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<title>Android 2.1 Compatibility Definition</title>
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<h1>Android 2.1 Compatibility Definition</h1>
<p>Copyright &copy; 2010, Google Inc. All rights reserved.<br/>
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>
</p>
<h2>1. Introduction</h2>
<p>This document enumerates the requirements that must be met in order for
mobile phones to be compatible with Android 2.1.</p>
<p>The use of "must", "must not", "required", "shall", "shall not", "should",
"should not", "recommended", "may" and "optional" is per the IETF standard
defined in RFC2119 [<a href="#resources01">Resources, 1</a>].</p>
<p>As used in this document, a "device implementer" or "implementer" is a
person or organization developing a hardware/software solution running Android
2.1. A "device implementation" or "implementation" is the hardware/software
solution so developed.</p>
<p>To be considered compatible with Android 2.1, device implementations:</p>
<ul>
<li>MUST meet the requirements presented in this Compatibility Definition,
including any documents incorporated via reference.</li>
<li>MUST pass the most recent version of the Android Compatibility Test Suite
(CTS) available at the time of the device implementation's software is
completed. (The CTS is available as part of the Android Open Source Project [<a
href="#resources02">Resources, 2</a>].) The CTS tests many, but not all, of the
components outlined in this document.</li>
</ul>
<p>Where this definition or the CTS is silent, ambiguous, or incomplete, it is
the responsibility of the device implementer to ensure compatibility with
existing implementations. For this reason, the Android Open Source Project [<a
href="#resources03">Resources, 3</a>] is both the reference and preferred
implementation of Android. Device implementers are strongly encouraged to base
their implementations on the "upstream" source code available from the Android
Open Source Project. While some components can hypothetically be replaced with
alternate implementations this practice is strongly discouraged, as passing
the CTS tests will become substantially more difficult. It is the
implementer's responsibility to ensure full behavioral compatibility with the
standard Android implementation, including and beyond the Compatibility Test
Suite. Finally, note that certain component substitutions and modifications
are explicitly forbidden by this document.</p>
<a name="resources"/><h2>2. Resources</h2>
<ol>
<a name="resources01"/><li>IETF RFC2119 Requirement Levels: <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a></li>
<a name="resources02"/><li>Android Compatibility Program Overview: <a href="http://source.android.com/compatibility/index.html">http://source.android.com/compatibility/index.html</a></li>
<a name="resources03"/><li>Android Open Source Project: <a href="http://source.android.com/">http://source.android.com/</a></li>
<a name="resources04"/><li>API definitions and documentation: <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/packages.html">http://developer.android.com/reference/packages.html</a></li>
<a name="resources05"/><li>Android Permissions reference: <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission.html">http://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission.html</a></li>
<a name="resources06"/><li>android.os.Build reference: <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Build.html">http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Build.html</a></li>
<a name="resources07"/><li>Android 2.1 allowed version strings: <a href="http://source.android.com/compatibility/2.1/versions.xhtml">http://source.android.com/compatibility/2.1/versions.xhtml</a></li>
<a name="resources08"/><li>android.webkit.WebView class: <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/webkit/WebView.html">http://developer.android.com/reference/android/webkit/WebView.html</a></li>
<a name="resources09"/><li>HTML5: <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/">http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/</a></li>
<a name="resources10"/><li>Dalvik Virtual Machine specification: available in the Android source code, at dalvik/docs</li>
<a name="resources11"/><li>AppWidgets: <a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/ui_guidelines/widget_design.html">http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/ui_guidelines/widget_design.html</a></li>
<a name="resources12"/><li>Notifications: <a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html">http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html</a></li>
<a name="resources13"/><li>Application Resources: <a href="http://code.google.com/android/reference/available-resources.html">http://code.google.com/android/reference/available-resources.html</a></li>
<a name="resources14"/><li>Status Bar icon style guide: <a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/ui_guidelines/icon_design.html#statusbarstructure">http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/ui_guideline /icon_design.html#statusbarstructure</a></li>
<a name="resources15"/><li>Search Manager: <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html">http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html</a></li>
<a name="resources16"/><li>Toasts: <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/Toast.html">http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/Toast.html</a></li>
<a name="resources17"/><li>Live Wallpapers: <a href="http://developer.android.com/resources/articles/live-wallpapers.html">http://developer.android.com/resources/articles/live-wallpapers.html</a></li>
<a name="resources18"/><li>Apps for Android: <a href="http://code.google.com/p/apps-for-android">http://code.google.com/p/apps-for-android</a></li>
<a name="resources19"/><li>Reference tool documentation (for adb, aapt, ddms): <a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/index.html">http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/index.html</a></li>
<a name="resources20"/><li>Android apk file description: <a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html">http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html</a></li>
<a name="resources21"/><li>Manifest files: <a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/manifest-intro.html">http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/manifest-intro.html</a></li>
<a name="resources22"/><li>Monkey testing tool: <a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/monkey.html">http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/monkey.html</a></li>
<a name="resources23"/><li>Supporting Multiple Screens: <a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html">http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html</a></li>
<a name="resources24"/><li>android.content.res.Configuration: <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/res/Configuration.html">http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/res/Configuration.html</a></li>
<a name="resources25"/><li>android.util.DisplayMetrics: <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/util/DisplayMetrics.html">http://developer.android.com/reference/android/util/DisplayMetrics.html</a></li>
<a name="resources26"/><li>android.hardware.Camera: <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/Camera.html">http://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/Camera.html</a></li>
<a name="resources27"/><li>Sensor coordinate space: <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/SensorEvent.html">http://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/SensorEvent.html</a></li>
<a name="resources28"/><li>Android Security and Permissions reference: <a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/security/security.html">http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/security/security.html</a></li>
<a name="resources29"/><li>Bluetooth API: <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/bluetooth/package-summary.html">http://developer.android.com/reference/android/bluetooth/package-summary.html</a></li>
</ol>
<p>Many of these resources are derived directly or indirectly from the Android
2.1 SDK, and will be functionally identical to the information in that SDK's
documentation. In any cases where this Compatibility Definition or the
Compatibility Test Suite disagrees with the SDK documentation, the SDK
documentation is considered authoritative. Any technical details provided in
the references included above are considered by inclusion to be part of this
Compatibility Definition.</p>
<h2>3. Software</h2>
<p>The Android platform includes a set of managed APIs, a set of native APIs,
and a body of so-called "soft" APIs such as the Intent system and
web-application APIs. This section details the hard and soft APIs that are
integral to compatibility, as well as certain other relevant technical and
user interface behaviors. Device implementations MUST comply with all the
requirements in this section.</p>
<h3>3.1. Managed API Compatibility</h3>
<p>The managed (Dalvik-based) execution environment is the primary vehicle for
Android applications. The Android application programming interface (API) is
the set of Android platform interfaces exposed to applications running in the
managed VM environment. Device implementations MUST provide complete
implementations, including all documented behaviors, of any documented API
exposed by the Android 2.1 SDK [<a href="#resources04">Resources, 4</a>].</p>
<p>Device implementations MUST NOT omit any managed APIs, alter API interfaces
or signatures, deviate from the documented behavior, or include no-ops, except
where specifically allowed by this Compatibility Definition.</p>
<h3>3.2. Soft API Compatibility</h3>
<p>In addition to the managed APIs from Section 3.1, Android also includes a
significant runtime-only "soft" API, in the form of such things such as
Intents, permissions, and similar aspects of Android applications that cannot
be enforced at application compile time. This section details the "soft" APIs
and system behaviors required for compatibility with Android 2.1. Device
implementations MUST meet all the requirements presented in this section.</p>
<h4>3.2.1. Permissions</h4>
<p>Device implementers MUST support and enforce all permission constants as
documented by the Permission reference page [<a
href="#resources05">Resources, 5</a>]. Note that Section 10 lists addtional
requirements related to the Android security model.</p>
<h4>3.2.2. Build Parameters</h4>
<p>The Android APIs include a number of constants on the <code>android.os.Build</code>
class [<a href="#resources06">Resources, 6</a>] that are intended to describe
the current device. To provide consistent, meaningful values across device
implementations, the table below includes additional restrictions on the
formats of these values to which device implementations MUST conform.</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><b>Parameter</b></td>
<td><b>Comments</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.VERSION.RELEASE</td>
<td>The version of the currently-executing Android system, in human-readable
format. This field MUST have one of the string values defined in [<a
href="#resources07">Resources, 7</a>].</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK</td>
<td>The version of the currently-executing Android system, in a format
accessible to third-party application code. For Android 2.1, this field MUST have
the integer value 7.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.VERSION.INCREMENTAL</td>
<td>A value chosen by the device implementer designating the specific build of
the currently-executing Android system, in human-readable format. This value
MUST NOT be re-used for different builds shipped to end users. A typical use
of this field is to indicate which build number or source-control change
identifier was used to generate the build. There are no requirements on the
specific format of this field, except that it MUST NOT be null or the empty
string ("").</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.BOARD</td>
<td>A value chosen by the device implementer identifying the specific internal
hardware used by the device, in human-readable format. A possible use of this
field is to indicate the specific revision of the board powering the device.
There are no requirements on the specific format of this field, except that it
MUST NOT be null or the empty string ("").</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.BRAND</td>
<td>A value chosen by the device implementer identifying the name of the
company, organization, individual, etc. who produced the device, in
human-readable format. A possible use of this field is to indicate the OEM
and/or carrier who sold the device. There are no requirements on the specific
format of this field, except that it MUST NOT be null or the empty string
("").</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.DEVICE</td>
<td>A value chosen by the device implementer identifying the specific
configuration or revision of the body (sometimes called "industrial design")
of the device. There are no requirements on the specific format of this field,
except that it MUST NOT be null or the empty string ("").</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.FINGERPRINT</td>
<td>A string that uniquely identifies this build. It SHOULD be reasonably
human-readable. It MUST follow this template:
<br/><code>$(BRAND)/$(PRODUCT)/$(DEVICE)/$(BOARD):$(VERSION.RELEASE)/$(ID)/$(VERSION.INCREMENTAL):$(TYPE)/$(TAGS)</code><br/>
For example:
<br/><code>acme/mydevice/generic/generic:2.1-update1/ERC77/3359:userdebug/test-keys</code><br/>
The fingerprint MUST NOT include spaces. If other fields included in the
template above have spaces, they SHOULD be replaced with the ASCII underscore
("_") character in the fingerprint.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.HOST</td>
<td>A string that uniquely identifies the host the build was built on, in
human readable format. There are no requirements on the specific format of
this field, except that it MUST NOT be null or the empty string ("").</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.ID</td>
<td>An identifier chosen by the device implementer to refer to a specific
release, in human readable format. This field can be the same as
android.os.Build.VERSION.INCREMENTAL, but SHOULD be a value sufficiently
meaningful for end users to distinguish between software builds. There are no
requirements on the specific format of this field, except that it MUST NOT be
null or the empty string ("").</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.MODEL</td>
<td>A value chosen by the device implementer containing the name of the device
as known to the end user. This SHOULD be the same name under which the device
is marketed and sold to end users. There are no requirements on the specific
format of this field, except that it MUST NOT be null or the empty string
("").</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.PRODUCT</td>
<td>A value chosen by the device implementer containing the development name
or code name of the device. MUST be human-readable, but is not necessarily
intended for view by end users. There are no requirements on the specific
format of this field, except that it MUST NOT be null or the empty string
("").</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.TAGS</td>
<td>A comma-separated list of tags chosen by the device implementer that
further distinguish the build. For example, "unsigned,debug". This field MUST
NOT be null or the empty string (""), but a single tag (such as "release") is
fine.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.TIME</td>
<td>A value representing the timestamp of when the build occurred.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.TYPE</td>
<td>A value chosen by the device implementer specifying the runtime
configuration of the build. This field SHOULD have one of the values
corresponding to the three typical Android runtime configurations: "user",
"userdebug", or "eng".</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>android.os.Build.USER</td>
<td>A name or user ID of the user (or automated user) that generated the
build. There are no requirements on the specific format of this field, except
that it MUST NOT be null or the empty string ("").</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4>3.2.3. Intent Compatibility</h4>
<p>Android uses Intents to achieve loosely-coupled integration between
applications. This section describes requirements related to the Intent
patterns that MUST be honored by device implementations. By "honored", it is
meant that the device implementer MUST provide an Android Activity or Service
that specifies a matching Intent filter and binds to and implements correct
behavior for each specified Intent pattern.</p>
<h4>3.2.3.1. Core Application Intents</h4>
<p>The Android upstream project defines a number of core applications, such as
a phone dialer, calendar, contacts book, music player, and so on. Device
implementers MAY replace these applications with alternative versions.</p>
<p>However, any such alternative versions MUST honor the same Intent patterns
provided by the upstream project. For example, if a device contains an
alternative music player, it must still honor the Intent pattern issued by
third-party applications to pick a song.</p>
<p>The following applications are considered core Android system
applications:</p>
<ul>
<li>Desk Clock</li>
<li>Browser</li>
<li>Calendar</li>
<li>Calculator</li>
<li>Camera</li>
<li>Contacts</li>
<li>Email</li>
<li>Gallery</li>
<li>GlobalSearch</li>
<li>Launcher</li>
<li>LivePicker (that is, the Live Wallpaper picker application; MAY be omitted
if the device does not support Live Wallpapers, per Section 3.8.5.)</li>
<li>Messaging (AKA "Mms")</li>
<li>Music</li>
<li>Phone</li>
<li>Settings</li>
<li>SoundRecorder</li>
</ul>
<p>The core Android system applications include various Activity, or Service
components that are considered "public".
That is, the attribute "android:exported" may be absent, or may have the value
"true".</p>
<p>For every Activity or Service defined
in one of the core Android system apps that is not marked as non-public via an
android:exported attribute with the value "false", device implementations MUST
include a compontent of the same type implementing the same Intent filter
patterns as the core Android system app.</p>
<p>In other words, a device implementation MAY replace core Android system
apps; however, if it does, the device implementation MUST support all Intent
patterns defined by each core Android system app being replaced.</p>
<h4>3.2.3.2. Intent Overrides</h4>
<p>As Android is an extensible platform, device implementers MUST allow each
Intent pattern defined in core system apps to be overridden by third-party
applications. The upstream Android open source project allows this by default;
device implementers MUST NOT attach special privileges to system applications'
use of these Intent patterns, or prevent third-party applications from binding
to and assuming control of these patterns. This prohibition specifically
includes but is not limited to disabling the "Chooser" user interface which
allows the user to select between multiple applications which all handle the
same Intent pattern.</p>
<div class="cdd-erratum">Note: this section was modified by Erratum EX6580.</div>
<h4>3.2.3.3. Intent Namespaces</h4>
<p>Device implementers MUST NOT include any Android component that honors any
new Intent or Broadcast Intent patterns using an ACTION, CATEGORY, or other
key string in the android.* namespace. Device implementers MUST NOT include
any Android components that honor any new Intent or Broadcast Intent patterns
using an ACTION, CATEGORY, or other key string in a package space belonging to
another organization. Device implementers MUST NOT alter or extend any of the
Intent patterns used by the core apps listed in Section 3.2.3.1.</p>
<p>This prohibition is analogous to that specified for Java language classes
in Section 3.6.</p>
<h4>3.2.3.4. Broadcast Intents</h4>
<p>Third-party applications rely on the platform to broadcast certain Intents
to notify them of changes in the hardware or software environment.
Android-compatible devices MUST broadcast the public broadcast Intents in
response to appropriate system events. Broadcast Intents are described in the
SDK documentation.</p>
<h3>3.3. Native API Compatibility</h3>
<p>Managed code running in Dalvik can call into native code provided in the
application .apk file as an ELF .so file compiled for the appropriate device
hardware architecture. Device implementations MUST include support for code
running in the managed environment to call into native code, using the
standard Java Native Interface (JNI) semantics. The following APIs MUST be
available to native code:</p>
<ul>
<li>libc (C library)</li>
<li>libm (math library)</li>
<li>JNI interface</li>
<li>libz (Zlib compression)</li>
<li>liblog (Android logging)</li>
<li>Minimal support for C++</li>
<li>Support for OpenGL, as described below</li>
</ul>
<p>Device implementations MUST support OpenGL ES 1.0. Devices that lack
hardware acceleration MUST implement OpenGL ES 1.0 using a software renderer.
Device implementations SHOULD implement as much of OpenGL ES 1.1 as the device
hardware supports. Device implementations SHOULD provide an implementation
for OpenGL ES 2.0, if the hardware is capable of reasonable performance on
those APIs.</p>
<p>These libraries MUST be source-compatible (i.e. header compatible) and
binary-compatible (for a given processor architecture) with the versions
provided in Bionic by the Android Open Source project. Since the Bionic
implementations are not fully compatible with other implementations such as
the GNU C library, device implementers SHOULD use the Android implementation.
If device implementers use a different implementation of these libraries, they
MUST ensure header, binary, and behavioral compatibility.</p>
<p>Device implementations MUST accurately report the native Application Binary
Interface (ABI) supported by the device, via the
<code>android.os.Build.CPU_ABI</code> API. The ABI MUST be one of the entries
documented in the latest version of the Android NDK, in the file
<code>docs/CPU-ARCH-ABIS.txt</code>. Note that additional releases of the
Android NDK may introduce support for additional ABIs.</p>
<p>Native code compatibility is challenging. For this reason, it should be
repeated that device implementers are VERY strongly encouraged to use the
upstream implementations of the libraries listed above, to help ensure
compatibility.</p>
<h3>3.4. Web API Compatibility</h3>
<p>Many developers and applications rely on the behavior of the
<code>android.webkit.WebView</code> class [<a
href="#resources08">Resources, 8</a>]
for their user interfaces, so the WebView implementation must be
compatible across Android implementations. The Android Open Source
implementation uses the WebKit rendering engine to implement the
WebView.</p>
<p>Because it is not feasible to develop a comprehensive test suite for a web
browser, device implementers MUST use the specific upstream build of WebKit in
the WebView implementation. Specifically:</p>
<ul>
<li>WebView MUST use the 530.17 WebKit build from the upstream Android Open
Source tree for Android 2.1. This build includes a specific set of functionality
and security fixes for the WebView.</li>
<li>The user agent string reported by the WebView MUST be in this format:<br/>
<code>Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android $(VERSION); $(LOCALE); $(MODEL) Build/$(BUILD)) AppleWebKit/530.17 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/530.17</code>
<ul>
<li>The value of the $(VERSION) string MUST be the same as the value for <code>android.os.Build.VERSION.RELEASE</code></li>
<li>The value of the $(LOCALE) string SHOULD follow the ISO conventions for country code and language, and SHOULD refer to the current configured locale of the device</li>
<li>The value of the $(MODEL) string MUST be the same as the value for <code>android.os.Build.MODEL</code></li>
<li>The value of the $(BUILD) string MUST be the same as the value for <code>android.os.Build.ID</code></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p>Implementations MAY ship a custom user agent string in the standalone
Browser application. What's more, the standalone Browser MAY be based on an
alternate browser technology (such as Firefox, Opera, etc.) However, even if an
alternate Browser application is shipped, the WebView component provided to
third-party applications MUST be based on WebKit, as above.</p>
<p>The WebView configuration MUST include support for the HTML5 database,
application cache, and geolocation APIs [<a href="#resources09">Resources,
9</a>]. The WebView MUST include support for
the HTML5 <code>&lt;video&gt;</code> tag in
some form. The standalone Browser application (whether based on the upstream
WebKit Browser application or a third-party replacement) MUST include support
for the same HTML5 features just listed for WebView.</p>
<h3>3.5. API Behavioral Compatibility</h3>
<p>The behaviors of each of the API types (managed, soft, native, and web)
must be consistent with the preferred implementation of the upstream Android
open-source project [<a href="#resources03">Resources, 3</a>]. Some specific areas
of compatibility are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Devices MUST NOT change the behavior or meaning of a standard Intent</li>
<li>Devices MUST NOT alter the lifecycle or lifecycle semantics of a particular type of system component (such as Service, Activity, ContentProvider, etc.)</li>
<li>Devices MUST NOT change the semantics of a particular permission</li>
</ul>
<p>The above list is not comprehensive, and the onus is on device implementers
to ensure behavioral compatibility. For this reason, device implementers
SHOULD use the source code available via the Android Open Source Project where
possible, rather than re-implement significant parts of the system.</p>
<p>The Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) tests significant portions of the
platform for behavioral compatibility, but not all. It is the responsibility
of the implementer to ensure behavioral compatibility with the Android Open
Source Project.</p>
<h3>3.6. API Namespaces</h3>
<p>Android follows the package and class namespace conventions defined by the
Java programming language. To ensure compatibility with third-party
applications, device implementers MUST NOT make any prohibited modifications
(see below) to these package namespaces:</p>
<ul>
<li>java.*</li>
<li>javax.*</li>
<li>sun.*</li>
<li>android.*</li>
<li>com.android.*</li>
</ul>
<p>Prohibited modifications include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Device implementations MUST NOT modify the publicly exposed APIs on the
Android platform by changing any method or class signatures, or by removing
classes or class fields.</li>
<li>Device implementers MAY modify the underlying implementation of the APIs,
but such modifications MUST NOT impact the stated behavior and Java-language
signature of any publicly exposed APIs.</li>
<li>Device implementers MUST NOT add any publicly exposed elements (such as
classes or interfaces, or fields or methods to existing classes or interfaces)
to the APIs above.</li>
</ul>
<p>A "publicly exposed element" is any construct which is not decorated with
the "@hide" marker in the upstream Android source code. In other words, device
implementers MUST NOT expose new APIs or alter existing APIs in the namespaces
noted above. Device implementers MAY make internal-only modifications, but
those modifications MUST NOT be advertised or otherwise exposed to
developers.</p>
<p>Device implementers MAY add custom APIs, but any such APIs MUST NOT be in a
namespace owned by or referring to another organization. For instance, device
implementers MUST NOT add APIs to the com.google.* or similar namespace; only
Google may do so. Similarly, Google MUST NOT add APIs to other companies'
namespaces.</p>
<p>If a device implementer proposes to improve one of the package namespaces
above (such as by adding useful new functionality to an existing API, or
adding a new API), the implementer SHOULD visit source.android.com and begin
the process for contributing changes and code, according to the information on
that site.</p>
<p>Note that the restrictions above correspond to standard conventions for
naming APIs in the Java programming language; this section simply aims to
reinforce those conventions and make them binding through inclusion in this
compatibility definition.</p>
<h3>3.7. Virtual Machine Compatibility</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST support the full Dalvik Executable (DEX)
bytecode specification and Dalvik Virtual Machine semantics [<a
href="#resources10">Resources, 10</a>].</p>
<p>Device implementations MUST configure Dalvik to allocate at least 16MB of
memory to each application on devices with screens classified as medium- or
low-density. Device implementations MUST configure Dalvik to allocate at least
24MB of memory to each application on devices with screens classified as
high-density. Note that device implementations MAY allocate more memory than
these figures, but are not required to.</p>
<h3>3.8. User Interface Compatibility</h3>
<p>The Android platform includes some developer APIs that allow developers to
hook into the system user interface. Device implementations MUST incorporate
these standard UI APIs into custom user interfaces they develop, as explained
below.</p>
<h4>3.8.1. Widgets</h4>
<p>Android defines a component type and corresponding API and lifecycle that
allows applications to expose an "AppWidget" to the end user [<a
href="#resources11">Resources, 11</a>].
The Android Open Source reference release includes a Launcher application that
includes user interface elements allowing the user to add, view, and remove
AppWidgets from the home screen.</p>
<p>Device implementers MAY substitute an alternative to the reference Launcher
(i.e. home screen). Alternative Launchers SHOULD include built-in support for
AppWidgets, and expose user interface elements to add, configure, view, and remove
AppWidgets directly within the Launcher. Alternative Launchers MAY omit these
user interface elements; however, if they are omitted, the device implementer
MUST provide a separate application accessible from the Launcher that allows
users to add, configure, view, and remove AppWidgets.</p>
<h4>3.8.2. Notifications</h4>
<p>Android includes APIs that allow developers to notify users of notable
events [<a href="#resources12">Resources, 12</a>]. Device implementers MUST provide support for each
class of notification so defined; specifically: sounds, vibration, light and
status bar.</p>
<p>Additionally, the implementation MUST correctly render all resources
(icons, sound files, etc.) provided for in the APIs [<a
href="#resources13">Resources, 13</a>], or in the
Status Bar icon style guide [<a href="#resources14">Resources, 14</a>]. Device implementers MAY provide
an alternative user experience for notifications than that provided by the
reference Android Open Source implementation; however, such alternative
notification systems MUST support existing notification resources, as
above.</p>
<h4>3.8.3. Search</h4>
<p>Android includes APIs [<a href="#resources15">Resources, 15</a>] that allow developers to incorporate
search into their applications, and expose their application's data into the
global system search. Generally speaking, this functionality consists of a
single, system-wide user interface that allows users to enter queries,
displays suggestions as users type, and displays results. The Android APIs
allow developers to reuse this interface to provide search within their own
apps, and allow developers to supply results to the common global search user
interface.</p>
<p>Device implementations MUST include a single, shared, system-wide search
user interface capable of real-time suggestions in response to user input.
Device implementations MUST implement the APIs that allow developers to reuse
this user interface to provide search within their own applications. Device
implementations MUST implement the APIs that allow third-party applications to
add suggestions to the search box when it is run in global search mode. If no
third-party applications are installed that make use of this functionality,
the default behavior SHOULD be to display web search engine results and
suggestions.</p>
<p>Device implementations MAY ship alternate search user interfaces, but
SHOULD include a hard or soft dedicated search button, that can be used at any
time within any app to invoke the search framework, with the behavior provided
for in the API documentation.</p>
<h4>3.8.4. Toasts</h4>
<p>Applications can use the "Toast" API (defined in [<a
href="#resources16">Resources, 16</a>]) to
display short non-modal strings to the end user, that disappear after a brief
period of time. Device implementations MUST display Toasts from applications
to end users in some high-visibility manner.</p>
<h4>3.8.5. Live Wallpapers</h4>
<p>Android defines a component type and corresponding API and lifecycle that
allows applications to expose one or more "Live Wallpapers" to the end user
[<a href="#resources17">Resources, 17</a>]. Live Wallpapers are animations,
patterns, or similar images with limited input capabilities that display as a
wallpaper, behind other applications.</p>
<p>Hardware is considered capable of reliably running live wallpapers if it
can run all live wallpapers, with no limitations on functionality, at a
reasonable framerate with no adverse affects on other applications. If
limitations in the hardware cause wallpapers and/or applications to crash,
malfunction, consume excessive CPU or battery power, or run at unacceptably
low frame rates, the hardware is considered incapable of running live
wallpaper. As an example, some live wallpapers may use an Open GL 1.0 or 2.0
context to render their content. Live wallpaper will not run reliably on
hardware that does not support multiple OpenGL contexts because the live
wallpaper use of an OpenGL context may conflict with other applications that
also use an OpenGL context. </p>
<p>Device implemenations capable of running live wallpapers reliably as
described above SHOULD implement live wallpapers. Device implementations
determined to not run live wallpapers reliably as described above MUST NOT
implement live wallpapers.</p>
<h2>4. Reference Software Compatibility</h2>
<p>Device implementers MUST test implementation compatibility using the
following open-source applications:</p>
<ul>
<li>Calculator (included in SDK)</li>
<li>Lunar Lander (included in SDK)</li>
<li>The "Apps for Android" applications [<a href="#resources18">Resources, 18</a>].</li>
</ul>
<p>Each app above MUST launch and behave correctly on the implementation, for
the implementation to be considered compatible.</p>
<p>Additionally, device implementations MUST test each menu item (including all
sub-menus) of each of these smoke-test applications:</p>
<ul>
<li>ApiDemos (included in SDK)</li>
<li>ManualSmokeTests (included in CTS)</li>
</ul>
<p>Each test case in the applications above MUST run correctly on the device
implementation.</p>
<h2>5. Application Packaging Compatibility</h2>
<p>Device implementations MUST install and run Android ".apk" files as
generated by the "aapt" tool included in the official Android SDK [<a
href="#resources19">Resources, 19</a>].</p>
<p>Devices implementations MUST NOT extend either the .apk [<a
href="#resources20">Resources, 20</a>], Android Manifest [<a
href="#resources21">Resources, 21</a>],
or Dalvik bytecode [<a href="#resources10">Resources, 10</a>] formats in such
a way that would prevent those files from
installing and running correctly on other compatible devices. Device
implementers SHOULD use the reference upstream implementation of Dalvik, and
the reference implementation's package management system.</p>
<h2>6. Multimedia Compatibility</h2>
<p>Device implemenations MUST support the following multimedia codecs. All of
these codecs are provided as software implementations in the preferred Android
implementation from the Android Open Source Project.</p>
<p>Please note that neither Google nor the Open Handset Alliance make any
representation that these codecs are unencumbered by third-party patents.
Those intending to use this source code in hardware or software products are
advised that implementations of this code, including in open source software
or shareware, may require patent licenses from the relevant patent
holders.</p>
<table><tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="11"><b>Audio</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Name</b></td>
<td><b>Encoder</b></td>
<td><b>Decoder</b></td>
<td><b>Details</b></td>
<td><b>File/Container Format</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AAC LC/LTP</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
<td rowspan="3">Mono/Stereo content in any combination of standard bit rates up to 160 kbps and sampling rates between 8 to 48kHz</td>
<td rowspan="3">3GPP (.3gp) and MPEG-4 (.mp4, .m4a). No support for raw AAC (.aac)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HE-AACv1 (AAC+)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HE-AACv2 (enhanced AAC+)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AMR-NB</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>4.75 to 12.2 kbps sampled @ 8kHz</td>
<td>3GPP (.3gp)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AMR-WB</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>9 rates from 6.60 kbit/s to 23.85 kbit/s sampled @ 16kHz</td>
<td>3GPP (.3gp)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MP3</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>Mono/Stereo 8-320Kbps constant (CBR) or variable bit-rate (VBR)</td>
<td>MP3 (.mp3)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MIDI</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>MIDI Type 0 and 1. DLS Version 1 and 2. XMF and Mobile XMF. Support for ringtone formats RTTTL/RTX, OTA, and iMelody</td>
<td>Type 0 and 1 (.mid, .xmf, .mxmf). Also RTTTL/RTX (.rtttl, .rtx), OTA (.ota), and iMelody (.imy)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ogg Vorbis</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Ogg (.ogg)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PCM</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>8- and 16-bit linear PCM (rates up to limit of hardware)</td>
<td>WAVE (.wav)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5"><b>Image</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>JPEG</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>base+progressive</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GIF</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PNG</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BMP</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4"><b>Video</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>H.263</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>3GPP (.3gp) files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>H.264</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>3GPP (.3gp) and MPEG-4 (.mp4) files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MPEG4 Simple Profile</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>X</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>3GPP (.3gp) file</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Note that the table above does not list specific bitrate requirements for
most video codecs. The reason for this is that in practice, current device
hardware does not necessarily support bitrates that map exactly to the
required bitrates specified by the relevant standards. Instead, device
implementations SHOULD support the highest bitrate practical on the hardware,
up to the limits defined by the specifications.</p>
<h2>7. Developer Tool Compatibility</h2>
<p>Device implemenations MUST support the Android Developer Tools provided in
the Android SDK. Specifically, Android-compatible devices MUST be compatible
with:</p>
<ul>
<li><b>Android Debug Bridge (known as adb)</b> [<a href="#resources19">Resources, 19</a>]<br/>
Device implementations MUST support all <code>adb</code> functions as
documented in the Android SDK. The device-side <code>adb</code> daemon SHOULD
be inactive by default, but there MUST be a user-accessible mechanism to turn
on the Android Debug Bridge.</li>
<li><b>Dalvik Debug Monitor Service (known as ddms)</b> [<a href="#resources19">Resources, 19</a>]<br/>
Device implementations MUST support all <code>ddms</code> features as documented in the
Android SDK. As <code>ddms</code> uses <code>adb</code>, support for
<code>ddms</code> SHOULD be inactive by default,
but MUST be supported whenever the user has activated the Android Debug
Bridge, as above.</li>
<li><b>Monkey</b> [<a href="#resources22">Resources, 22</a>]<br/>
Device implementations MUST include the Monkey framework, and make it
available for applications to use.</li>
</ul>
<h2>8. Hardware Compatibility</h2>
<p>Android is intended to support device implementers creating innovative form
factors and configurations. At the same time Android developers expect
certain hardware, sensors and APIs across all Android device. This section
lists the hardware features that all Android 2.1 compatible devices must
support.</p>
<p>If a device includes a particular hardware component that has a
corresponding API for third-party developers, the device implementation MUST
implement that API as defined in the Android SDK documentation. If an API in
the SDK interacts with a hardware component that is stated to be optional and the device
implementation does not possess that component:</p>
<ul>
<li>class definitions for the component's APIs MUST be present</li>
<li>the API's behaviors MUST be implemented as no-ops in some reasonable fashion</li>
<li>API methods MUST return null values where permitted by the SDK documentation</li>
<li>API methods MUST return no-op implementations of classes where null values are not permitted by the SDK documentation</li>
</ul>
<p>A typical example of a scenario where these requirements apply is the
telephony API: even on non-phone devices, these APIs must be implemented as
reasonable no-ops.</p>
<p>Device implementations MUST accurate report accurate hardware configuration
information via the <code>getSystemAvailableFeatures()</code> and
<code>hasSystemFeature(String)</code> methods on the
<code>android.content.pm.PackageManager</code> class.</p>
<h3>8.1. Display</h3>
<p>Android 2.1 includes facilities that perform certain automatic scaling and
transformation operations under some circumstances, to ensure that third-party
applications run reasonably well on a variety of hardware configurations [<a
href="#resources23">Resources, 23</a>]. Devices MUST properly implement these
behaviors, as detailed in this section.</p>
<p>For Android 2.1, this are the most common display configurations:</p>
<table><tbody>
<tr>
<td>Screen Type</td>
<td>Width (Pixels)</td>
<td>Height (Pixels)</td>
<td>Diagonal Length Range (inches)</td>
<td>Screen Size Group</td>
<td>Screen Density Group</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>QVGA</td>
<td>240</td>
<td>320</td>
<td>2.6 - 3.0</td>
<td>Small</td>
<td>Low</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>WQVGA</td>
<td>240</td>
<td>400</td>
<td>3.2 - 3.5</td>
<td>Normal</td>
<td>Low</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FWQVGA</td>
<td>240</td>
<td>432</td>
<td>3.5 - 3.8</td>
<td>Normal</td>
<td>Low</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HVGA</td>
<td>320</td>
<td>480</td>
<td>3.0 - 3.5</td>
<td>Normal</td>
<td>Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>WVGA</td>
<td>480</td>
<td>800</td>
<td>3.3 - 4.0</td>
<td>Normal</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FWVGA</td>
<td>480</td>
<td>854</td>
<td>3.5 - 4.0</td>
<td>Normal</td>
<td>High</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>WVGA </td>
<td>480 </td>
<td>800 </td>
<td>4.8 - 5.5 </td>
<td>Large </td>
<td>Medium</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FWVGA</td>
<td>480</td>
<td>854</td>
<td>5.0 - 5.8</td>
<td>Large</td>
<td>Medium</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>Device implementations corresponding to one of the standard configurations
above MUST be configured to report the indicated screen size to applications
via the <code>android.content.res.Configuration</code> [<a href="#resources24">Resources,
24</a>] class.</p>
<p>Some .apk packages have manifests that do not identify them as supporting a
specific density range. When running such applications, the following
constraints apply:</p>
<ul>
<li>Device implementations MUST interpret resources in a .apk that lack a
density qualifier as defaulting to "medium" (known as "mdpi" in the SDK
documentation.)</li>
<li>When operating on a "low" density screen, device implementations MUST
scale down medium/mdpi assets by a factor of 0.75.</li>
<li>When operating on a "high" density screen, device implementations MUST
scale up medium/mdpi assets by a factor of 1.5.</li>
<li>Device implementations MUST NOT scale assets within a density range, and
MUST scale assets by exactly these factors between density ranges.</li>
</ul>
<h4>8.1.2. Non-Standard Display Configurations</h4>
<p>Display configurations that do not match one of the standard configurations
listed in Section 8.1.1 require additional consideration and work to be
compatible. Device implementers MUST contact Android Compatibility Team as
provided for in Section 12 to obtain classifications for screen-size bucket,
density, and scaling factor. When provided with this information, device
implementations MUST implement them as specified.</p>
<p>Note that some display configurations (such as very large or very small
screens, and some aspect ratios) are fundamentally incompatible with Android
2.1; therefore device implementers are encouraged to contact Android
Compatibility Team as early as possible in the development process.</p>
<h4>8.1.3. Display Metrics</h4>
<p>Device implementations MUST report correct valuesfor all display metrics
defined in <code>android.util.DisplayMetrics</code> [<a
href="#resources25">Resources, 25</a>].</p>
<h3>8.2. Keyboard</h3>
<p>Device implementations:</p>
<ul>
<li>MUST include support for the Input Management Framework (which allows third party developers to create Input Management Engines -- i.e. soft keyboard) as detailed at developer.android.com</li>
<li>MUST provide at least one soft keyboard implementation (regardless of whether a hard keyboard is present)</li>
<li>MAY include additional soft keyboard implementations</li>
<li>MAY include a hardware keyboard</li>
<li>MUST NOT include a hardware keyboard that does not match one of the
formats specified in <code>android.content.res.Configuration.keyboard</code>
[<a href="#resources24">Resources, 24</a>] (that is, QWERTY, or 12-key)</li>
</ul>
<h3>8.3. Non-touch Navigation</h3>
<p>Device implementations:</p>
<ul>
<li>MAY omit a non-touch navigation options (that is, may omit a trackball, d-pad, or wheel)</li>
<li>MUST report the correct value for
<code>android.content.res.Configuration.navigation</code> [<a href="#resources24">Resources, 24</a>]</li>
</ul>
<h3>8.4. Screen Orientation</h3>
<p>Compatible devices MUST support dynamic orientation by applications to
either portrait or landscape screen orientation. That is, the device must
respect the application's request for a specific screen orientation. Device
implementations MAY select either portrait or landscape orientation as the
default.</p>
<p>Devices MUST report the correct value for the device's current orientation,
whenever queried via the android.content.res.Configuration.orientation,
android.view.Display.getOrientation(), or other APIs.</p>
<h3>8.5. Touchscreen input</h3>
<p>Device implementations:</p>
<ul>
<li>MUST have a touchscreen</li>
<li>MAY have either capacative or resistive touchscreen</li>
<li>MUST report the value of <code>android.content.res.Configuration</code>
[<a href="#resources24">Resources, 24</a>]
reflecting corresponding to the type of the specific touchscreen on the
device</li>
</ul>
<h3>8.6. USB</h3>
<p>Device implementations:</p>
<ul>
<li>MUST implement a USB client, connectable to a USB host with a standard
USB-A port</li>
<li>MUST implement the Android Debug Bridge over USB (as described in Section
7)</li>
<li>MUST implement the USB mass storage specification, to allow a host
connected to the device to access the contents of the /sdcard volume </li>
<li>SHOULD use the micro USB form factor on the device side</li>
<li>MAY include a non-standard port on the device side, but if so MUST ship
with a cable capable of connecting the custom pinout to standard USB-A
port</li>
</ul>
<h3>8.7. Navigation keys</h3>
<p>The Home, Menu and Back functions are essential to the Android navigation
paradigm. Device implementations MUST make these functions available to the
user at all times, regardless of application state. These functions SHOULD be
implemented via dedicated buttons. They MAY be implemented using software,
gestures, touch panel, etc., but if so they MUST be always accessible and not
obscure or interfere with the available application display area.</p>
<p>Device implementers SHOULD also provide a dedicated search key. Device
implementers MAY also provide send and end keys for phone calls.</p>
<h3>8.8. Wireless Data Networking</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST include support for wireless high-speed data
networking. Specifically, device implementations MUST include support for at
least one wireless data standard capable of 200Kbit/sec or greater. Examples of
technologies that satisfy this requirement include EDGE, HSPA, EV-DO, 802.11g, etc.</p>
<p>If a device implementation includes a particular modality for which the
Android SDK includes an API (that is, WiFi, GSM, or CDMA), the implementation
MUST support the API.</p>
<p>Devices MAY implement more than one form of wireless data connectivity.
Devices MAY implement wired data connectivity (such as Ethernet), but MUST
nonetheless include at least one form of wireless connectivity, as above.</p>
<h3>8.9. Camera</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST include a camera. The included camera:</p>
<ul>
<li>MUST have a resolution of at least 2 megapixels</li>
<li>SHOULD have either hardware auto-focus, or software auto-focus implemented
in the camera driver (transparent to application software)</li>
<li>MAY have fixed-focus or EDOF (extended depth of field) hardware</li>
<li>MAY include a flash. If the Camera includes a flash, the flash lamp MUST
NOT be lit while an android.hardware.Camera.PreviewCallback instance has been
registered on a Camera preview surface, unless the application has explicitly
enabled the flash by enabling the <code>FLASH_MODE_AUTO</code> or
<code>FLASH_MODE_ON</code> attributes of a <code>Camera.Parameters</code>
object. Note that this constraint does not apply to the device's built-in
system camera application, but only to third-party applications using
<code>Camera.PreviewCallback</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Device implementations MUST implement the following behaviors for the
camera-related APIs:</p>
<ol>
<li>If an application has never called
android.hardware.Camera.Parameters.setPreviewFormat(int), then the device MUST
use android.hardware.PixelFormat.YCbCr_420_SP for preview data provided to
application callbacks.</li>
<li>If an application registers an android.hardware.Camera.PreviewCallback
instance and the system calls the onPreviewFrame() method when the preview
format is YCbCr_420_SP, the data in the byte[] passed into onPreviewFrame()
must further be in the NV21 encoding format. (This is the format used natively
by the 7k hardware family.) That is, NV21 MUST be the default.</li>
</ol>
<p>Device implementations MUST implement the full Camera API included in the
Android 2.1 SDK documentation [<a href="#resources26">Resources, 26</a>]),
regardless of whether the device includes hardware autofocus or other
capabilities. For instance, cameras that lack autofocus MUST still call any
registered <code>android.hardware.Camera.AutoFocusCallback</code> instances (even though
this has no relevance to a non-autofocus camera.)</p>
<p>Device implementations MUST recognize and honor each parameter name defined
as a constant on the <code>android.hardware.Camera.Parameters</code> class, if the
underlying hardware supports the feature. If the device hardware does not
support a feature, the API must behave as documented. Conversely, Device
implementations MUST NOT honor or recognize string constants passed
to the <code>android.hardware.Camera.setParameters()</code> method other than
those documented as constants on the
<code>android.hardware.Camera.Parameters</code>, unless the constants are
prefixed with a string indicating the name of the device implementer. That is,
device implementations MUST support all standard Camera parameters if the
hardware allows, and MUST NOT support custom Camera parameter types unless
the parameter names are clearly indicated via a string prefix to be non-standard.</p>
<h3>8.10. Accelerometer</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST include a 3-axis accelerometer and MUST be able
to deliver events at 50 Hz or greater. The coordinate system used by the
accelerometer MUST comply with the Android sensor coordinate system as detailed
in the Android APIs (see [<a href="#resources27">Resources, 27</a>]).</p>
<h3>8.11. Compass</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST include a 3-axis compass and MUST be able to
deliver events 10 Hz or greater. The coordinate system used by the compass
MUST comply with the Android sensor coordinate system as defined in the Android
API (see [<a href="#resources27">Resources, 27</a>]).</p>
<h3>8.12. GPS</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST include a GPS, and SHOULD include some form of
"assisted GPS" technique to minimize GPS lock-on time.</p>
<h3>8.13. Telephony</h3>
<p>Android 2.1 MAY be used on devices that do not include telephony hardware.
That is, Android 2.1 is compatible with devices that are not phones.
However, if a device implementation does include GSM or CDMA telephony, it
MUST implement the full support for the API for that technology. Device
implementations that do not include telephony hardware MUST implement the full
APIs as no-ops.</p>
<p>See also Section 8.8, Wireless Data Networking.</p>
<h3>8.14. Memory and Storage</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST have at least 92MB of memory available to the
kernel and userspace. The 92MB MUST be in addition to any memory dedicated to
hardware components such as radio, memory, and so on that is not under the
kernel's control.</p>
<p>Device implementations MUST have at least 150MB of non-volatile storage
available for user data. That is, the <code>/data</code> partition must be at
least 150MB.</p>
<div class="cdd-erratum">Note: this section was modified by Erratum EX6580.</div>
<h3>8.15. Application Shared Storage</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST offer shared storage for applications. The
shared storage provided MUST be at least 2GB in size.</p>
<p>Device implementations MUST be configured with shared storage mounted by
default, "out of the box". If the shared storage is not mounted on the Linux
path <code>/sdcard</code>, then the device MUST include a Linux symbolic link
from <code>/sdcard</code> to the actual mount point.</p>
<p>Device implementations MUST enforce as documented the
<code>android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE</code> permission on this
shared storage. Shared storage MUST otherwise be writable by any application
that obtains that permission.</p>
<p>Device implementations MAY have hardware for user-accessible removable
storage, such as a Secure Digital card. Alternatively, device implementations
MAY allocate internal (non-removable) storage as shared storage for apps.</p>
<p>Regardless of the form of shared storage used, the shared storage MUST
implement USB mass storage, as described in Section 8.6. As shipped out of the
box, the shared storage MUST be mounted with the FAT filesystem.</p>
<p>It is illustrative to consider two common examples. If a device
implementation includes an SD card slot to satisfy the shared storage
requirement, a FAT-formatted SD card 2GB in size or larger MUST be included
with the device as sold to users, and MUST be mounted by default.
Alternatively, if a device implementation uses internal fixed storage to
satisfy this requirement, that storage MUST be 2GB in size or larger and
mounted on <code>/sdcard</code> (or <code>/sdcard</code> MUST be a symbolic
link to the physical location if it is mounted elsewhere.)</p>
<div class="cdd-erratum">Note: this section was added by Erratum EX6580.</div>
<h3>8.16. Bluetooth</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST include a Bluetooth transceiver. Device
implementations MUST enable the RFCOMM-based Bluetooth API as described in the
SDK documentation [<a href="#resources29">Resources, 29</a>]. Device
implementations SHOULD implement relevant Bluetooth profiles, such as A2DP,
AVRCP, OBEX, etc. as appropriate for the device.</p>
<div class="cdd-erratum">Note: this section was added by Erratum EX6580.</div>
<h2>9. Performance Compatibility</h2>
<p>One of the goals of the Android Compatibility Program is to enable
consistent application experience to consumers. Compatible implementations
must ensure not only that applications simply run correctly on the device, but
that they do so with reasonable performance and overall good user experience.
Device implementations MUST meet the key performance metrics of an Android 2.1
compatible device defined in the table below:</p>
<table><tbody><tr>
<td><b>Metric</b></td>
<td><b>Performance Threshold</b></td>
<td><b>Comments</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Application Launch Time</td>
<td>The following applications should launch within the specified time.<ul>
<li>Browser: less than 1300ms</li>
<li>MMS/SMS: less than 700ms</li>
<li>AlarmClock: less than 650ms</li>
</ul></td>
<td>The launch time is measured as the total time to
complete loading the default activity for the application, including the time
it takes to start the Linux process, load the Android package into the Dalvik
VM, and call onCreate.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Simultaneous Applications</td>
<td>When multiple applications have been launched, re-launching an
already-running application after it has been launched must take less than the
original launch time.</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>10. Security Model Compatibility</h2>
<p>Device implementations MUST implement a security model consistent with the
Android platform security model as defined in Security and Permissions
reference document in the APIs [<a href="#resources28">Resources, 28</a>] in the
Android developer documentation. Device implementations MUST support
installation of self-signed applications without requiring any additional
permissions/certificates from any third parties/authorities. Specifically,
compatible devices MUST support the security mechanisms described in the
follow sub-sections.</p>
<h3>10.1. Permissions</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST support the Android permissions model as
defined in the Android developer documentation [<a
href="#resources28">Resources, 28</a>]. Specifically,
implementations MUST enforce each permission defined as described in the SDK
documentation; no permissions may be omitted, altered, or ignored.
Implementations MAY add additional permissions, provided the new permission ID
strings are not in the android.* namespace.</p>
<h3>10.2. UID and Process Isolation</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST support the Android application sandbox model,
in which each application runs as a unique Unix-style UID and in a separate
process. Device implementations MUST support running multiple applications as
the same Linux user ID, provided that the applications are properly signed and
constructed, as defined in the Security and Permissions reference [<a
href="#resources28">Resources, 28</a>].</p>
<h3>10.3. Filesystem Permissions</h3>
<p>Device implementations MUST support the Android file access permissions
model as defined in as defined in the Security and Permissions reference [<a
href="#resources28">Resources, 28</a>].</p>
<h2>11. Compatibility Test Suite</h2>
<p>Device implementations MUST pass the Android Compatibility Test Suite (CTS)
[<a href="#resources02">Resources, 2</a>] available from the Android Open Source
Project, using the final shipping software on the device. Additionally, device
implementers SHOULD use the reference implementation in the Android Open
Source tree as much as possible, and MUST ensure compatibility in cases of
ambiguity in CTS and for any reimplementations of parts of the reference
source code.</p>
<p>The CTS is designed to be run on an actual device. Like any software, the
CTS may itself contain bugs. The CTS will be versioned independently of this
Compatibility Definition, and multiple revisions of the CTS may be released
for Android 2.1. Device implementations MUST pass the latest CTS version
available at the time the device software is completed.</p>
<h2>12. Updatable Software</h2>
<p>Device implementations MUST include a mechanism to replace the entirety of
the system software. The mechanism need not perform "live" upgrades -- that
is, a device restart MAY be required.</p>
<p>Any method can be used, provided that it can replace the entirety of the
software preinstalled on the device. For instance, any of the following
approaches will satisfy this requirement:</p>
<ul>
<li>Over-the-air (OTA) downloads with offline update via reboot</li>
<li>"Tethered" updates over USB from a host PC</li>
<li>"Offline" updates via a reboot and update from a file on removable
storage</li>
</ul>
<p>The update mechanism used MUST support updates without wiping user data.
Note that the upstream Android software includes an update mechanism that
satisfies this requirement.</p>
<p>If an error is found in a device implementation after it has been released
but within its reasonable product lifetime that is determined in consultation
with the Android Compatibility Team to affect the compatibility of thid-party
applications, the device implementer MUST correct the error via a software
update available that can be applied per the mechanism just described.</p>
<h2>13. Contact Us</h2>
<p>You can contact the document authors at <a
href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> for
clarifications and to bring up any issues that you think the document does not
cover.</p>
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