::aligned_buf_alloc(align, size)) {}

    ~AlignedMemory() {
        if (addr != nullptr) {
            android::aligned_buf_free(addr);
        }
    }

    // AlignedMemory is neither copyable nor movable.
    AlignedMemory(const AlignedMemory& other) = delete;
    AlignedMemory& operator=(const AlignedMemory& other) = delete;
    AlignedMemory(AlignedMemory&& other) = delete;
    AlignedMemory& operator=(AlignedMemory&& other) = delete;
};

// Memory used as a ring buffer for communication between the guest and host.
class RingBlob : public std::variant<std::unique_ptr<AlignedMemory>,
                                     std::unique_ptr<SharedMemory>> {
  public:
    using BaseType = std::variant<std::unique_ptr<AlignedMemory>,
                                  std::unique_ptr<SharedMemory>>;
    // Inherit constructors.
    using BaseType::BaseType;

    bool isExportable() const {
        return std::holds_alternative<std::unique_ptr<SharedMemory>>(*this);
    }

    SharedMemory::handle_type releaseHandle() {
        if (!isExportable()) {
            return SharedMemory::invalidHandle();
        }
        return std::get<std::unique_ptr<SharedMemory>>(*this)->releaseHandle();
    }
};


struct PipeResEntry {
    stream_renderer_resource_create_args args;
    iovec* iov;
    uint32_t numIovs;
    void* linear;
    size_t linearSize;
    GoldfishHostPipe* hostPipe;
    VirtioGpuCtxId ctxId;
    void* hva;
    uint64_t hvaSize;
    uint64_t blobId;
    uint32_t blobMem;
    uint32_t blobFlags;
    uint32_t caching;
    ResType type;
    std::shared_ptr<RingBlob> ringBlob;
    bool externalAddr = false;
    std::shared_ptr<BlobDescriptorInfo> descriptorInfo = nullptr;
};

static inline uint32_t align_up(uint32_t n, uint32_t a) { return ((n + a - 1) / a) * a; }

static inline uint32_t align_up_power_of_2(uint32_t n, uint32_t a) {
    return (n + (a - 1)) & ~(a - 1);
}

#define VIRGL_FORMAT_NV12 166
#define VIRGL_FORMAT_YV12 163
#define VIRGL_FORMAT_P010 314

const uint32_t kGlBgra = 0x80e1;
const uint32_t kGlRgba = 0x1908;
const uint32_t kGlRgba16f = 0x881A;
const uint32_t kGlRgb565 = 0x8d62;
const uint32_t kGlRgba1010102 = 0x8059;
const uint32_t kGlR8 = 0x8229;
const uint32_t kGlR16 = 0x822A;
const uint32_t kGlRg8 = 0x822b;
const uint32_t kGlLuminance = 0x1909;
const uint32_t kGlLuminanceAlpha = 0x190a;
const uint32_t kGlUnsignedByte = 0x1401;
const uint32_t kGlUnsignedShort565 = 0x8363;
const uint32_t kGlDepth16 = 0x81A5;
const uint32_t kGlDepth24 = 0x81A6;
const uint32_t kGlDepth24Stencil8 = 0x88F0;
const uint32_t kGlDepth32f = 0x8CAC;
const uint32_t kGlDepth32fStencil78 = 0x8CAD;

constexpr uint32_t kFwkFormatGlCompat = 0;
constexpr uint32_t kFwkFormatYV12 = 1;
// constexpr uint32_t kFwkFormatYUV420888 = 2;
constexpr uint32_t kFwkFormatNV12 = 3;
constexpr uint32_t kFwkFormatP010 = 4;

static inline bool virgl_format_is_yuv(uint32_t format) {
    switch (format) {
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8X8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R16_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z16_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z24X8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z32_FLOAT:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z32_FLOAT_S8X24_UINT:
            return false;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_NV12:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_P010:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_YV12:
            return true;
        default:
            stream_renderer_error("Unknown virgl format 0x%x", format);
            return false;
    }
}

static inline uint32_t virgl_format_to_gl(uint32_t virgl_format) {
    switch (virgl_format) {
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
            return kGlBgra;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8X8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
            return kGlRgba;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM:
            return kGlRgb565;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R16_UNORM:
            return kGlR16;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT:
            return kGlRgba16f;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
            return kGlR8;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM:
            return kGlRg8;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_NV12:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_P010:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_YV12:
            // emulated as RGBA8888
            return kGlRgba;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM:
            return kGlRgba1010102;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z16_UNORM:
            return kGlDepth16;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z24X8_UNORM:
            return kGlDepth24;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
            return kGlDepth24Stencil8;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z32_FLOAT:
            return kGlDepth32f;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z32_FLOAT_S8X24_UINT:
            return  kGlDepth32fStencil78;
        default:
            return kGlRgba;
    }
}

static inline uint32_t virgl_format_to_fwk_format(uint32_t virgl_format) {
    switch (virgl_format) {
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_NV12:
            return kFwkFormatNV12;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_P010:
            return kFwkFormatP010;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_YV12:
            return kFwkFormatYV12;
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R16_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8X8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z16_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z24X8_UNORM:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z32_FLOAT:
        case VIRGL_FORMAT_Z32_FLOAT_S8X24_UINT:
        default:  // kFwkFormatGlCompat: No extra conversions needed
            return kFwkFormatGlCompat;
    }
}

static inline uint32_t gl_format_to_natural_type(uint32_t format) {
    switch (format) {
        case kGlBgra:
        case kGlRgba:
        case kGlLuminance:
        case kGlLuminanceAlpha:
            return kGlUnsignedByte;
        case kGlRgb565:
            return kGlUnsignedShort565;
        default:
            return kGlUnsignedByte;
    }
}

static inline size_t virgl_format_to_linear_base(uint32_t format, uint32_t totalWidth,
                                                 uint32_t totalHeight, uint32_t x, uint32_t y,
                                                 uint32_t w, uint32_t h) {
    if (virgl_format_is_yuv(format)) {
        return 0;
    } else {
        uint32_t bpp = 4;
        switch (format) {
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT:
                bpp = 8;
                break;
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8X8_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM:
                bpp = 4;
                break;
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R16_UNORM:
                bpp = 2;
                break;
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
                bpp = 1;
                break;
            default:
                stream_renderer_error("Unknown virgl format: 0x%x", format);
                return 0;
        }

        uint32_t stride = totalWidth * bpp;
        return y * stride + x * bpp;
    }
    return 0;
}

static inline size_t virgl_format_to_total_xfer_len(uint32_t format, uint32_t totalWidth,
                                                    uint32_t totalHeight, uint32_t x, uint32_t y,
                                                    uint32_t w, uint32_t h) {
    if (virgl_format_is_yuv(format)) {
        uint32_t bpp = format == VIRGL_FORMAT_P010 ? 2 : 1;

        uint32_t yWidth = totalWidth;
        uint32_t yHeight = totalHeight;
        uint32_t yStridePixels;
        if (format == VIRGL_FORMAT_NV12) {
            yStridePixels = yWidth;
        } else if (format == VIRGL_FORMAT_P010) {
            yStridePixels = yWidth;
        } else if (format == VIRGL_FORMAT_YV12) {
            yStridePixels = align_up_power_of_2(yWidth, 32);
        } else {
            stream_renderer_error("Unknown virgl format: 0x%x", format);
            return 0;
        }
        uint32_t yStrideBytes = yStridePixels * bpp;
        uint32_t ySize = yStrideBytes * yHeight;

        uint32_t uvStridePixels;
        uint32_t uvPlaneCount;
        if (format == VIRGL_FORMAT_NV12) {
            uvStridePixels = yStridePixels;
            uvPlaneCount = 1;
        } else if (format == VIRGL_FORMAT_P010) {
            uvStridePixels = yStridePixels;
            uvPlaneCount = 1;
        } else if (format == VIRGL_FORMAT_YV12) {
            uvStridePixels = yStridePixels / 2;
            uvPlaneCount = 2;
        } else {
            stream_renderer_error("Unknown virgl yuv format: 0x%x", format);
            return 0;
        }
        uint32_t uvStrideBytes = uvStridePixels * bpp;
        uint32_t uvHeight = totalHeight / 2;
        uint32_t uvSize = uvStrideBytes * uvHeight * uvPlaneCount;

        uint32_t dataSize = ySize + uvSize;
        return dataSize;
    } else {
        uint32_t bpp = 4;
        switch (format) {
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT:
                bpp = 8;
                break;
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8X8_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R10G10B10A2_UNORM:
                bpp = 4;
                break;
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R16_UNORM:
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM:
                bpp = 2;
                break;
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
                bpp = 1;
                break;
            default:
                stream_renderer_error("Unknown virgl format: 0x%x", format);
                return 0;
        }

        uint32_t stride = totalWidth * bpp;
        return (h - 1U) * stride + w * bpp;
    }
    return 0;
}

enum IovSyncDir {
    IOV_TO_LINEAR = 0,
    LINEAR_TO_IOV = 1,
};

static int sync_iov(PipeResEntry* res, uint64_t offset, const stream_renderer_box* box,
                    IovSyncDir dir) {
    stream_renderer_debug("offset: 0x%llx box: %u %u %u %u size %u x %u iovs %u linearSize %zu",
                          (unsigned long long)offset, box->x, box->y, box->w, box->h,
                          res->args.width, res->args.height, res->numIovs, res->linearSize);

    if (box->x > res->args.width || box->y > res->args.height) {
        stream_renderer_error("Box out of range of resource");
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if (box->w == 0U || box->h == 0U) {
        stream_renderer_error("Empty transfer");
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if (box->x + box->w > res->args.width) {
        stream_renderer_error("Box overflows resource width");
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    size_t linearBase = virgl_format_to_linear_base(
        res->args.format, res->args.width, res->args.height, box->x, box->y, box->w, box->h);
    size_t start = linearBase;
    // height - 1 in order to treat the (w * bpp) row specially
    // (i.e., the last row does not occupy the full stride)
    size_t length = virgl_format_to_total_xfer_len(
        res->args.format, res->args.width, res->args.height, box->x, box->y, box->w, box->h);
    size_t end = start + length;

    if (start == end) {
        stream_renderer_error("nothing to transfer");
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    if (end > res->linearSize) {
        stream_renderer_error("start + length overflows!");
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    uint32_t iovIndex = 0;
    size_t iovOffset = 0;
    size_t written = 0;
    char* linear = static_cast<char*>(res->linear);

    while (written < length) {
        if (iovIndex >= res->numIovs) {
            stream_renderer_error("write request overflowed numIovs");
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        const char* iovBase_const = static_cast<const char*>(res->iov[iovIndex].iov_base);
        char* iovBase = static_cast<char*>(res->iov[iovIndex].iov_base);
        size_t iovLen = res->iov[iovIndex].iov_len;
        size_t iovOffsetEnd = iovOffset + iovLen;

        auto lower_intersect = std::max(iovOffset, start);
        auto upper_intersect = std::min(iovOffsetEnd, end);
        if (lower_intersect < upper_intersect) {
            size_t toWrite = upper_intersect - lower_intersect;
            switch (dir) {
                case IOV_TO_LINEAR:
                    memcpy(linear + lower_intersect, iovBase_const + lower_intersect - iovOffset,
                           toWrite);
                    break;
                case LINEAR_TO_IOV:
                    memcpy(iovBase + lower_intersect - iovOffset, linear + lower_intersect,
                           toWrite);
                    break;
                default:
                    stream_renderer_error("Invalid synchronization dir");
                    return -EINVAL;
            }
            written += toWrite;
        }
        ++iovIndex;
        iovOffset += iovLen;
    }

    return 0;
}

static uint64_t convert32to64(uint32_t lo, uint32_t hi) {
    return ((uint64_t)lo) | (((uint64_t)hi) << 32);
}

class CleanupThread {
  public:
    using GenericCleanup = std::function<void()>;

    CleanupThread() : mWorker([](CleanupTask task) {
            return std::visit([](auto&& work) {
                using T = std::decay_t<decltype(work)>;
                if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, GenericCleanup>) {
                    work();
                    return android::base::WorkerProcessingResult::Continue;
                } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, Exit>) {
                    return android::base::WorkerProcessingResult::Stop;
                }
            }, std::move(task));
          }) {
        mWorker.start();
    }

    ~CleanupThread() { stop(); }

    // CleanupThread is neither copyable nor movable.
    CleanupThread(const CleanupThread& other) = delete;
    CleanupThread& operator=(const CleanupThread& other) = delete;
    CleanupThread(CleanupThread&& other) = delete;
    CleanupThread& operator=(CleanupThread&& other) = delete;

    void enqueueCleanup(GenericCleanup command) {
        mWorker.enqueue(std::move(command));
    }

    void stop() {
        mWorker.enqueue(Exit{});
        mWorker.join();
    }

  private:
    struct Exit {};
    using CleanupTask = std::variant<GenericCleanup, Exit>;
    android::base::WorkerThread<CleanupTask> mWorker;
};

class PipeVirglRenderer {
   public:
    PipeVirglRenderer() = default;

    int init(void* cookie, gfxstream::host::FeatureSet features, stream_renderer_fence_callback fence_callback) {
        stream_renderer_debug("cookie: %p", cookie);
        mCookie = cookie;
        mFeatures = features;
        mFenceCallback = fence_callback;
        mAddressSpaceDeviceControlOps = get_address_space_device_control_ops();
        if (!mAddressSpaceDeviceControlOps) {
            stream_renderer_error("Could not get address space device control ops!");
            return -EINVAL;
        }
        mVirtioGpuTimelines = VirtioGpuTimelines::create(true);
        mVirtioGpuTimelines = VirtioGpuTimelines::create(true);

#if !defined(_WIN32)
        mPageSize = getpagesize();
#endif

        mCleanupThread.reset(new CleanupThread());

        return 0;
    }

    void teardown() {
        mCleanupThread.reset();
    }

    int resetPipe(GoldfishHwPipe* hwPipe, GoldfishHostPipe* hostPipe) {
        stream_renderer_debug("Want to reset hwpipe %p to hostpipe %p", hwPipe, hostPipe);
        VirtioGpuCtxId asCtxId = (VirtioGpuCtxId)(uintptr_t)hwPipe;
        auto it = mContexts.find(asCtxId);
        if (it == mContexts.end()) {
            stream_renderer_error("fatal: pipe id %u", asCtxId);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        auto& entry = it->second;
        stream_renderer_debug("ctxid: %u prev hostpipe: %p", asCtxId, entry.hostPipe);
        entry.hostPipe = hostPipe;
        stream_renderer_debug("ctxid: %u next hostpipe: %p", asCtxId, entry.hostPipe);

        // Also update any resources associated with it
        auto resourcesIt = mContextResources.find(asCtxId);

        if (resourcesIt == mContextResources.end()) {
            return 0;
        }

        const auto& resIds = resourcesIt->second;

        for (auto resId : resIds) {
            auto resEntryIt = mResources.find(resId);
            if (resEntryIt == mResources.end()) {
                stream_renderer_error("entry with res id %u not found", resId);
                return -EINVAL;
            }

            auto& resEntry = resEntryIt->second;
            resEntry.hostPipe = hostPipe;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    int createContext(VirtioGpuCtxId ctx_id, uint32_t nlen, const char* name,
                      uint32_t context_init) {
        std::string contextName(name, nlen);

        stream_renderer_debug("ctxid: %u len: %u name: %s", ctx_id, nlen, contextName.c_str());
        auto ops = ensureAndGetServiceOps();
        auto hostPipe = ops->guest_open_with_flags(reinterpret_cast<GoldfishHwPipe*>(ctx_id),
                                                   0x1 /* is virtio */);

        if (!hostPipe) {
            stream_renderer_error("failed to create hw pipe!");
            return -EINVAL;
        }
        std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t> map;
        std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct stream_renderer_resource_create_args> blobMap;

        PipeCtxEntry res = {
            std::move(contextName),  // contextName
            context_init,            // capsetId
            ctx_id,                  // ctxId
            hostPipe,                // hostPipe
            0,                       // fence
            0,                       // AS handle
            false,                   // does not have an AS handle
            map,                     // resourceId --> ASG handle map
            blobMap,                 // blobId -> resource create args
        };

        stream_renderer_debug("initial host pipe for ctxid %u: %p", ctx_id, hostPipe);
        mContexts[ctx_id] = res;
        android_onGuestGraphicsProcessCreate(ctx_id);
        return 0;
    }

    int destroyContext(VirtioGpuCtxId handle) {
        stream_renderer_debug("ctxid: %u", handle);

        auto it = mContexts.find(handle);
        if (it == mContexts.end()) {
            stream_renderer_error("could not find context handle %u", handle);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (it->second.hasAddressSpaceHandle) {
            for (auto const& [resourceId, handle] : it->second.addressSpaceHandles) {
                // Note: this can hang as is but this has only been observed to
                // happen during shutdown. See b/329287602#comment8.
                mAddressSpaceDeviceControlOps->destroy_handle(handle);
            }
        }

        auto hostPipe = it->second.hostPipe;
        if (!hostPipe) {
            stream_renderer_error("0 is not a valid hostpipe");
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        auto ops = ensureAndGetServiceOps();
        ops->guest_close(hostPipe, GOLDFISH_PIPE_CLOSE_GRACEFUL);

        android_cleanupProcGLObjects(handle);
        mContexts.erase(it);
        return 0;
    }

    int setContextAddressSpaceHandleLocked(VirtioGpuCtxId ctxId, uint32_t handle,
                                           uint32_t resourceId) {
        auto ctxIt = mContexts.find(ctxId);
        if (ctxIt == mContexts.end()) {
            stream_renderer_error("ctx id %u is not found", ctxId);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        auto& ctxEntry = ctxIt->second;
        ctxEntry.addressSpaceHandle = handle;
        ctxEntry.hasAddressSpaceHandle = true;
        ctxEntry.addressSpaceHandles[resourceId] = handle;
        return 0;
    }

    uint32_t getAddressSpaceHandleLocked(VirtioGpuCtxId ctxId, uint32_t resourceId) {
        auto ctxIt = mContexts.find(ctxId);
        if (ctxIt == mContexts.end()) {
            stream_renderer_error("ctx id %u is not found", ctxId);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        auto& ctxEntry = ctxIt->second;

        if (!ctxEntry.addressSpaceHandles.count(resourceId)) {
            stream_renderer_error("ASG context with resource id %u", resourceId);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        return ctxEntry.addressSpaceHandles[resourceId];
    }

#define DECODE(variable, type, input) \
    type variable = {};               \
    memcpy(&variable, input, sizeof(type));

    int addressSpaceProcessCmd(VirtioGpuCtxId ctxId, uint32_t* dwords) {
        DECODE(header, gfxstream::gfxstreamHeader, dwords)

        switch (header.opCode) {
            case GFXSTREAM_CONTEXT_CREATE: {
                DECODE(contextCreate, gfxstream::gfxstreamContextCreate, dwords)

                auto resEntryIt = mResources.find(contextCreate.resourceId);
                if (resEntryIt == mResources.end()) {
                    stream_renderer_error("ASG coherent resource %u not found",
                                          contextCreate.resourceId);
                    return -EINVAL;
                }

                auto ctxIt = mContexts.find(ctxId);
                if (ctxIt == mContexts.end()) {
                    stream_renderer_error("ctx id %u not found", ctxId);
                    return -EINVAL;
                }

                auto& ctxEntry = ctxIt->second;
                auto& resEntry = resEntryIt->second;

                std::string name = ctxEntry.name + "-" + std::to_string(contextCreate.resourceId);

                // Note: resource ids can not be used as ASG handles because ASGs may outlive the
                // containing resource due asynchronous ASG destruction.
                uint32_t handle = mAddressSpaceDeviceControlOps->gen_handle();

                struct AddressSpaceCreateInfo createInfo = {
                    .handle = handle,
                    .type = android::emulation::VirtioGpuGraphics,
                    .createRenderThread = true,
                    .externalAddr = resEntry.hva,
                    .externalAddrSize = resEntry.hvaSize,
                    .virtioGpuContextId = ctxId,
                    .virtioGpuCapsetId = ctxEntry.capsetId,
                    .contextName = name.c_str(),
                    .contextNameSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(ctxEntry.name.size()),
                };

                mAddressSpaceDeviceControlOps->create_instance(createInfo);
                if (setContextAddressSpaceHandleLocked(ctxId, handle, contextCreate.resourceId)) {
                    return -EINVAL;
                }
                break;
            }
            case GFXSTREAM_CONTEXT_PING: {
                DECODE(contextPing, gfxstream::gfxstreamContextPing, dwords)

                struct android::emulation::AddressSpaceDevicePingInfo ping = {0};
                ping.metadata = ASG_NOTIFY_AVAILABLE;

                mAddressSpaceDeviceControlOps->ping_at_hva(
                    getAddressSpaceHandleLocked(ctxId, contextPing.resourceId), &ping);
                break;
            }
            default:
                break;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    int submitCmd(struct stream_renderer_command* cmd) {
        if (!cmd) return -EINVAL;

        void* buffer = reinterpret_cast<void*>(cmd->cmd);

        VirtioGpuRing ring = VirtioGpuRingGlobal{};
        stream_renderer_debug("ctx: % u, ring: %s buffer: %p dwords: %d", cmd->ctx_id,
                              to_string(ring).c_str(), buffer, cmd->cmd_size);

        if (!buffer) {
            stream_renderer_error("error: buffer null");
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (cmd->cmd_size < 4) {
            stream_renderer_error("error: not enough bytes (got %d)", cmd->cmd_size);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        DECODE(header, gfxstream::gfxstreamHeader, buffer);
        switch (header.opCode) {
            case GFXSTREAM_CONTEXT_CREATE:
            case GFXSTREAM_CONTEXT_PING:
            case GFXSTREAM_CONTEXT_PING_WITH_RESPONSE:
                if (addressSpaceProcessCmd(cmd->ctx_id, (uint32_t*)buffer)) {
                    return -EINVAL;
                }
                break;
            case GFXSTREAM_CREATE_EXPORT_SYNC: {
                DECODE(exportSync, gfxstream::gfxstreamCreateExportSync, buffer)

                uint64_t sync_handle =
                    convert32to64(exportSync.syncHandleLo, exportSync.syncHandleHi);

                stream_renderer_debug("wait for gpu ring %s", to_string(ring).c_str());
                auto taskId = mVirtioGpuTimelines->enqueueTask(ring);
#if GFXSTREAM_ENABLE_HOST_GLES
                gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->asyncWaitForGpuWithCb(sync_handle, [this, taskId] {
                    mVirtioGpuTimelines->notifyTaskCompletion(taskId);
                });
#endif
                break;
            }
            case GFXSTREAM_CREATE_EXPORT_SYNC_VK:
            case GFXSTREAM_CREATE_IMPORT_SYNC_VK: {
                // The guest sync export assumes fence context support and always uses
                // VIRTGPU_EXECBUF_RING_IDX. With this, the task created here must use
                // the same ring as the fence created for the virtio gpu command or the
                // fence may be signaled without properly waiting for the task to complete.
                ring = VirtioGpuRingContextSpecific{
                    .mCtxId = cmd->ctx_id,
                    .mRingIdx = 0,
                };

                DECODE(exportSyncVK, gfxstream::gfxstreamCreateExportSyncVK, buffer)

                uint64_t device_handle =
                    convert32to64(exportSyncVK.deviceHandleLo, exportSyncVK.deviceHandleHi);

                uint64_t fence_handle =
                    convert32to64(exportSyncVK.fenceHandleLo, exportSyncVK.fenceHandleHi);

                stream_renderer_debug("wait for gpu ring %s", to_string(ring).c_str());
                auto taskId = mVirtioGpuTimelines->enqueueTask(ring);
                gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->asyncWaitForGpuVulkanWithCb(
                    device_handle, fence_handle,
                    [this, taskId] { mVirtioGpuTimelines->notifyTaskCompletion(taskId); });
                break;
            }
            case GFXSTREAM_CREATE_QSRI_EXPORT_VK: {
                // The guest QSRI export assumes fence context support and always uses
                // VIRTGPU_EXECBUF_RING_IDX. With this, the task created here must use
                // the same ring as the fence created for the virtio gpu command or the
                // fence may be signaled without properly waiting for the task to complete.
                ring = VirtioGpuRingContextSpecific{
                    .mCtxId = cmd->ctx_id,
                    .mRingIdx = 0,
                };

                DECODE(exportQSRI, gfxstream::gfxstreamCreateQSRIExportVK, buffer)

                uint64_t image_handle =
                    convert32to64(exportQSRI.imageHandleLo, exportQSRI.imageHandleHi);

                stream_renderer_debug("wait for gpu vk qsri ring %u image 0x%llx",
                                      to_string(ring).c_str(), (unsigned long long)image_handle);
                auto taskId = mVirtioGpuTimelines->enqueueTask(ring);
                gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->asyncWaitForGpuVulkanQsriWithCb(
                    image_handle,
                    [this, taskId] { mVirtioGpuTimelines->notifyTaskCompletion(taskId); });
                break;
            }
            case GFXSTREAM_RESOURCE_CREATE_3D: {
                DECODE(create3d, gfxstream::gfxstreamResourceCreate3d, buffer)
                struct stream_renderer_resource_create_args rc3d = {0};

                rc3d.target = create3d.target;
                rc3d.format = create3d.format;
                rc3d.bind = create3d.bind;
                rc3d.width = create3d.width;
                rc3d.height = create3d.height;
                rc3d.depth = create3d.depth;
                rc3d.array_size = create3d.arraySize;
                rc3d.last_level = create3d.lastLevel;
                rc3d.nr_samples = create3d.nrSamples;
                rc3d.flags = create3d.flags;

                auto ctxIt = mContexts.find(cmd->ctx_id);
                if (ctxIt == mContexts.end()) {
                    stream_renderer_error("ctx id %u is not found", cmd->ctx_id);
                    return -EINVAL;
                }

                auto& ctxEntry = ctxIt->second;
                if (ctxEntry.blobMap.count(create3d.blobId)) {
                    stream_renderer_error("blob ID already in use");
                    return -EINVAL;
                }

                ctxEntry.blobMap[create3d.blobId] = rc3d;
                break;
            }
            case GFXSTREAM_ACQUIRE_SYNC: {
                DECODE(acquireSync, gfxstream::gfxstreamAcquireSync, buffer);

                auto ctxIt = mContexts.find(cmd->ctx_id);
                if (ctxIt == mContexts.end()) {
                    stream_renderer_error("ctx id %u is not found", cmd->ctx_id);
                    return -EINVAL;
                }

                auto& ctxEntry = ctxIt->second;
                if (ctxEntry.latestFence) {
                    stream_renderer_error("expected latest fence to empty");
                    return -EINVAL;
                }

                auto syncDescriptorInfoOpt = ExternalObjectManager::get()->removeSyncDescriptorInfo(
                    cmd->ctx_id, acquireSync.syncId);
                if (syncDescriptorInfoOpt) {
                    ctxEntry.latestFence = std::make_shared<gfxstream::SyncDescriptorInfo>(
                        std::move(*syncDescriptorInfoOpt));
                } else {
                    stream_renderer_error("failed to get sync descriptor info");
                    return -EINVAL;
                }

                break;
            }
            case GFXSTREAM_PLACEHOLDER_COMMAND_VK: {
                // Do nothing, this is a placeholder command
                break;
            }
            default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    int createFence(uint64_t fence_id, const VirtioGpuRing& ring) {
        stream_renderer_debug("fenceid: %llu ring: %s", (unsigned long long)fence_id,
                              to_string(ring).c_str());

        struct {
            FenceCompletionCallback operator()(const VirtioGpuRingGlobal&) {
                return [renderer = mRenderer, fenceId = mFenceId] {
                    struct stream_renderer_fence fence = {0};
                    fence.fence_id = fenceId;
                    fence.flags = STREAM_RENDERER_FLAG_FENCE;
                    renderer->mFenceCallback(renderer->mCookie, &fence);
                };
            }
            FenceCompletionCallback operator()(const VirtioGpuRingContextSpecific& ring) {
                return [renderer = mRenderer, fenceId = mFenceId, ring] {
                    struct stream_renderer_fence fence = {0};
                    fence.fence_id = fenceId;
                    fence.flags = STREAM_RENDERER_FLAG_FENCE | STREAM_RENDERER_FLAG_FENCE_RING_IDX;
                    fence.ctx_id = ring.mCtxId;
                    fence.ring_idx = ring.mRingIdx;
                    renderer->mFenceCallback(renderer->mCookie, &fence);
                };
            }

            PipeVirglRenderer* mRenderer;
            VirtioGpuTimelines::FenceId mFenceId;
        } visitor{
            .mRenderer = this,
            .mFenceId = fence_id,
        };
        FenceCompletionCallback callback = std::visit(visitor, ring);
        if (!callback) {
            return -EINVAL;
        }
        mVirtioGpuTimelines->enqueueFence(ring, fence_id, std::move(callback));

        return 0;
    }

    int acquireContextFence(uint32_t ctx_id, uint64_t fenceId) {
        auto ctxIt = mContexts.find(ctx_id);
        if (ctxIt == mContexts.end()) {
            stream_renderer_error("ctx id %u is not found", ctx_id);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        auto& ctxEntry = ctxIt->second;
        if (ctxEntry.latestFence) {
            mSyncMap[fenceId] = ctxEntry.latestFence;
            ctxEntry.latestFence = nullptr;
        } else {
            stream_renderer_error("Failed to acquire sync descriptor");
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    void poll() { mVirtioGpuTimelines->poll(); }

    enum pipe_texture_target {
        PIPE_BUFFER,
        PIPE_TEXTURE_1D,
        PIPE_TEXTURE_2D,
        PIPE_TEXTURE_3D,
        PIPE_TEXTURE_CUBE,
        PIPE_TEXTURE_RECT,
        PIPE_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY,
        PIPE_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY,
        PIPE_TEXTURE_CUBE_ARRAY,
        PIPE_MAX_TEXTURE_TYPES,
    };

    /**
     *  * Resource binding flags -- state tracker must specify in advance all
     *   * the ways a resource might be used.
     *    */
#define PIPE_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL (1 << 0)   /* create_surface */
#define PIPE_BIND_RENDER_TARGET (1 << 1)   /* create_surface */
#define PIPE_BIND_BLENDABLE (1 << 2)       /* create_surface */
#define PIPE_BIND_SAMPLER_VIEW (1 << 3)    /* create_sampler_view */
#define PIPE_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER (1 << 4)   /* set_vertex_buffers */
#define PIPE_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER (1 << 5)    /* draw_elements */
#define PIPE_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER (1 << 6) /* set_constant_buffer */
#define PIPE_BIND_DISPLAY_TARGET (1 << 7)  /* flush_front_buffer */
    /* gap */
#define PIPE_BIND_STREAM_OUTPUT (1 << 10)       /* set_stream_output_buffers */
#define PIPE_BIND_CURSOR (1 << 11)              /* mouse cursor */
#define PIPE_BIND_CUSTOM (1 << 12)              /* state-tracker/winsys usages */
#define PIPE_BIND_GLOBAL (1 << 13)              /* set_global_binding */
#define PIPE_BIND_SHADER_BUFFER (1 << 14)       /* set_shader_buffers */
#define PIPE_BIND_SHADER_IMAGE (1 << 15)        /* set_shader_images */
#define PIPE_BIND_COMPUTE_RESOURCE (1 << 16)    /* set_compute_resources */
#define PIPE_BIND_COMMAND_ARGS_BUFFER (1 << 17) /* pipe_draw_info.indirect */
#define PIPE_BIND_QUERY_BUFFER (1 << 18)        /* get_query_result_resource */

    ResType getResourceType(const struct stream_renderer_resource_create_args& args) const {
        if (args.target == PIPE_BUFFER) {
            return ResType::PIPE;
        }

        if (args.format != VIRGL_FORMAT_R8_UNORM) {
            return ResType::COLOR_BUFFER;
        }
        if (args.bind & VIRGL_BIND_SAMPLER_VIEW) {
            return ResType::COLOR_BUFFER;
        }
        if (args.bind & VIRGL_BIND_RENDER_TARGET) {
            return ResType::COLOR_BUFFER;
        }
        if (args.bind & VIRGL_BIND_SCANOUT) {
            return ResType::COLOR_BUFFER;
        }
        if (args.bind & VIRGL_BIND_CURSOR) {
            return ResType::COLOR_BUFFER;
        }
        if (!(args.bind & VIRGL_BIND_LINEAR)) {
            return ResType::COLOR_BUFFER;
        }

        return ResType::BUFFER;
    }

    void handleCreateResourceBuffer(struct stream_renderer_resource_create_args* args) {
        stream_renderer_debug("w:%u h:%u handle:%u", args->handle, args->width, args->height);
        gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->createBufferWithHandle(args->width * args->height,
                                                                args->handle);
    }

    void handleCreateResourceColorBuffer(struct stream_renderer_resource_create_args* args) {
        stream_renderer_debug("w h %u %u resid %u -> CreateColorBufferWithHandle", args->width,
                              args->height, args->handle);

        const uint32_t glformat = virgl_format_to_gl(args->format);
        const uint32_t fwkformat = virgl_format_to_fwk_format(args->format);

        const bool linear =
#ifdef GFXSTREAM_ENABLE_GUEST_VIRTIO_RESOURCE_TILING_CONTROL
            !!(args->bind & VIRGL_BIND_LINEAR);
#else
            false;
#endif
        gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->createColorBufferWithHandle(
            args->width, args->height, glformat, (gfxstream::FrameworkFormat)fwkformat,
            args->handle, linear);
        gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->setGuestManagedColorBufferLifetime(
            true /* guest manages lifetime */);
        gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->openColorBuffer(args->handle);
    }

    int createResource(struct stream_renderer_resource_create_args* args, struct iovec* iov,
                       uint32_t num_iovs) {
        stream_renderer_debug("handle: %u. num iovs: %u", args->handle, num_iovs);

        const auto resType = getResourceType(*args);
        switch (resType) {
            case ResType::BLOB:
                return -EINVAL;
            case ResType::PIPE:
                break;
            case ResType::BUFFER:
                handleCreateResourceBuffer(args);
                break;
            case ResType::COLOR_BUFFER:
                handleCreateResourceColorBuffer(args);
                break;
        }

        PipeResEntry e;
        e.args = *args;
        e.linear = 0;
        e.hostPipe = 0;
        e.hva = nullptr;
        e.hvaSize = 0;
        e.blobId = 0;
        e.blobMem = 0;
        e.type = resType;
        allocResource(e, iov, num_iovs);

        mResources[args->handle] = e;
        return 0;
    }

    void unrefResource(uint32_t toUnrefId) {
        stream_renderer_debug("handle: %u", toUnrefId);

        auto it = mResources.find(toUnrefId);
        if (it == mResources.end()) return;

        auto contextsIt = mResourceContexts.find(toUnrefId);
        if (contextsIt != mResourceContexts.end()) {
            mResourceContexts.erase(contextsIt->first);
        }

        for (auto& ctxIdResources : mContextResources) {
            detachResourceLocked(ctxIdResources.first, toUnrefId);
        }

        auto& entry = it->second;
        switch (entry.type) {
            case ResType::BLOB:
            case ResType::PIPE:
                break;
            case ResType::BUFFER:
                gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->closeBuffer(toUnrefId);
                break;
            case ResType::COLOR_BUFFER:
                gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->closeColorBuffer(toUnrefId);
                break;
        }

        if (entry.linear) {
            free(entry.linear);
            entry.linear = nullptr;
        }

        if (entry.iov) {
            free(entry.iov);
            entry.iov = nullptr;
            entry.numIovs = 0;
        }

        entry.hva = nullptr;
        entry.hvaSize = 0;
        entry.blobId = 0;

        mResources.erase(it);
    }

    int attachIov(int resId, iovec* iov, int num_iovs) {
        stream_renderer_debug("resid: %d numiovs: %d", resId, num_iovs);

        auto it = mResources.find(resId);
        if (it == mResources.end()) return ENOENT;

        auto& entry = it->second;
        stream_renderer_debug("res linear: %p", entry.linear);
        if (!entry.linear) allocResource(entry, iov, num_iovs);

        stream_renderer_debug("done");
        return 0;
    }

    void detachIov(int resId, iovec** iov, int* num_iovs) {
        auto it = mResources.find(resId);
        if (it == mResources.end()) return;

        auto& entry = it->second;

        if (num_iovs) {
            *num_iovs = entry.numIovs;
            stream_renderer_debug("resid: %d numIovs: %d", resId, *num_iovs);
        } else {
            stream_renderer_debug("resid: %d numIovs: 0", resId);
        }

        entry.numIovs = 0;

        if (entry.iov) free(entry.iov);
        entry.iov = nullptr;

        if (iov) {
            *iov = entry.iov;
        }

        allocResource(entry, entry.iov, entry.numIovs);
        stream_renderer_debug("done");
    }

    int handleTransferReadPipe(PipeResEntry* res, uint64_t offset, stream_renderer_box* box) {
        if (res->type != ResType::PIPE) {
            stream_renderer_error("resid: %d not a PIPE resource", res->args.handle);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        // Do the pipe service op here, if there is an associated hostpipe.
        auto hostPipe = res->hostPipe;
        if (!hostPipe) return -EINVAL;

        auto ops = ensureAndGetServiceOps();

        size_t readBytes = 0;
        size_t wantedBytes = readBytes + (size_t)box->w;

        while (readBytes < wantedBytes) {
            GoldfishPipeBuffer buf = {
                ((char*)res->linear) + box->x + readBytes,
                wantedBytes - readBytes,
            };
            auto status = ops->guest_recv(hostPipe, &buf, 1);

            if (status > 0) {
                readBytes += status;
            } else if (status == kPipeTryAgain) {
                ops->wait_guest_recv(hostPipe);
            } else {
                return EIO;
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }

    int handleTransferWritePipe(PipeResEntry* res, uint64_t offset, stream_renderer_box* box) {
        if (res->type != ResType::PIPE) {
            stream_renderer_error("resid: %d not a PIPE resource", res->args.handle);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        // Do the pipe service op here, if there is an associated hostpipe.
        auto hostPipe = res->hostPipe;
        if (!hostPipe) {
            stream_renderer_error("No hostPipe");
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        stream_renderer_debug("resid: %d offset: 0x%llx hostpipe: %p", res->args.handle,
                              (unsigned long long)offset, hostPipe);

        auto ops = ensureAndGetServiceOps();

        size_t writtenBytes = 0;
        size_t wantedBytes = (size_t)box->w;

        while (writtenBytes < wantedBytes) {
            GoldfishPipeBuffer buf = {
                ((char*)res->linear) + box->x + writtenBytes,
                wantedBytes - writtenBytes,
            };

            // guest_send can now reallocate the pipe.
            void* hostPipeBefore = hostPipe;
            auto status = ops->guest_send(&hostPipe, &buf, 1);
            if (hostPipe != hostPipeBefore) {
                if (resetPipe((GoldfishHwPipe*)(uintptr_t)(res->ctxId), hostPipe)) {
                    return -EINVAL;
                }

                auto it = mResources.find(res->args.handle);
                res = &it->second;
            }

            if (status > 0) {
                writtenBytes += status;
            } else if (status == kPipeTryAgain) {
                ops->wait_guest_send(hostPipe);
            } else {
                return EIO;
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }

    int handleTransferReadBuffer(PipeResEntry* res, uint64_t offset, stream_renderer_box* box) {
        if (res->type != ResType::BUFFER) {
            stream_renderer_error("resid: %d not a BUFFER resource", res->args.handle);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->readBuffer(
            res->args.handle, 0, res->args.width * res->args.height, res->linear);
        return 0;
    }

    int handleTransferWriteBuffer(PipeResEntry* res, uint64_t offset, stream_renderer_box* box) {
        if (res->type != ResType::BUFFER) {
            stream_renderer_error("resid: %d not a BUFFER resource", res->args.handle);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->updateBuffer(
            res->args.handle, 0, res->args.width * res->args.height, res->linear);
        return 0;
    }

    int handleTransferReadColorBuffer(PipeResEntry* res, uint64_t offset,
                                      stream_renderer_box* box) {
        if (res->type != ResType::COLOR_BUFFER) {
            stream_renderer_error("resid: %d not a COLOR_BUFFER resource", res->args.handle);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        auto glformat = virgl_format_to_gl(res->args.format);
        auto gltype = gl_format_to_natural_type(glformat);

        // We always xfer the whole thing again from GL
        // since it's fiddly to calc / copy-out subregions
        if (virgl_format_is_yuv(res->args.format)) {
            gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->readColorBufferYUV(res->args.handle, 0, 0,
                                                                res->args.width, res->args.height,
                                                                res->linear, res->linearSize);
        } else {
            gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->readColorBuffer(res->args.handle, 0, 0,
                                                             res->args.width, res->args.height,
                                                             glformat, gltype, res->linear);
        }

        return 0;
    }

    int handleTransferWriteColorBuffer(PipeResEntry* res, uint64_t offset,
                                       stream_renderer_box* box) {
        if (res->type != ResType::COLOR_BUFFER) {
            stream_renderer_error("resid: %d not a COLOR_BUFFER resource", res->args.handle);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        auto glformat = virgl_format_to_gl(res->args.format);
        auto gltype = gl_format_to_natural_type(glformat);

        // We always xfer the whole thing again to GL
        // since it's fiddly to calc / copy-out subregions
        gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->updateColorBuffer(res->args.handle, 0, 0, res->args.width,
                                                           res->args.height, glformat, gltype,
                                                           res->linear);
        return 0;
    }

    int transferReadIov(int resId, uint64_t offset, stream_renderer_box* box, struct iovec* iov,
                        int iovec_cnt) {
        auto it = mResources.find(resId);
        if (it == mResources.end()) return EINVAL;

        int ret = 0;

        auto& entry = it->second;
        switch (entry.type) {
            case ResType::BLOB:
                return -EINVAL;
            case ResType::PIPE:
                ret = handleTransferReadPipe(&entry, offset, box);
                break;
            case ResType::BUFFER:
                ret = handleTransferReadBuffer(&entry, offset, box);
                break;
            case ResType::COLOR_BUFFER:
                ret = handleTransferReadColorBuffer(&entry, offset, box);
                break;
        }

        if (ret != 0) {
            return ret;
        }

        if (iovec_cnt) {
            PipeResEntry e = {
                entry.args, iov, (uint32_t)iovec_cnt, entry.linear, entry.linearSize,
            };
            ret = sync_iov(&e, offset, box, LINEAR_TO_IOV);
        } else {
            ret = sync_iov(&entry, offset, box, LINEAR_TO_IOV);
        }

        return ret;
    }

    int transferWriteIov(int resId, uint64_t offset, stream_renderer_box* box, struct iovec* iov,
                         int iovec_cnt) {
        auto it = mResources.find(resId);
        if (it == mResources.end()) return EINVAL;

        auto& entry = it->second;

        int ret = 0;
        if (iovec_cnt) {
            PipeResEntry e = {
                entry.args, iov, (uint32_t)iovec_cnt, entry.linear, entry.linearSize,
            };
            ret = sync_iov(&e, offset, box, IOV_TO_LINEAR);
        } else {
            ret = sync_iov(&entry, offset, box, IOV_TO_LINEAR);
        }

        if (ret != 0) {
            return ret;
        }

        switch (entry.type) {
            case ResType::BLOB:
                return -EINVAL;
            case ResType::PIPE:
                ret = handleTransferWritePipe(&entry, offset, box);
                break;
            case ResType::BUFFER:
                ret = handleTransferWriteBuffer(&entry, offset, box);
                break;
            case ResType::COLOR_BUFFER:
                ret = handleTransferWriteColorBuffer(&entry, offset, box);
                break;
        }

        return ret;
    }

    void getCapset(uint32_t set, uint32_t* max_size) {
        switch (set) {
            case VIRTGPU_CAPSET_GFXSTREAM_VULKAN:
                *max_size = sizeof(struct gfxstream::vulkanCapset);
                break;
            case VIRTGPU_CAPSET_GFXSTREAM_MAGMA:
                *max_size = sizeof(struct gfxstream::magmaCapset);
                break;
            case VIRTGPU_CAPSET_GFXSTREAM_GLES:
                *max_size = sizeof(struct gfxstream::glesCapset);
                break;
            case VIRTGPU_CAPSET_GFXSTREAM_COMPOSER:
                *max_size = sizeof(struct gfxstream::composerCapset);
                break;
            default:
                stream_renderer_error("Incorrect capability set specified (%u)", set);
        }
    }

    void fillCaps(uint32_t set, void* caps) {
        switch (set) {
            case VIRTGPU_CAPSET_GFXSTREAM_VULKAN: {
                struct gfxstream::vulkanCapset* capset =
                    reinterpret_cast<struct gfxstream::vulkanCapset*>(caps);

                memset(capset, 0, sizeof(*capset));

                capset->protocolVersion = 1;
                capset->ringSize = 12288;
                capset->bufferSize = 1048576;

                auto vk_emu = gfxstream::vk::getGlobalVkEmulation();
                if (vk_emu && vk_emu->live && vk_emu->representativeColorBufferMemoryTypeInfo) {
                    capset->colorBufferMemoryIndex =
                        vk_emu->representativeColorBufferMemoryTypeInfo->guestMemoryTypeIndex;
                }

                capset->noRenderControlEnc = 1;
                capset->blobAlignment = mPageSize;
                if (vk_emu && vk_emu->live) {
                    capset->deferredMapping = 1;
                }

#if GFXSTREAM_UNSTABLE_VULKAN_DMABUF_WINSYS
                capset->alwaysBlob = 1;
#endif

#if GFXSTREAM_UNSTABLE_VULKAN_EXTERNAL_SYNC
                capset->externalSync = 1;
#endif
                break;
            }
            case VIRTGPU_CAPSET_GFXSTREAM_MAGMA: {
                struct gfxstream::magmaCapset* capset =
                    reinterpret_cast<struct gfxstream::magmaCapset*>(caps);

                capset->protocolVersion = 1;
                capset->ringSize = 12288;
                capset->bufferSize = 1048576;
                capset->blobAlignment = mPageSize;
                break;
            }
            case VIRTGPU_CAPSET_GFXSTREAM_GLES: {
                struct gfxstream::glesCapset* capset =
                    reinterpret_cast<struct gfxstream::glesCapset*>(caps);

                capset->protocolVersion = 1;
                capset->ringSize = 12288;
                capset->bufferSize = 1048576;
                capset->blobAlignment = mPageSize;
                break;
            }
            case VIRTGPU_CAPSET_GFXSTREAM_COMPOSER: {
                struct gfxstream::composerCapset* capset =
                    reinterpret_cast<struct gfxstream::composerCapset*>(caps);

                capset->protocolVersion = 1;
                capset->ringSize = 12288;
                capset->bufferSize = 1048576;
                capset->blobAlignment = mPageSize;
                break;
            }
            default:
                stream_renderer_error("Incorrect capability set specified");
        }
    }

    void attachResource(uint32_t ctxId, uint32_t resId) {
        stream_renderer_debug("ctxid: %u resid: %u", ctxId, resId);

        auto resourcesIt = mContextResources.find(ctxId);

        if (resourcesIt == mContextResources.end()) {
            std::vector<VirtioGpuResId> ids;
            ids.push_back(resId);
            mContextResources[ctxId] = ids;
        } else {
            auto& ids = resourcesIt->second;
            auto idIt = std::find(ids.begin(), ids.end(), resId);
            if (idIt == ids.end()) ids.push_back(resId);
        }

        auto contextsIt = mResourceContexts.find(resId);

        if (contextsIt == mResourceContexts.end()) {
            std::vector<VirtioGpuCtxId> ids;
            ids.push_back(ctxId);
            mResourceContexts[resId] = ids;
        } else {
            auto& ids = contextsIt->second;
            auto idIt = std::find(ids.begin(), ids.end(), ctxId);
            if (idIt == ids.end()) ids.push_back(ctxId);
        }

        // Associate the host pipe of the resource entry with the host pipe of
        // the context entry.  That is, the last context to call attachResource
        // wins if there is any conflict.
        auto ctxEntryIt = mContexts.find(ctxId);
        auto resEntryIt = mResources.find(resId);

        if (ctxEntryIt == mContexts.end() || resEntryIt == mResources.end()) return;

        stream_renderer_debug("hostPipe: %p", ctxEntryIt->second.hostPipe);
        resEntryIt->second.hostPipe = ctxEntryIt->second.hostPipe;
        resEntryIt->second.ctxId = ctxId;
    }

    void detachResource(uint32_t ctxId, uint32_t toUnrefId) {
        stream_renderer_debug("ctxid: %u resid: %u", ctxId, toUnrefId);
        detachResourceLocked(ctxId, toUnrefId);
    }

    int getResourceInfo(uint32_t resId, struct stream_renderer_resource_info* info) {
        stream_renderer_debug("resid: %u", resId);
        if (!info) return EINVAL;

        auto it = mResources.find(resId);
        if (it == mResources.end()) return ENOENT;

        auto& entry = it->second;

        uint32_t bpp = 4U;
        switch (entry.args.format) {
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
                info->drm_fourcc = DRM_FORMAT_ARGB8888;
                break;
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_B8G8R8X8_UNORM:
                info->drm_fourcc = DRM_FORMAT_XRGB8888;
                break;
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM:
                info->drm_fourcc = DRM_FORMAT_RGB565;
                bpp = 2U;
                break;
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
                info->drm_fourcc = DRM_FORMAT_ABGR8888;
                break;
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8G8B8X8_UNORM:
                info->drm_fourcc = DRM_FORMAT_XBGR8888;
                break;
            case VIRGL_FORMAT_R8_UNORM:
                info->drm_fourcc = DRM_FORMAT_R8;
                bpp = 1U;
                break;
            default:
                return EINVAL;
        }

        info->stride = align_up(entry.args.width * bpp, 16U);
        info->virgl_format = entry.args.format;
        info->handle = entry.args.handle;
        info->height = entry.args.height;
        info->width = entry.args.width;
        info->depth = entry.args.depth;
        info->flags = entry.args.flags;
        info->tex_id = 0;
        return 0;
    }

    void flushResource(uint32_t res_handle) {
        auto taskId = mVirtioGpuTimelines->enqueueTask(VirtioGpuRingGlobal{});
        gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->postWithCallback(
            res_handle, [this, taskId](std::shared_future<void> waitForGpu) {
                waitForGpu.wait();
                mVirtioGpuTimelines->notifyTaskCompletion(taskId);
            });
    }

    int createRingBlob(PipeResEntry& entry, uint32_t res_handle,
                       const struct stream_renderer_create_blob* create_blob,
                       const struct stream_renderer_handle* handle) {
        if (mFeatures.ExternalBlob.enabled) {
            std::string name = "shared-memory-" + std::to_string(res_handle);
            auto shmem = std::make_unique<SharedMemory>(name, create_blob->size);
            int ret = shmem->create(0600);
            if (ret) {
                stream_renderer_error("Failed to create shared memory blob");
                return ret;
            }

            entry.hva = shmem->get();
            entry.ringBlob = std::make_shared<RingBlob>(std::move(shmem));

        } else {
            auto mem = std::make_unique<AlignedMemory>(mPageSize, create_blob->size);
            if (mem->addr == nullptr) {
                stream_renderer_error("Failed to allocate ring blob");
                return -ENOMEM;
            }

            entry.hva = mem->addr;
            entry.ringBlob = std::make_shared<RingBlob>(std::move(mem));
        }

        entry.hvaSize = create_blob->size;
        entry.externalAddr = true;
        entry.caching = STREAM_RENDERER_MAP_CACHE_CACHED;

        return 0;
    }

    int createBlob(uint32_t ctx_id, uint32_t res_handle,
                   const struct stream_renderer_create_blob* create_blob,
                   const struct stream_renderer_handle* handle) {
        stream_renderer_debug("ctx:%u res:%u blob-id:%u blob-size:%u", ctx_id, res_handle,
                              create_blob->blob_id, create_blob->size);

        PipeResEntry e;
        struct stream_renderer_resource_create_args args = {0};
        std::optional<BlobDescriptorInfo> descriptorInfoOpt = std::nullopt;
        e.args = args;
        e.hostPipe = 0;

        auto ctxIt = mContexts.find(ctx_id);
        if (ctxIt == mContexts.end()) {
            stream_renderer_error("ctx id %u is not found", ctx_id);
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        auto& ctxEntry = ctxIt->second;

        ResType blobType = ResType::BLOB;

        auto blobIt = ctxEntry.blobMap.find(create_blob->blob_id);
        if (blobIt != ctxEntry.blobMap.end()) {
            auto& create3d = blobIt->second;
            create3d.handle = res_handle;

            const auto resType = getResourceType(create3d);
            switch (resType) {
                case ResType::BLOB:
                    return -EINVAL;
                case ResType::PIPE:
                    // Fallthrough for pipe is intended for blob buffers.
                case ResType::BUFFER:
                    blobType = ResType::BUFFER;
                    handleCreateResourceBuffer(&create3d);
                    descriptorInfoOpt = gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->exportBuffer(res_handle);
                    break;
                case ResType::COLOR_BUFFER:
                    blobType = ResType::COLOR_BUFFER;
                    handleCreateResourceColorBuffer(&create3d);
                    descriptorInfoOpt =
                        gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->exportColorBuffer(res_handle);
                    break;
            }

            e.args = create3d;
            ctxEntry.blobMap.erase(create_blob->blob_id);
        }

        if (create_blob->blob_id == 0) {
            int ret = createRingBlob(e, res_handle, create_blob, handle);
            if (ret) {
                return ret;
            }
        } else if (mFeatures.ExternalBlob.enabled) {
            if (create_blob->blob_mem == STREAM_BLOB_MEM_GUEST &&
                (create_blob->blob_flags & STREAM_BLOB_FLAG_CREATE_GUEST_HANDLE)) {
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__QNX__)
                ManagedDescriptor managedHandle(handle->os_handle);
                ExternalObjectManager::get()->addBlobDescriptorInfo(
                    ctx_id, create_blob->blob_id, std::move(managedHandle), handle->handle_type, 0,
                    std::nullopt);

                e.caching = STREAM_RENDERER_MAP_CACHE_CACHED;
#else
                return -EINVAL;
#endif
            } else {
                if (!descriptorInfoOpt) {
                    descriptorInfoOpt = ExternalObjectManager::get()->removeBlobDescriptorInfo(
                        ctx_id, create_blob->blob_id);
                }

                if (descriptorInfoOpt) {
                    e.descriptorInfo =
                        std::make_shared<BlobDescriptorInfo>(std::move(*descriptorInfoOpt));
                } else {
                    return -EINVAL;
                }

                e.caching = e.descriptorInfo->caching;
            }
        } else {
            auto entryOpt =
                ExternalObjectManager::get()->removeMapping(ctx_id, create_blob->blob_id);
            if (entryOpt) {
                e.hva = entryOpt->addr;
                e.caching = entryOpt->caching;
                e.hvaSize = create_blob->size;
            } else {
                return -EINVAL;
            }
        }

        e.blobId = create_blob->blob_id;
        e.blobMem = create_blob->blob_mem;
        e.blobFlags = create_blob->blob_flags;
        e.type = blobType;
        e.iov = nullptr;
        e.numIovs = 0;
        e.linear = 0;
        e.linearSize = 0;

        mResources[res_handle] = e;
        return 0;
    }

    int resourceMap(uint32_t res_handle, void** hvaOut, uint64_t* sizeOut) {
        if (mFeatures.ExternalBlob.enabled) return -EINVAL;

        auto it = mResources.find(res_handle);
        if (it == mResources.end()) {
            if (hvaOut) *hvaOut = nullptr;
            if (sizeOut) *sizeOut = 0;
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        const auto& entry = it->second;

        if (hvaOut) *hvaOut = entry.hva;
        if (sizeOut) *sizeOut = entry.hvaSize;
        return 0;
    }

    int resourceUnmap(uint32_t res_handle) {
        auto it = mResources.find(res_handle);
        if (it == mResources.end()) {
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        // TODO(lfy): Good place to run any registered cleanup callbacks.
        // No-op for now.
        return 0;
    }

    int platformImportResource(int res_handle, int res_info, void* resource) {
        auto it = mResources.find(res_handle);
        if (it == mResources.end()) return -EINVAL;
        bool success =
            gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->platformImportResource(res_handle, res_info, resource);
        return success ? 0 : -1;
    }

    int platformResourceInfo(int res_handle, int* width, int* height, int* internal_format) {
        bool success = false;
        auto it = mResources.find(res_handle);
        if (it == mResources.end()) return -EINVAL;
#if GFXSTREAM_ENABLE_HOST_GLES
        success = gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->getColorBufferInfo(res_handle, width, height,
                                                                      internal_format);
#endif
        return success ? 0 : -1;
    }

    void* platformCreateSharedEglContext() {
        void* ptr = nullptr;
#if GFXSTREAM_ENABLE_HOST_GLES
        ptr = gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->platformCreateSharedEglContext();
#endif
        return ptr;
    }

    int platformDestroySharedEglContext(void* context) {
        bool success = false;
#if GFXSTREAM_ENABLE_HOST_GLES
        success = gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->platformDestroySharedEglContext(context);
#endif
        return success ? 0 : -1;
    }

    int waitSyncResource(uint32_t res_handle) {
        auto it = mResources.find(res_handle);
        if (it == mResources.end()) {
            stream_renderer_error("waitSyncResource could not find resource: %d", res_handle);
            return -EINVAL;
        }
        auto& entry = it->second;
        if (ResType::COLOR_BUFFER != entry.type) {
            stream_renderer_error("waitSyncResource is undefined for non-ColorBuffer resource.");
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        return gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB()->waitSyncColorBuffer(res_handle);
    }

    int resourceMapInfo(uint32_t res_handle, uint32_t* map_info) {
        auto it = mResources.find(res_handle);
        if (it == mResources.end()) return -EINVAL;

        const auto& entry = it->second;
        *map_info = entry.caching;
        return 0;
    }

    int exportBlob(uint32_t res_handle, struct stream_renderer_handle* handle) {
        auto it = mResources.find(res_handle);
        if (it == mResources.end()) {
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        auto& entry = it->second;
        if (entry.ringBlob && entry.ringBlob->isExportable()) {
            // Handle ownership transferred to VMM, gfxstream keeps the mapping.
#ifdef _WIN32
            handle->os_handle =
                static_cast<int64_t>(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(entry.ringBlob->releaseHandle()));
#else
            handle->os_handle = static_cast<int64_t>(entry.ringBlob->releaseHandle());
#endif
            handle->handle_type = STREAM_MEM_HANDLE_TYPE_SHM;
            return 0;
        }

        if (entry.descriptorInfo) {
	    DescriptorType rawDescriptor;
            auto rawDescriptorOpt = entry.descriptorInfo->descriptor.release();
            if (rawDescriptorOpt)
                rawDescriptor = *rawDescriptorOpt;
            else
                return -EINVAL;

            handle->handle_type = entry.descriptorInfo->handleType;

#ifdef _WIN32
            handle->os_handle = static_cast<int64_t>(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(rawDescriptor));
#else
            handle->os_handle = static_cast<int64_t>(rawDescriptor);
#endif

            return 0;
        }

        return -EINVAL;
    }

    int exportFence(uint64_t fenceId, struct stream_renderer_handle* handle) {
        auto it = mSyncMap.find(fenceId);
        if (it == mSyncMap.end()) {
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        auto& entry = it->second;
        DescriptorType rawDescriptor;
        auto rawDescriptorOpt = entry->descriptor.release();
        if (rawDescriptorOpt)
            rawDescriptor = *rawDescriptorOpt;
        else
            return -EINVAL;

        handle->handle_type = entry->handleType;

#ifdef _WIN32
        handle->os_handle = static_cast<int64_t>(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(rawDescriptor));
#else
        handle->os_handle = static_cast<int64_t>(rawDescriptor);
#endif

        return 0;
    }

    int vulkanInfo(uint32_t res_handle, struct stream_renderer_vulkan_info* vulkan_info) {
        auto it = mResources.find(res_handle);
        if (it == mResources.end()) return -EINVAL;

        const auto& entry = it->second;
        if (entry.descriptorInfo && entry.descriptorInfo->vulkanInfoOpt) {
            vulkan_info->memory_index = (*entry.descriptorInfo->vulkanInfoOpt).memoryIndex;
            memcpy(vulkan_info->device_id.device_uuid,
                   (*entry.descriptorInfo->vulkanInfoOpt).deviceUUID,
                   sizeof(vulkan_info->device_id.device_uuid));
            memcpy(vulkan_info->device_id.driver_uuid,
                   (*entry.descriptorInfo->vulkanInfoOpt).driverUUID,
                   sizeof(vulkan_info->device_id.driver_uuid));
            return 0;
        }

        return -EINVAL;
    }

#ifdef CONFIG_AEMU
    void setServiceOps(const GoldfishPipeServiceOps* ops) { mServiceOps = ops; }
#endif  // CONFIG_AEMU
   private:
    void allocResource(PipeResEntry& entry, iovec* iov, int num_iovs) {
        stream_renderer_debug("entry linear: %p", entry.linear);
        if (entry.linear) free(entry.linear);

        size_t linearSize = 0;
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_iovs; ++i) {
            stream_renderer_debug("iov base: %p", iov[i].iov_base);
            linearSize += iov[i].iov_len;
            stream_renderer_debug("has iov of %zu. linearSize current: %zu", iov[i].iov_len,
                                  linearSize);
        }
        stream_renderer_debug("final linearSize: %zu", linearSize);

        void* linear = nullptr;

        if (linearSize) linear = malloc(linearSize);

        entry.numIovs = num_iovs;
        entry.iov = (iovec*)malloc(sizeof(*iov) * num_iovs);
        if (entry.numIovs > 0) {
            memcpy(entry.iov, iov, num_iovs * sizeof(*iov));
        }
        entry.linear = linear;
        entry.linearSize = linearSize;
    }

    void detachResourceLocked(uint32_t ctxId, uint32_t toUnrefId) {
        stream_renderer_debug("ctxid: %u resid: %u", ctxId, toUnrefId);

        auto it = mContextResources.find(ctxId);
        if (it == mContextResources.end()) return;

        std::vector<VirtioGpuResId> withoutRes;
        for (auto resId : it->second) {
            if (resId != toUnrefId) {
                withoutRes.push_back(resId);
            }
        }
        mContextResources[ctxId] = withoutRes;

        auto resourceIt = mResources.find(toUnrefId);
        if (resourceIt == mResources.end()) return;
        auto& resource = resourceIt->second;

        resource.hostPipe = 0;
        resource.ctxId = 0;

        auto ctxIt = mContexts.find(ctxId);
        if (ctxIt != mContexts.end()) {
            auto& ctxEntry = ctxIt->second;
            if (ctxEntry.addressSpaceHandles.count(toUnrefId)) {
                uint32_t asgHandle = ctxEntry.addressSpaceHandles[toUnrefId];

                mCleanupThread->enqueueCleanup([this, asgBlob = resource.ringBlob, asgHandle](){
                    mAddressSpaceDeviceControlOps->destroy_handle(asgHandle);
                });

                ctxEntry.addressSpaceHandles.erase(toUnrefId);
            }
        }
    }

    inline const GoldfishPipeServiceOps* ensureAndGetServiceOps() {
        if (mServiceOps) return mServiceOps;
        mServiceOps = goldfish_pipe_get_service_ops();
        return mServiceOps;
    }

    void* mCookie = nullptr;
    gfxstream::host::FeatureSet mFeatures;
    stream_renderer_fence_callback mFenceCallback;
    uint32_t mPageSize = 4096;
    struct address_space_device_control_ops* mAddressSpaceDeviceControlOps = nullptr;

    const GoldfishPipeServiceOps* mServiceOps = nullptr;

    std::unordered_map<VirtioGpuCtxId, PipeCtxEntry> mContexts;
    std::unordered_map<VirtioGpuResId, PipeResEntry> mResources;
    std::unordered_map<VirtioGpuCtxId, std::vector<VirtioGpuResId>> mContextResources;
    std::unordered_map<VirtioGpuResId, std::vector<VirtioGpuCtxId>> mResourceContexts;
    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::shared_ptr<SyncDescriptorInfo>> mSyncMap;

    // When we wait for gpu or wait for gpu vulkan, the next (and subsequent)
    // fences created for that context should not be signaled immediately.
    // Rather, they should get in line.
    std::unique_ptr<VirtioGpuTimelines> mVirtioGpuTimelines = nullptr;

    std::unique_ptr<CleanupThread> mCleanupThread;
};

static PipeVirglRenderer* sRenderer() {
    static PipeVirglRenderer* p = new PipeVirglRenderer;
    return p;
}

extern "C" {

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_resource_create(struct stream_renderer_resource_create_args* args,
                                              struct iovec* iov, uint32_t num_iovs) {
    return sRenderer()->createResource(args, iov, num_iovs);
}

VG_EXPORT void stream_renderer_resource_unref(uint32_t res_handle) {
    sRenderer()->unrefResource(res_handle);
}

VG_EXPORT void stream_renderer_context_destroy(uint32_t handle) {
    sRenderer()->destroyContext(handle);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_submit_cmd(struct stream_renderer_command* cmd) {
    return sRenderer()->submitCmd(cmd);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_transfer_read_iov(uint32_t handle, uint32_t ctx_id, uint32_t level,
                                                uint32_t stride, uint32_t layer_stride,
                                                struct stream_renderer_box* box, uint64_t offset,
                                                struct iovec* iov, int iovec_cnt) {
    return sRenderer()->transferReadIov(handle, offset, box, iov, iovec_cnt);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_transfer_write_iov(uint32_t handle, uint32_t ctx_id, int level,
                                                 uint32_t stride, uint32_t layer_stride,
                                                 struct stream_renderer_box* box, uint64_t offset,
                                                 struct iovec* iovec, unsigned int iovec_cnt) {
    return sRenderer()->transferWriteIov(handle, offset, box, iovec, iovec_cnt);
}

VG_EXPORT void stream_renderer_get_cap_set(uint32_t set, uint32_t* max_ver, uint32_t* max_size) {
    // `max_ver` not useful
    return sRenderer()->getCapset(set, max_size);
}

VG_EXPORT void stream_renderer_fill_caps(uint32_t set, uint32_t version, void* caps) {
    // `version` not useful
    return sRenderer()->fillCaps(set, caps);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_resource_attach_iov(int res_handle, struct iovec* iov, int num_iovs) {
    return sRenderer()->attachIov(res_handle, iov, num_iovs);
}

VG_EXPORT void stream_renderer_resource_detach_iov(int res_handle, struct iovec** iov,
                                                   int* num_iovs) {
    return sRenderer()->detachIov(res_handle, iov, num_iovs);
}

VG_EXPORT void stream_renderer_ctx_attach_resource(int ctx_id, int res_handle) {
    sRenderer()->attachResource(ctx_id, res_handle);
}

VG_EXPORT void stream_renderer_ctx_detach_resource(int ctx_id, int res_handle) {
    sRenderer()->detachResource(ctx_id, res_handle);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_resource_get_info(int res_handle,
                                                struct stream_renderer_resource_info* info) {
    return sRenderer()->getResourceInfo(res_handle, info);
}

VG_EXPORT void stream_renderer_flush(uint32_t res_handle) {
    sRenderer()->flushResource(res_handle);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_create_blob(uint32_t ctx_id, uint32_t res_handle,
                                          const struct stream_renderer_create_blob* create_blob,
                                          const struct iovec* iovecs, uint32_t num_iovs,
                                          const struct stream_renderer_handle* handle) {
    sRenderer()->createBlob(ctx_id, res_handle, create_blob, handle);
    return 0;
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_export_blob(uint32_t res_handle,
                                          struct stream_renderer_handle* handle) {
    return sRenderer()->exportBlob(res_handle, handle);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_resource_map(uint32_t res_handle, void** hvaOut, uint64_t* sizeOut) {
    return sRenderer()->resourceMap(res_handle, hvaOut, sizeOut);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_resource_unmap(uint32_t res_handle) {
    return sRenderer()->resourceUnmap(res_handle);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_context_create(uint32_t ctx_id, uint32_t nlen, const char* name,
                                             uint32_t context_init) {
    return sRenderer()->createContext(ctx_id, nlen, name, context_init);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_create_fence(const struct stream_renderer_fence* fence) {
    if (fence->flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAG_FENCE_SHAREABLE) {
        int ret = sRenderer()->acquireContextFence(fence->ctx_id, fence->fence_id);
        if (ret) {
            return ret;
        }
    }

    if (fence->flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAG_FENCE_RING_IDX) {
        sRenderer()->createFence(fence->fence_id, VirtioGpuRingContextSpecific{
                                                      .mCtxId = fence->ctx_id,
                                                      .mRingIdx = fence->ring_idx,
                                                  });
    } else {
        sRenderer()->createFence(fence->fence_id, VirtioGpuRingGlobal{});
    }

    return 0;
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_export_fence(uint64_t fence_id,
                                           struct stream_renderer_handle* handle) {
    return sRenderer()->exportFence(fence_id, handle);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_platform_import_resource(int res_handle, int res_info,
                                                       void* resource) {
    return sRenderer()->platformImportResource(res_handle, res_info, resource);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_platform_resource_info(int res_handle, int* width, int* height,
                                                     int* internal_format) {
    return sRenderer()->platformResourceInfo(res_handle, width, height, internal_format);
}

VG_EXPORT void* stream_renderer_platform_create_shared_egl_context() {
    return sRenderer()->platformCreateSharedEglContext();
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_platform_destroy_shared_egl_context(void* context) {
    return sRenderer()->platformDestroySharedEglContext(context);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_wait_sync_resource(uint32_t res_handle) {
    return sRenderer()->waitSyncResource(res_handle);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_resource_map_info(uint32_t res_handle, uint32_t* map_info) {
    return sRenderer()->resourceMapInfo(res_handle, map_info);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_vulkan_info(uint32_t res_handle,
                                          struct stream_renderer_vulkan_info* vulkan_info) {
    return sRenderer()->vulkanInfo(res_handle, vulkan_info);
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_snapshot(const char* dir) {
#ifdef GFXSTREAM_ENABLE_HOST_VK_SNAPSHOT
    std::string dirString(dir);

    std::string snapshotFileName = dirString + "snapshot.bin";

    std::unique_ptr<android::base::StdioStream> stream(new android::base::StdioStream(
        fopen(snapshotFileName.c_str(), "wb"), android::base::StdioStream::kOwner));

    android_getOpenglesRenderer()->pauseAllPreSave();
    android::snapshot::SnapshotSaveStream saveStream{
        .stream = stream.get(),
    };

    android_getOpenglesRenderer()->save(saveStream.stream, saveStream.textureSaver);
    return 0;
#else
    stream_renderer_error("Snapshot save requested without support.");
    return -EINVAL;
#endif
}

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_restore(const char* dir) {
#ifdef GFXSTREAM_ENABLE_HOST_VK_SNAPSHOT
    std::string dirString(dir);
    std::string snapshotFileName = dirString + "snapshot.bin";

    std::unique_ptr<android::base::StdioStream> stream(new android::base::StdioStream(
        fopen(snapshotFileName.c_str(), "rb"), android::base::StdioStream::kOwner));

    android::snapshot::SnapshotLoadStream loadStream{
        .stream = stream.get(),
    };

    android_getOpenglesRenderer()->load(loadStream.stream, loadStream.textureLoader);

    // In end2end tests, we don't really do snapshot save for render threads.
    // We will need to resume all render threads without waiting for snapshot.
    android_getOpenglesRenderer()->resumeAll(false);
    return 0;
#else
    stream_renderer_error("Snapshot save requested without support.");
    return -EINVAL;
#endif
}

static const GoldfishPipeServiceOps goldfish_pipe_service_ops = {
    // guest_open()
    [](GoldfishHwPipe* hwPipe) -> GoldfishHostPipe* {
        return static_cast<GoldfishHostPipe*>(android_pipe_guest_open(hwPipe));
    },
    // guest_open_with_flags()
    [](GoldfishHwPipe* hwPipe, uint32_t flags) -> GoldfishHostPipe* {
        return static_cast<GoldfishHostPipe*>(android_pipe_guest_open_with_flags(hwPipe, flags));
    },
    // guest_close()
    [](GoldfishHostPipe* hostPipe, GoldfishPipeCloseReason reason) {
        static_assert((int)GOLDFISH_PIPE_CLOSE_GRACEFUL == (int)PIPE_CLOSE_GRACEFUL,
                      "Invalid PIPE_CLOSE_GRACEFUL value");
        static_assert((int)GOLDFISH_PIPE_CLOSE_REBOOT == (int)PIPE_CLOSE_REBOOT,
                      "Invalid PIPE_CLOSE_REBOOT value");
        static_assert((int)GOLDFISH_PIPE_CLOSE_LOAD_SNAPSHOT == (int)PIPE_CLOSE_LOAD_SNAPSHOT,
                      "Invalid PIPE_CLOSE_LOAD_SNAPSHOT value");
        static_assert((int)GOLDFISH_PIPE_CLOSE_ERROR == (int)PIPE_CLOSE_ERROR,
                      "Invalid PIPE_CLOSE_ERROR value");

        android_pipe_guest_close(hostPipe, static_cast<PipeCloseReason>(reason));
    },
    // guest_pre_load()
    [](QEMUFile* file) { (void)file; },
    // guest_post_load()
    [](QEMUFile* file) { (void)file; },
    // guest_pre_save()
    [](QEMUFile* file) { (void)file; },
    // guest_post_save()
    [](QEMUFile* file) { (void)file; },
    // guest_load()
    [](QEMUFile* file, GoldfishHwPipe* hwPipe, char* force_close) -> GoldfishHostPipe* {
        (void)file;
        (void)hwPipe;
        (void)force_close;
        return nullptr;
    },
    // guest_save()
    [](GoldfishHostPipe* hostPipe, QEMUFile* file) {
        (void)hostPipe;
        (void)file;
    },
    // guest_poll()
    [](GoldfishHostPipe* hostPipe) {
        static_assert((int)GOLDFISH_PIPE_POLL_IN == (int)PIPE_POLL_IN, "invalid POLL_IN values");
        static_assert((int)GOLDFISH_PIPE_POLL_OUT == (int)PIPE_POLL_OUT, "invalid POLL_OUT values");
        static_assert((int)GOLDFISH_PIPE_POLL_HUP == (int)PIPE_POLL_HUP, "invalid POLL_HUP values");

        return static_cast<GoldfishPipePollFlags>(android_pipe_guest_poll(hostPipe));
    },
    // guest_recv()
    [](GoldfishHostPipe* hostPipe, GoldfishPipeBuffer* buffers, int numBuffers) -> int {
        // NOTE: Assumes that AndroidPipeBuffer and GoldfishPipeBuffer
        //       have exactly the same layout.
        static_assert(sizeof(AndroidPipeBuffer) == sizeof(GoldfishPipeBuffer),
                      "Invalid PipeBuffer sizes");
    // We can't use a static_assert with offsetof() because in msvc, it uses
    // reinterpret_cast.
    // TODO: Add runtime assertion instead?
    // https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/content/problem/22196/static-assert-cannot-compile-constexprs-method-tha.html
#ifndef _MSC_VER
        static_assert(offsetof(AndroidPipeBuffer, data) == offsetof(GoldfishPipeBuffer, data),
                      "Invalid PipeBuffer::data offsets");
        static_assert(offsetof(AndroidPipeBuffer, size) == offsetof(GoldfishPipeBuffer, size),
                      "Invalid PipeBuffer::size offsets");
#endif
        return android_pipe_guest_recv(hostPipe, reinterpret_cast<AndroidPipeBuffer*>(buffers),
                                       numBuffers);
    },
    // wait_guest_recv()
    [](GoldfishHostPipe* hostPipe) {
        android_pipe_wait_guest_recv(hostPipe);
    },
    // guest_send()
    [](GoldfishHostPipe** hostPipe, const GoldfishPipeBuffer* buffers, int numBuffers) -> int {
        return android_pipe_guest_send(reinterpret_cast<void**>(hostPipe),
                                       reinterpret_cast<const AndroidPipeBuffer*>(buffers),
                                       numBuffers);
    },
    // wait_guest_send()
    [](GoldfishHostPipe* hostPipe) {
        android_pipe_wait_guest_send(hostPipe);
    },
    // guest_wake_on()
    [](GoldfishHostPipe* hostPipe, GoldfishPipeWakeFlags wakeFlags) {
        android_pipe_guest_wake_on(hostPipe, static_cast<int>(wakeFlags));
    },
    // dma_add_buffer()
    [](void* pipe, uint64_t paddr, uint64_t sz) {
        // not considered for virtio
    },
    // dma_remove_buffer()
    [](uint64_t paddr) {
        // not considered for virtio
    },
    // dma_invalidate_host_mappings()
    []() {
        // not considered for virtio
    },
    // dma_reset_host_mappings()
    []() {
        // not considered for virtio
    },
    // dma_save_mappings()
    [](QEMUFile* file) { (void)file; },
    // dma_load_mappings()
    [](QEMUFile* file) { (void)file; },
};

static int stream_renderer_opengles_init(uint32_t display_width, uint32_t display_height,
                                         int renderer_flags, gfxstream::host::FeatureSet features) {
    stream_renderer_debug("start. display dimensions: width %u height %u, renderer flags: 0x%x",
                          display_width, display_height, renderer_flags);

    // Flags processing

    // TODO: hook up "gfxstream egl" to the renderer flags
    // STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_USE_EGL_BIT in crosvm
    // as it's specified from launch_cvd.
    // At the moment, use ANDROID_GFXSTREAM_EGL=1
    // For test on GCE
    if (android::base::getEnvironmentVariable("ANDROID_GFXSTREAM_EGL") == "1") {
        android::base::setEnvironmentVariable("ANDROID_EGL_ON_EGL", "1");
        android::base::setEnvironmentVariable("ANDROID_EMUGL_LOG_PRINT", "1");
        android::base::setEnvironmentVariable("ANDROID_EMUGL_VERBOSE", "1");
    }
    // end for test on GCE

    android::base::setEnvironmentVariable("ANDROID_EMU_HEADLESS", "1");

    bool egl2eglByEnv = android::base::getEnvironmentVariable("ANDROID_EGL_ON_EGL") == "1";
    bool egl2eglByFlag = renderer_flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_USE_EGL_BIT;
    bool enable_egl2egl = egl2eglByFlag || egl2eglByEnv;
    if (enable_egl2egl) {
        android::base::setEnvironmentVariable("ANDROID_GFXSTREAM_EGL", "1");
        android::base::setEnvironmentVariable("ANDROID_EGL_ON_EGL", "1");
    }

    bool surfaceless = renderer_flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_USE_SURFACELESS_BIT;

    android::featurecontrol::productFeatureOverride();

    gfxstream::vk::vkDispatch(false /* don't use test ICD */);

    auto androidHw = aemu_get_android_hw();

    androidHw->hw_gltransport_asg_writeBufferSize = 1048576;
    androidHw->hw_gltransport_asg_writeStepSize = 262144;
    androidHw->hw_gltransport_asg_dataRingSize = 524288;
    androidHw->hw_gltransport_drawFlushInterval = 10000;

    EmuglConfig config;

    // Make all the console agents available.
    android::emulation::injectGraphicsAgents(android::emulation::GfxStreamGraphicsAgentFactory());

    emuglConfig_init(&config, true /* gpu enabled */, "auto",
                     enable_egl2egl ? "swiftshader_indirect" : "host", 64, /* bitness */
                     surfaceless,                                          /* no window */
                     false,                                                /* blocklisted */
                     false,                                                /* has guest renderer */
                     WINSYS_GLESBACKEND_PREFERENCE_AUTO, true /* force host gpu vulkan */);

    emuglConfig_setupEnv(&config);

    android_prepareOpenglesEmulation();

    {
        static gfxstream::RenderLibPtr renderLibPtr = gfxstream::initLibrary();
        android_setOpenglesEmulation(renderLibPtr.get(), nullptr, nullptr);
    }

    int maj;
    int min;
    android_startOpenglesRenderer(display_width, display_height, 1, 28, getGraphicsAgents()->vm,
                                  getGraphicsAgents()->emu, getGraphicsAgents()->multi_display,
                                  &features, &maj, &min);

    char* vendor = nullptr;
    char* renderer = nullptr;
    char* version = nullptr;

    android_getOpenglesHardwareStrings(&vendor, &renderer, &version);

    stream_renderer_info("GL strings; [%s] [%s] [%s].", vendor, renderer, version);

    auto openglesRenderer = android_getOpenglesRenderer();

    if (!openglesRenderer) {
        stream_renderer_error("No renderer started, fatal");
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    address_space_set_vm_operations(getGraphicsAgents()->vm);
    android_init_opengles_pipe();
    android_opengles_pipe_set_recv_mode(2 /* virtio-gpu */);
    android_init_refcount_pipe();

    return 0;
}

namespace {

int parseGfxstreamFeatures(const int renderer_flags,
                           const std::string& renderer_features,
                           gfxstream::host::FeatureSet& features) {
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, ExternalBlob,
        renderer_flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_USE_EXTERNAL_BLOB);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(&features, VulkanExternalSync,
                                       renderer_flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_VULKAN_EXTERNAL_SYNC);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, GlAsyncSwap, false);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, GlDirectMem, false);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, GlDma, false);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, GlesDynamicVersion, true);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, GlPipeChecksum, false);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, GuestVulkanOnly,
        (renderer_flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_USE_VK_BIT) &&
        !(renderer_flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_USE_GLES_BIT));
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, HostComposition, true);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, NativeTextureDecompression, false);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, NoDelayCloseColorBuffer, true);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, PlayStoreImage,
        !(renderer_flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_USE_GLES_BIT));
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, RefCountPipe,
        /*Resources are ref counted via guest file objects.*/false);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, SystemBlob,
        renderer_flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_USE_SYSTEM_BLOB);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, VirtioGpuFenceContexts, true);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, VirtioGpuNativeSync, true);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, VirtioGpuNext, true);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, Vulkan,
        renderer_flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_USE_VK_BIT);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, VulkanBatchedDescriptorSetUpdate, true);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, VulkanIgnoredHandles, true);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, VulkanNativeSwapchain,
        renderer_flags & STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_VULKAN_NATIVE_SWAPCHAIN_BIT);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, VulkanNullOptionalStrings, true);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, VulkanQueueSubmitWithCommands, true);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, VulkanShaderFloat16Int8, true);
    GFXSTREAM_SET_FEATURE_ON_CONDITION(
        &features, VulkanSnapshots,
        android::base::getEnvironmentVariable("ANDROID_GFXSTREAM_CAPTURE_VK_SNAPSHOT") == "1");

    for (const std::string& renderer_feature : gfxstream::Split(renderer_features, ",")) {
        if (renderer_feature.empty()) continue;

        const std::vector<std::string>& parts = gfxstream::Split(renderer_feature, ":");
        if (parts.size() != 2) {
            stream_renderer_error("Error: invalid renderer features: %s",
                                  renderer_features.c_str());
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        const std::string& feature_name = parts[0];

        auto feature_it = features.map.find(feature_name);
        if (feature_it == features.map.end()) {
            stream_renderer_error("Error: invalid renderer feature: '%s'", feature_name.c_str());
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        const std::string& feature_status = parts[1];
        if (feature_status != "enabled" && feature_status != "disabled") {
            stream_renderer_error("Error: invalid option %s for renderer feature: %s",
                                  feature_status.c_str(), feature_name.c_str());
            return -EINVAL;
        }

        auto& feature_info = feature_it->second;
        feature_info->enabled = feature_status == "enabled";
        feature_info->reason = "Overridden via STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_RENDERER_FEATURES";

        stream_renderer_error("Gfxstream feature %s %s", feature_name.c_str(),
                              feature_status.c_str());
    }

    if (features.SystemBlob.enabled) {
        if(!features.ExternalBlob.enabled) {
            stream_renderer_error("The SystemBlob features requires the ExternalBlob feature.");
            return -EINVAL;
        }
#ifndef _WIN32
        stream_renderer_warn("Warning: USE_SYSTEM_BLOB has only been tested on Windows");
#endif
    }
    if (features.VulkanNativeSwapchain.enabled && !features.Vulkan.enabled) {
        stream_renderer_error("can't enable vulkan native swapchain, Vulkan is disabled");
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    return 0;
}

}  // namespace

VG_EXPORT int stream_renderer_init(struct stream_renderer_param* stream_renderer_params,
                                   uint64_t num_params) {
    // Required parameters.
    std::unordered_set<uint64_t> required_params{STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_USER_DATA,
                                                 STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_RENDERER_FLAGS,
                                                 STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_FENCE_CALLBACK};

    // String names of the parameters.
    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::string> param_strings{
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_USER_DATA, "USER_DATA"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_RENDERER_FLAGS, "RENDERER_FLAGS"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_FENCE_CALLBACK, "FENCE_CALLBACK"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_WIN0_WIDTH, "WIN0_WIDTH"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_WIN0_HEIGHT, "WIN0_HEIGHT"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_DEBUG_CALLBACK, "DEBUG_CALLBACK"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_SKIP_OPENGLES_INIT, "SKIP_OPENGLES_INIT"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_INSTANT_EVENT,
         "METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_INSTANT_EVENT"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_INSTANT_EVENT_WITH_DESCRIPTOR,
         "METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_INSTANT_EVENT_WITH_DESCRIPTOR"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_INSTANT_EVENT_WITH_METRIC,
         "METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_INSTANT_EVENT_WITH_METRIC"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_VULKAN_OUT_OF_MEMORY_EVENT,
         "METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_VULKAN_OUT_OF_MEMORY_EVENT"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_SET_ANNOTATION, "METRICS_CALLBACK_SET_ANNOTATION"},
        {STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_ABORT, "METRICS_CALLBACK_ABORT"}};

    // Print full values for these parameters:
    // Values here must not be pointers (e.g. callback functions), to avoid potentially identifying
    // someone via ASLR. Pointers in ASLR are randomized on boot, which means pointers may be
    // different between users but similar across a single user's sessions.
    // As a convenience, any value <= 4096 is also printed, to catch small or null pointer errors.
    std::unordered_set<uint64_t> printed_param_values{STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_RENDERER_FLAGS,
                                                      STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_WIN0_WIDTH,
                                                      STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_WIN0_HEIGHT};

    // We may have unknown parameters, so this function is lenient.
    auto get_param_string = [&](uint64_t key) -> std::string {
        auto param_string = param_strings.find(key);
        if (param_string != param_strings.end()) {
            return param_string->second;
        } else {
            return "Unknown param with key=" + std::to_string(key);
        }
    };

    // Initialization data.
    uint32_t display_width = 0;
    uint32_t display_height = 0;
    void* renderer_cookie = nullptr;
    int renderer_flags = 0;
    std::string renderer_features_str;
    stream_renderer_fence_callback fence_callback = nullptr;
    bool skip_opengles = false;

    // Iterate all parameters that we support.
    stream_renderer_debug("Reading stream renderer parameters:");
    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_params; ++i) {
        stream_renderer_param& param = stream_renderer_params[i];

        // Print out parameter we are processing. See comment above `printed_param_values` before
        // adding new prints.
        if (printed_param_values.find(param.key) != printed_param_values.end() ||
            param.value <= 4096) {
            stream_renderer_debug("%s - %llu", get_param_string(param.key).c_str(),
                                  static_cast<unsigned long long>(param.value));
        } else {
            // If not full value, print that it was passed.
            stream_renderer_debug("%s", get_param_string(param.key).c_str());
        }

        // Removing every param we process will leave required_params empty if all provided.
        required_params.erase(param.key);

        switch (param.key) {
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_NULL:
                break;
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_USER_DATA: {
                renderer_cookie = reinterpret_cast<void*>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(param.value));
                globalUserData = renderer_cookie;
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_RENDERER_FLAGS: {
                renderer_flags = static_cast<int>(param.value);
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_FENCE_CALLBACK: {
                fence_callback = reinterpret_cast<stream_renderer_fence_callback>(
                    static_cast<uintptr_t>(param.value));
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_WIN0_WIDTH: {
                display_width = static_cast<uint32_t>(param.value);
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_WIN0_HEIGHT: {
                display_height = static_cast<uint32_t>(param.value);
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_DEBUG_CALLBACK: {
                globalDebugCallback = reinterpret_cast<stream_renderer_debug_callback>(
                    static_cast<uintptr_t>(param.value));
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_SKIP_OPENGLES_INIT: {
                skip_opengles = static_cast<bool>(param.value);
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_INSTANT_EVENT: {
                MetricsLogger::add_instant_event_callback =
                    reinterpret_cast<stream_renderer_param_metrics_callback_add_instant_event>(
                        static_cast<uintptr_t>(param.value));
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_INSTANT_EVENT_WITH_DESCRIPTOR: {
                MetricsLogger::add_instant_event_with_descriptor_callback = reinterpret_cast<
                    stream_renderer_param_metrics_callback_add_instant_event_with_descriptor>(
                    static_cast<uintptr_t>(param.value));
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_INSTANT_EVENT_WITH_METRIC: {
                MetricsLogger::add_instant_event_with_metric_callback = reinterpret_cast<
                    stream_renderer_param_metrics_callback_add_instant_event_with_metric>(
                    static_cast<uintptr_t>(param.value));
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_ADD_VULKAN_OUT_OF_MEMORY_EVENT: {
                MetricsLogger::add_vulkan_out_of_memory_event = reinterpret_cast<
                    stream_renderer_param_metrics_callback_add_vulkan_out_of_memory_event>(
                    static_cast<uintptr_t>(param.value));
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_RENDERER_FEATURES: {
                renderer_features_str =
                    std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(param.value)));
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_SET_ANNOTATION: {
                MetricsLogger::set_crash_annotation_callback =
                    reinterpret_cast<stream_renderer_param_metrics_callback_set_annotation>(
                        static_cast<uintptr_t>(param.value));
                break;
            }
            case STREAM_RENDERER_PARAM_METRICS_CALLBACK_ABORT: {
                emugl::setDieFunction(
                    reinterpret_cast<stream_renderer_param_metrics_callback_abort>(
                        static_cast<uintptr_t>(param.value)));
                break;
            }
            default: {
                // We skip any parameters we don't recognize.
                stream_renderer_error(
                    "Skipping unknown parameter key: %llu. May need to upgrade gfxstream.",
                    static_cast<unsigned long long>(param.key));
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    stream_renderer_debug("Finished reading parameters");

    // Some required params not found.
    if (required_params.size() > 0) {
        stream_renderer_error("Missing required parameters:");
        for (uint64_t param : required_params) {
            stream_renderer_error("%s", get_param_string(param).c_str());
        }
        stream_renderer_error("Failing initialization intentionally");
        return -EINVAL;
    }

#if GFXSTREAM_UNSTABLE_VULKAN_EXTERNAL_SYNC
    renderer_flags |= STREAM_RENDERER_FLAGS_VULKAN_EXTERNAL_SYNC;
#endif

    gfxstream::host::FeatureSet features;
    int ret = parseGfxstreamFeatures(renderer_flags, renderer_features_str, features);
    if (ret) {
        stream_renderer_error("Failed to initialize: failed to parse Gfxstream features.");
        return ret;
    }

    stream_renderer_info("Gfxstream features:");
    for (const auto& [_, featureInfo] : features.map) {
        stream_renderer_info("    %s: %s (%s)", featureInfo->name.c_str(),
                             (featureInfo->enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled"), featureInfo->reason.c_str());
    }

    // Set non product-specific callbacks
    gfxstream::vk::vk_util::setVkCheckCallbacks(
        std::make_unique<gfxstream::vk::vk_util::VkCheckCallbacks>(
            gfxstream::vk::vk_util::VkCheckCallbacks{
                .onVkErrorDeviceLost =
                    []() {
                        auto fb = gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB();
                        if (!fb) {
                            ERR("FrameBuffer not yet initialized. Dropping device lost event");
                            return;
                        }
                        fb->logVulkanDeviceLost();
                    },
                .onVkErrorOutOfMemory =
                    [](VkResult result, const char* function, int line) {
                        auto fb = gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB();
                        if (!fb) {
                            stream_renderer_error(
                                "FrameBuffer not yet initialized. Dropping out of memory event");
                            return;
                        }
                        fb->logVulkanOutOfMemory(result, function, line);
                    },
                .onVkErrorOutOfMemoryOnAllocation =
                    [](VkResult result, const char* function, int line,
                       std::optional<uint64_t> allocationSize) {
                        auto fb = gfxstream::FrameBuffer::getFB();
                        if (!fb) {
                            stream_renderer_error(
                                "FrameBuffer not yet initialized. Dropping out of memory event");
                            return;
                        }
                        fb->logVulkanOutOfMemory(result, function, line, allocationSize);
                    }}));

    if (!skip_opengles) {
        // aemu currently does its own opengles initialization in
        // qemu/android/android-emu/android/opengles.cpp.
        int ret = stream_renderer_opengles_init(display_width, display_height, renderer_flags, features);
        if (ret) {
            return ret;
        }
    }

    sRenderer()->init(renderer_cookie, features, fence_callback);
    gfxstream::FrameBuffer::waitUntilInitialized();

    stream_renderer_info("Gfxstream initialized successfully!");
    return 0;
}

VG_EXPORT void gfxstream_backend_setup_window(void* native_window_handle, int32_t window_x,
                                              int32_t window_y, int32_t window_width,
                                              int32_t window_height, int32_t fb_width,
                                              int32_t fb_height) {
    android_showOpenglesWindow(native_window_handle, window_x, window_y, window_width,
                               window_height, fb_width, fb_height, 1.0f, 0, false, false);
}

VG_EXPORT void stream_renderer_teardown() {
    android_finishOpenglesRenderer();
    android_hideOpenglesWindow();
    android_stopOpenglesRenderer(true);

    sRenderer()->teardown();
    stream_renderer_info("Gfxstream shut down completed!");
}

VG_EXPORT void gfxstream_backend_set_screen_mask(int width, int height,
                                                 const unsigned char* rgbaData) {
    android_setOpenglesScreenMask(width, height, rgbaData);
}

const GoldfishPipeServiceOps* goldfish_pipe_get_service_ops() { return &goldfish_pipe_service_ops; }

static_assert(sizeof(struct stream_renderer_device_id) == 32,
              "stream_renderer_device_id must be 32 bytes");
static_assert(offsetof(struct stream_renderer_device_id, device_uuid) == 0,
              "stream_renderer_device_id.device_uuid must be at offset 0");
static_assert(offsetof(struct stream_renderer_device_id, driver_uuid) == 16,
              "stream_renderer_device_id.driver_uuid must be at offset 16");

static_assert(sizeof(struct stream_renderer_vulkan_info) == 36,
              "stream_renderer_vulkan_info must be 36 bytes");
static_assert(offsetof(struct stream_renderer_vulkan_info, memory_index) == 0,
              "stream_renderer_vulkan_info.memory_index must be at offset 0");
static_assert(offsetof(struct stream_renderer_vulkan_info, device_id) == 4,
              "stream_renderer_vulkan_info.device_id must be at offset 4");

static_assert(sizeof(struct stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask_entry) == 36,
              "stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask_entry must be 36 bytes");
static_assert(offsetof(struct stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask_entry, device_id) == 0,
              "stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask_entry.device_id must be at offset 0");
static_assert(
    offsetof(struct stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask_entry, memory_type_mask) == 32,
    "stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask_entry.memory_type_mask must be at offset 32");

static_assert(sizeof(struct stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask) == 16,
              "stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask must be 16 bytes");
static_assert(offsetof(struct stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask, entries) == 0,
              "stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask.entries must be at offset 0");
static_assert(offsetof(struct stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask, num_entries) == 8,
              "stream_renderer_param_host_visible_memory_mask.num_entries must be at offset 8");

static_assert(sizeof(struct stream_renderer_param) == 16, "stream_renderer_param must be 16 bytes");
static_assert(offsetof(struct stream_renderer_param, key) == 0,
              "stream_renderer_param.key must be at offset 0");
static_assert(offsetof(struct stream_renderer_param, value) == 8,
              "stream_renderer_param.value must be at offset 8");

#ifdef CONFIG_AEMU

VG_EXPORT void stream_renderer_set_service_ops(const GoldfishPipeServiceOps* ops) {
    sRenderer()->setServiceOps(ops);
}

#endif  // CONFIG_AEMU

}  // extern "C"