Create framework-statsd

Create framework-statsd jar in statsd apex.
Move StatsEvent to framework-statsd.jar.
Right now, frameworks jar links against framework-statsd directly. This
should be changed to link against framework-statsd-stubs.

Bug: 145923096
Bug: 145923116
Bug: 142810493

Test: m
Test: flashes successfully
Test: adb shell cmd stats print-logs && adb logcat "*:S statsd:*"

Change-Id: Ife224abd5c9b9b0eeab681dc4b7f71c0bdb856b1
diff --git a/apex/Android.bp b/apex/Android.bp
index 5c46e1f..09ca1d2 100644
--- a/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/apex/Android.bp
@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@
     // libc.so and libcutils.so are included in the apex
     // native_shared_libs: ["libc", "libcutils"],
     // binaries: ["vold"],
-    java_libs: ["service-statsd"],
+    java_libs: [
+        "framework-statsd",
+        "service-statsd",
+    ],
     // prebuilts: ["my_prebuilt"],
     name: "com.android.os.statsd-defaults",
     key: "com.android.os.statsd.key",
diff --git a/apex/framework/Android.bp b/apex/framework/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37b07a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apex/framework/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-statsd-sources",
+    srcs: [
+    "java/**/*.java",
+    ],
+    path: "java",
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "framework-statsd",
+    installable: true,
+    // TODO(b/146209659): Use system_current instead.
+    sdk_version: "core_platform",
+    srcs: [
+        ":framework-statsd-sources",
+    ],
+    permitted_packages: [
+        "android.app",
+        "android.util",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "framework-annotations-lib",
+        // TODO(b/146230220): Use framework-system-stubs instead.
+        "android_system_stubs_current",
+    ],
+    // TODO:(b/146210774): Add apex_available field.
+}
+
+droidstubs {
+    name: "framework-statsd-stubs-docs",
+    defaults: [
+        "framework-module-stubs-defaults-publicapi"
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        ":framework-statsd-sources",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "framework-all",
+    ],
+    sdk_version: "core_platform",
+}
+
+// TODO(b/146167933): Use these stubs in frameworks/base/Android.bp
+java_library {
+    name: "framework-statsd-stubs",
+    srcs: [
+        ":framework-statsd-stubs-docs",
+    ],
+    libs: [
+        "framework-all",
+    ],
+    sdk_version: "core_platform",
+}
diff --git a/apex/framework/java/android/util/StatsEvent.java b/apex/framework/java/android/util/StatsEvent.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c765945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apex/framework/java/android/util/StatsEvent.java
@@ -0,0 +1,829 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.util;
+
+import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+/**
+ * StatsEvent builds and stores the buffer sent over the statsd socket.
+ * This class defines and encapsulates the socket protocol.
+ *
+ * <p>Usage:</p>
+ * <pre>
+ *      // Pushed event
+ *      StatsEvent statsEvent = StatsEvent.newBuilder()
+ *          .setAtomId(atomId)
+ *          .writeBoolean(false)
+ *          .writeString("annotated String field")
+ *          .addBooleanAnnotation(annotationId, true)
+ *          .usePooledBuffer()
+ *          .build();
+ *      StatsLog.write(statsEvent);
+ *
+ *      // Pulled event
+ *      StatsEvent statsEvent = StatsEvent.newBuilder()
+ *          .setAtomId(atomId)
+ *          .writeBoolean(false)
+ *          .writeString("annotated String field")
+ *          .addBooleanAnnotation(annotationId, true)
+ *          .build();
+ * </pre>
+ * @hide
+ **/
+public final class StatsEvent {
+    // Type Ids.
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final byte TYPE_INT = 0x00;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final byte TYPE_LONG = 0x01;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final byte TYPE_STRING = 0x02;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final byte TYPE_LIST = 0x03;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final byte TYPE_FLOAT = 0x04;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final byte TYPE_BOOLEAN = 0x05;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final byte TYPE_BYTE_ARRAY = 0x06;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final byte TYPE_OBJECT = 0x07;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final byte TYPE_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS = 0x08;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final byte TYPE_ATTRIBUTION_CHAIN = 0x09;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final byte TYPE_ERRORS = 0x0F;
+
+    // Error flags.
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int ERROR_NO_TIMESTAMP = 0x1;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int ERROR_NO_ATOM_ID = 0x2;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int ERROR_OVERFLOW = 0x4;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int ERROR_ATTRIBUTION_CHAIN_TOO_LONG = 0x8;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int ERROR_TOO_MANY_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS = 0x10;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int ERROR_ANNOTATION_DOES_NOT_FOLLOW_FIELD = 0x20;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_ANNOTATION_ID = 0x40;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int ERROR_ANNOTATION_ID_TOO_LARGE = 0x80;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int ERROR_TOO_MANY_ANNOTATIONS = 0x100;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int ERROR_TOO_MANY_FIELDS = 0x200;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int ERROR_ATTRIBUTION_UIDS_TAGS_SIZES_NOT_EQUAL = 0x1000;
+
+    // Size limits.
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int MAX_ANNOTATION_COUNT = 15;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int MAX_ATTRIBUTION_NODES = 127;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int MAX_NUM_ELEMENTS = 127;
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final int MAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS = 127;
+
+    private static final int LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD = 4068;
+
+    // Max payload size is 4 bytes less as 4 bytes are reserved for statsEventTag.
+    // See android_util_StatsLog.cpp.
+    private static final int MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE = LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD - 4;
+
+    private final int mAtomId;
+    private final byte[] mPayload;
+    private Buffer mBuffer;
+    private final int mNumBytes;
+
+    private StatsEvent(final int atomId, @Nullable final Buffer buffer,
+            @NonNull final byte[] payload, final int numBytes) {
+        mAtomId = atomId;
+        mBuffer = buffer;
+        mPayload = payload;
+        mNumBytes = numBytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a new StatsEvent.Builder for building StatsEvent object.
+     **/
+    @NonNull
+    public static StatsEvent.Builder newBuilder() {
+        return new StatsEvent.Builder(Buffer.obtain());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the atom Id of the atom encoded in this StatsEvent object.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    public int getAtomId() {
+        return mAtomId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the byte array that contains the encoded payload that can be sent to statsd.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    @NonNull
+    public byte[] getBytes() {
+        return mPayload;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the number of bytes used to encode the StatsEvent payload.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    public int getNumBytes() {
+        return mNumBytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recycle resources used by this StatsEvent object.
+     * No actions should be taken on this StatsEvent after release() is called.
+     **/
+    public void release() {
+        if (mBuffer != null) {
+            mBuffer.release();
+            mBuffer = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder for constructing a StatsEvent object.
+     *
+     * <p>This class defines and encapsulates the socket encoding for the buffer.
+     * The write methods must be called in the same order as the order of fields in the
+     * atom definition.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>setAtomId() can be called anytime before build().</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Example:</p>
+     * <pre>
+     *     // Atom definition.
+     *     message MyAtom {
+     *         optional int32 field1 = 1;
+     *         optional int64 field2 = 2;
+     *         optional string field3 = 3 [(annotation1) = true];
+     *     }
+     *
+     *     // StatsEvent construction for pushed event.
+     *     StatsEvent.newBuilder()
+     *     StatsEvent statsEvent = StatsEvent.newBuilder()
+     *         .setAtomId(atomId)
+     *         .writeInt(3) // field1
+     *         .writeLong(8L) // field2
+     *         .writeString("foo") // field 3
+     *         .addBooleanAnnotation(annotation1Id, true)
+     *         .usePooledBuffer()
+     *         .build();
+     *
+     *     // StatsEvent construction for pulled event.
+     *     StatsEvent.newBuilder()
+     *     StatsEvent statsEvent = StatsEvent.newBuilder()
+     *         .setAtomId(atomId)
+     *         .writeInt(3) // field1
+     *         .writeLong(8L) // field2
+     *         .writeString("foo") // field 3
+     *         .addBooleanAnnotation(annotation1Id, true)
+     *         .build();
+     * </pre>
+     **/
+    public static final class Builder {
+        // Fixed positions.
+        private static final int POS_NUM_ELEMENTS = 1;
+        private static final int POS_TIMESTAMP_NS = POS_NUM_ELEMENTS + Byte.BYTES;
+        private static final int POS_ATOM_ID = POS_TIMESTAMP_NS + Byte.BYTES + Long.BYTES;
+
+        private final Buffer mBuffer;
+        private long mTimestampNs;
+        private int mAtomId;
+        private byte mCurrentAnnotationCount;
+        private int mPos;
+        private int mPosLastField;
+        private byte mLastType;
+        private int mNumElements;
+        private int mErrorMask;
+        private boolean mUsePooledBuffer = false;
+
+        private Builder(final Buffer buffer) {
+            mBuffer = buffer;
+            mCurrentAnnotationCount = 0;
+            mAtomId = 0;
+            mTimestampNs = SystemClock.elapsedRealtimeNanos();
+            mNumElements = 0;
+
+            // Set mPos to 0 for writing TYPE_OBJECT at 0th position.
+            mPos = 0;
+            writeTypeId(TYPE_OBJECT);
+
+            // Set mPos to after atom id's location in the buffer.
+            // First 2 elements in the buffer are event timestamp followed by the atom id.
+            mPos = POS_ATOM_ID + Byte.BYTES + Integer.BYTES;
+            mPosLastField = 0;
+            mLastType = 0;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the atom id for this StatsEvent.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setAtomId(final int atomId) {
+            mAtomId = atomId;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sets the timestamp in nanos for this StatsEvent.
+         **/
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setTimestampNs(final long timestampNs) {
+            mTimestampNs = timestampNs;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write a boolean field to this StatsEvent.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder writeBoolean(final boolean value) {
+            // Write boolean typeId byte followed by boolean byte representation.
+            writeTypeId(TYPE_BOOLEAN);
+            mPos += mBuffer.putBoolean(mPos, value);
+            mNumElements++;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write an integer field to this StatsEvent.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder writeInt(final int value) {
+            // Write integer typeId byte followed by 4-byte representation of value.
+            writeTypeId(TYPE_INT);
+            mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, value);
+            mNumElements++;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write a long field to this StatsEvent.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder writeLong(final long value) {
+            // Write long typeId byte followed by 8-byte representation of value.
+            writeTypeId(TYPE_LONG);
+            mPos += mBuffer.putLong(mPos, value);
+            mNumElements++;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write a float field to this StatsEvent.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder writeFloat(final float value) {
+            // Write float typeId byte followed by 4-byte representation of value.
+            writeTypeId(TYPE_FLOAT);
+            mPos += mBuffer.putFloat(mPos, value);
+            mNumElements++;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write a String field to this StatsEvent.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder writeString(@NonNull final String value) {
+            // Write String typeId byte, followed by 4-byte representation of number of bytes
+            // in the UTF-8 encoding, followed by the actual UTF-8 byte encoding of value.
+            final byte[] valueBytes = stringToBytes(value);
+            writeByteArray(valueBytes, TYPE_STRING);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write a byte array field to this StatsEvent.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder writeByteArray(@NonNull final byte[] value) {
+            // Write byte array typeId byte, followed by 4-byte representation of number of bytes
+            // in value, followed by the actual byte array.
+            writeByteArray(value, TYPE_BYTE_ARRAY);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        private void writeByteArray(@NonNull final byte[] value, final byte typeId) {
+            writeTypeId(typeId);
+            final int numBytes = value.length;
+            mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, numBytes);
+            mPos += mBuffer.putByteArray(mPos, value);
+            mNumElements++;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write an attribution chain field to this StatsEvent.
+         *
+         * The sizes of uids and tags must be equal. The AttributionNode at position i is
+         * made up of uids[i] and tags[i].
+         *
+         * @param uids array of uids in the attribution nodes.
+         * @param tags array of tags in the attribution nodes.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder writeAttributionChain(
+                @NonNull final int[] uids, @NonNull final String[] tags) {
+            final byte numUids = (byte) uids.length;
+            final byte numTags = (byte) tags.length;
+
+            if (numUids != numTags) {
+                mErrorMask |= ERROR_ATTRIBUTION_UIDS_TAGS_SIZES_NOT_EQUAL;
+            } else if (numUids > MAX_ATTRIBUTION_NODES) {
+                mErrorMask |= ERROR_ATTRIBUTION_CHAIN_TOO_LONG;
+            } else {
+                // Write attribution chain typeId byte, followed by 1-byte representation of
+                // number of attribution nodes, followed by encoding of each attribution node.
+                writeTypeId(TYPE_ATTRIBUTION_CHAIN);
+                mPos += mBuffer.putByte(mPos, numUids);
+                for (int i = 0; i < numUids; i++) {
+                    // Each uid is encoded as 4-byte representation of its int value.
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, uids[i]);
+
+                    // Each tag is encoded as 4-byte representation of number of bytes in its
+                    // UTF-8 encoding, followed by the actual UTF-8 bytes.
+                    final byte[] tagBytes = stringToBytes(tags[i]);
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, tagBytes.length);
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putByteArray(mPos, tagBytes);
+                }
+                mNumElements++;
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write KeyValuePairsAtom entries to this StatsEvent.
+         *
+         * @param intMap Integer key-value pairs.
+         * @param longMap Long key-value pairs.
+         * @param stringMap String key-value pairs.
+         * @param floatMap Float key-value pairs.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder writeKeyValuePairs(
+                @NonNull final SparseIntArray intMap,
+                @NonNull final SparseLongArray longMap,
+                @NonNull final SparseArray<String> stringMap,
+                @NonNull final SparseArray<Float> floatMap) {
+            final int intMapSize = intMap.size();
+            final int longMapSize = longMap.size();
+            final int stringMapSize = stringMap.size();
+            final int floatMapSize = floatMap.size();
+            final int totalCount = intMapSize + longMapSize + stringMapSize + floatMapSize;
+
+            if (totalCount > MAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS) {
+                mErrorMask |= ERROR_TOO_MANY_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS;
+            } else {
+                writeTypeId(TYPE_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS);
+                mPos += mBuffer.putByte(mPos, (byte) totalCount);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < intMapSize; i++) {
+                    final int key = intMap.keyAt(i);
+                    final int value = intMap.valueAt(i);
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, key);
+                    writeTypeId(TYPE_INT);
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, value);
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < longMapSize; i++) {
+                    final int key = longMap.keyAt(i);
+                    final long value = longMap.valueAt(i);
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, key);
+                    writeTypeId(TYPE_LONG);
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putLong(mPos, value);
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < stringMapSize; i++) {
+                    final int key = stringMap.keyAt(i);
+                    final String value = stringMap.valueAt(i);
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, key);
+                    writeTypeId(TYPE_STRING);
+                    final byte[] valueBytes = stringToBytes(value);
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, valueBytes.length);
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putByteArray(mPos, valueBytes);
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < floatMapSize; i++) {
+                    final int key = floatMap.keyAt(i);
+                    final float value = floatMap.valueAt(i);
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, key);
+                    writeTypeId(TYPE_FLOAT);
+                    mPos += mBuffer.putFloat(mPos, value);
+                }
+
+                mNumElements++;
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write a boolean annotation for the last field written.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder addBooleanAnnotation(
+                final byte annotationId, final boolean value) {
+            // Ensure there's a field written to annotate.
+            if (0 == mPosLastField) {
+                mErrorMask |= ERROR_ANNOTATION_DOES_NOT_FOLLOW_FIELD;
+            } else if (mCurrentAnnotationCount >= MAX_ANNOTATION_COUNT) {
+                mErrorMask |= ERROR_TOO_MANY_ANNOTATIONS;
+            } else {
+                mPos += mBuffer.putByte(mPos, annotationId);
+                mPos += mBuffer.putByte(mPos, TYPE_BOOLEAN);
+                mPos += mBuffer.putBoolean(mPos, value);
+                mCurrentAnnotationCount++;
+                writeAnnotationCount();
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write an integer annotation for the last field written.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder addIntAnnotation(final byte annotationId, final int value) {
+            if (0 == mPosLastField) {
+                mErrorMask |= ERROR_ANNOTATION_DOES_NOT_FOLLOW_FIELD;
+            } else if (mCurrentAnnotationCount >= MAX_ANNOTATION_COUNT) {
+                mErrorMask |= ERROR_TOO_MANY_ANNOTATIONS;
+            } else {
+                mPos += mBuffer.putByte(mPos, annotationId);
+                mPos += mBuffer.putByte(mPos, TYPE_INT);
+                mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, value);
+                mCurrentAnnotationCount++;
+                writeAnnotationCount();
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Indicates to reuse Buffer's byte array as the underlying payload in StatsEvent.
+         * This should be called for pushed events to reduce memory allocations and garbage
+         * collections.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder usePooledBuffer() {
+            mUsePooledBuffer = true;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Builds a StatsEvent object with values entered in this Builder.
+         **/
+        @NonNull
+        public StatsEvent build() {
+            if (0L == mTimestampNs) {
+                mErrorMask |= ERROR_NO_TIMESTAMP;
+            }
+            if (0 == mAtomId) {
+                mErrorMask |= ERROR_NO_ATOM_ID;
+            }
+            if (mBuffer.hasOverflowed()) {
+                mErrorMask |= ERROR_OVERFLOW;
+            }
+            if (mNumElements > MAX_NUM_ELEMENTS) {
+                mErrorMask |= ERROR_TOO_MANY_FIELDS;
+            }
+
+            int size = mPos;
+            mPos = POS_TIMESTAMP_NS;
+            writeLong(mTimestampNs);
+            writeInt(mAtomId);
+            if (0 == mErrorMask) {
+                mBuffer.putByte(POS_NUM_ELEMENTS, (byte) mNumElements);
+            } else {
+                mPos += mBuffer.putByte(mPos, TYPE_ERRORS);
+                mPos += mBuffer.putInt(mPos, mErrorMask);
+                mBuffer.putByte(POS_NUM_ELEMENTS, (byte) 3);
+                size = mPos;
+            }
+
+            if (mUsePooledBuffer) {
+                return new StatsEvent(mAtomId, mBuffer, mBuffer.getBytes(), size);
+            } else {
+                // Create a copy of the buffer with the required number of bytes.
+                final byte[] payload = new byte[size];
+                System.arraycopy(mBuffer.getBytes(), 0, payload, 0, size);
+
+                // Return Buffer instance to the pool.
+                mBuffer.release();
+
+                return new StatsEvent(mAtomId, null, payload, size);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void writeTypeId(final byte typeId) {
+            mPosLastField = mPos;
+            mLastType = typeId;
+            mCurrentAnnotationCount = 0;
+            final byte encodedId = (byte) (typeId & 0x0F);
+            mPos += mBuffer.putByte(mPos, encodedId);
+        }
+
+        private void writeAnnotationCount() {
+            // Use first 4 bits for annotation count and last 4 bits for typeId.
+            final byte encodedId = (byte) ((mCurrentAnnotationCount << 4) | (mLastType & 0x0F));
+            mBuffer.putByte(mPosLastField, encodedId);
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        private static byte[] stringToBytes(@Nullable final String value) {
+            return (null == value ? "" : value).getBytes(UTF_8);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class Buffer {
+        private static Object sLock = new Object();
+
+        @GuardedBy("sLock")
+        private static Buffer sPool;
+
+        private final byte[] mBytes = new byte[MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE];
+        private boolean mOverflow = false;
+
+        @NonNull
+        private static Buffer obtain() {
+            final Buffer buffer;
+            synchronized (sLock) {
+                buffer = null == sPool ? new Buffer() : sPool;
+                sPool = null;
+            }
+            buffer.reset();
+            return buffer;
+        }
+
+        private Buffer() {
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        private byte[] getBytes() {
+            return mBytes;
+        }
+
+        private void release() {
+            synchronized (sLock) {
+                if (null == sPool) {
+                    sPool = this;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void reset() {
+            mOverflow = false;
+        }
+
+        private boolean hasOverflowed() {
+            return mOverflow;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Checks for available space in the byte array.
+         *
+         * @param index starting position in the buffer to start the check.
+         * @param numBytes number of bytes to check from index.
+         * @return true if space is available, false otherwise.
+         **/
+        private boolean hasEnoughSpace(final int index, final int numBytes) {
+            final boolean result = index + numBytes < MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+            if (!result) {
+                mOverflow = true;
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a byte into the buffer.
+         *
+         * @param index position in the buffer where the byte is written.
+         * @param value the byte to write.
+         * @return number of bytes written to buffer from this write operation.
+         **/
+        private int putByte(final int index, final byte value) {
+            if (hasEnoughSpace(index, Byte.BYTES)) {
+                mBytes[index] = (byte) (value);
+                return Byte.BYTES;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a boolean into the buffer.
+         *
+         * @param index position in the buffer where the boolean is written.
+         * @param value the boolean to write.
+         * @return number of bytes written to buffer from this write operation.
+         **/
+        private int putBoolean(final int index, final boolean value) {
+            return putByte(index, (byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Writes an integer into the buffer.
+         *
+         * @param index position in the buffer where the integer is written.
+         * @param value the integer to write.
+         * @return number of bytes written to buffer from this write operation.
+         **/
+        private int putInt(final int index, final int value) {
+            if (hasEnoughSpace(index, Integer.BYTES)) {
+                // Use little endian byte order.
+                mBytes[index] = (byte) (value);
+                mBytes[index + 1] = (byte) (value >> 8);
+                mBytes[index + 2] = (byte) (value >> 16);
+                mBytes[index + 3] = (byte) (value >> 24);
+                return Integer.BYTES;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a long into the buffer.
+         *
+         * @param index position in the buffer where the long is written.
+         * @param value the long to write.
+         * @return number of bytes written to buffer from this write operation.
+         **/
+        private int putLong(final int index, final long value) {
+            if (hasEnoughSpace(index, Long.BYTES)) {
+                // Use little endian byte order.
+                mBytes[index] = (byte) (value);
+                mBytes[index + 1] = (byte) (value >> 8);
+                mBytes[index + 2] = (byte) (value >> 16);
+                mBytes[index + 3] = (byte) (value >> 24);
+                mBytes[index + 4] = (byte) (value >> 32);
+                mBytes[index + 5] = (byte) (value >> 40);
+                mBytes[index + 6] = (byte) (value >> 48);
+                mBytes[index + 7] = (byte) (value >> 56);
+                return Long.BYTES;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Writes a float into the buffer.
+         *
+         * @param index position in the buffer where the float is written.
+         * @param value the float to write.
+         * @return number of bytes written to buffer from this write operation.
+         **/
+        private int putFloat(final int index, final float value) {
+            return putInt(index, Float.floatToIntBits(value));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Copies a byte array into the buffer.
+         *
+         * @param index position in the buffer where the byte array is copied.
+         * @param value the byte array to copy.
+         * @return number of bytes written to buffer from this write operation.
+         **/
+        private int putByteArray(final int index, @NonNull final byte[] value) {
+            final int numBytes = value.length;
+            if (hasEnoughSpace(index, numBytes)) {
+                System.arraycopy(value, 0, mBytes, index, numBytes);
+                return numBytes;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}