src/devices/accessories/aoa.jd

page.title=Android Open Accessory Protocol 1.0
@jd:body

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<p>Android USB accessories must adhere to the Android Open Accessory (AOA)
protocol, which defines how an accessory detects and sets up communication with
an Android-powered device. Accessories should carry out the following steps:</p>

<ol>
<li>Wait for and detect a connected device.</li>
<li>Determine the device's accessory mode support.</li>
<li>Attempt to start the device in accessory mode (if needed).</li>
<li>If the device supports AOA, establish communication with the device.</li>
</ol>

<p>The following sections explain how to implement these steps.</p>

<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> When developing a new accessory that
connects to an Android device over USB, use
<a href="aoa2.html">AOAv2</a>.</p>

<h2 id="wait-for-and-detect-connected-devices">Wait for and detect connected
devices</h2>

<p>Accessories should continuously check for connected Android-powered devices.
When a device is connected, the accessory should determine if the device
supports accessory mode.</p>

<h2 id="determine-accessory-mode-support">Determine accessory mode support</h2>

<p>When an Android-powered device connects, it can be in one of three states:
</p>

<ul>
<li>Supports Android accessory mode and is already in accessory mode.</li>
<li>Supports Android accessory mode but it is not in accessory mode.</li>
<li>Does not support Android accessory mode.</li>
</ul>

<p>During the initial connection, the accessory should check the vendor ID and
product ID of the connected device's USB device descriptor. The vendor ID
should match Google's ID (<code>0x18D1</code>). If the device is already in
accessory mode, the product ID should be <code>0x2D00</code> or
<code>0x2D01</code> and the accessory can
<a href="#establish-communication-with-the-device">establish communication with
the device</a> through bulk transfer endpoints using its own communication
protocol (the device does not need to be started in accessory mode).</p>

<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> <code>0x2D00</code> is reserved for
Android-powered devices that support accessory mode. <code>0x2D01</code> is
reserved for devices that support accessory mode as well as the Android Debug
Bridge (ADB) protocol, which exposes a second interface with two bulk endpoints
for ADB. You can use these endpoints for debugging the accessory application if
you are simulating the accessory on a computer. In general, do not use this
interface unless the accessory implements a passthrough to ADB on the device.
</p>

<p>If the vendor ID or the product ID found in USB device descriptor do not
match expected values, the accessory cannot determine if the device supports
Android accessory mode. The accessory should attempt to start the device in
accessory mode (detailed below) to determine device support.</p>

<h2 id="attempt-to-start-in-accessory-mode">Attempt to start in accessory
mode</h2>

<p>If the vendor and product IDs do not correspond to an Android-powered device
in accessory mode, the accessory cannot discern whether the device supports (but
is not in) accessory mode or if the device does not support accessory mode. This
can occur because devices that support accessory mode (but are not in accessory
mode) initially report the <em>device</em> manufacturer vendor and product IDs
instead of the <em>AOA</em> vendor and product IDs.</p>

<p>The accessory should try to start the device in accessory mode to determine
if the device supports that mode:</p>

<ol>
  <li>Send a 51 control request ("Get Protocol") to determine if the device
  supports the Android accessory protocol. If the device supports the protocol,
  it returns a non-zero number that represents the supported protocol version.
  The control request is on endpoint 0 with the following characteristics:

<pre>
requestType:    USB_DIR_IN | USB_TYPE_VENDOR
request:        51
value:          0
index:          0
data:           protocol version number (16 bits little endian sent from the
                device to the accessory)
</pre>
  </li>

  <li>If the device returns a supported protocol version, send a control request
  with identifying string information to the device. This information allows the
  device to determine an appropriate application for the accessory (or present a
  URL to the user if an appropriate application does not exist). The control
  request is on endpoint 0 (for each string ID) with the following
  characteristics:

<pre>
requestType:    USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR
request:        52
value:          0
index:          string ID
data            zero terminated UTF8 string sent from accessory to device
</pre>

  <p>The following string IDs are supported, with a maximum size of 256 bytes
  for each string (must be zero-terminated with <code>\0</code>).</p>

<pre>
manufacturer name:  0
model name:         1
description:        2
version:            3
URI:                4
serial number:      5
</pre>
  </li>

  <li>Send a control request to ask the device to start in accessory mode. The
  control request is on endpoint 0 with the following characteristics:

<pre>
requestType:    USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR
request:        53
value:          0
index:          0
data:           none
</pre>
  </li>
</ol>

<p>After completing these steps, the accessory should wait for the connected USB
device to re-introduce itself on the bus in accessory mode, then re-enumerate
connected devices. The algorithm
<a href="#determine-accessory-mode-support">determines accessory mode support</a>
by checking the vendor and product IDs, which should be correct (e.g. correspond
to Google's vendor and product IDs instead of the device manufacturer's IDs) if
the device successfully switched to accessory mode. If IDs are correct, the
accessory moves to <a href="#establish-communication-with-the-device">establish
communication with the device</a>.</p>

<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> AOA does not currently support
simultaneous AOA and MTP connections. To switch from AOA to MTP, the accessory
must first disconnect the USB device (either physically or in an electrically
equivalent way) then reconnect using MTP.</p>

<p>If any step fails, the accessory determines the device does not support
Android accessory mode and waits for the next device to connect.</p>


<h2 id="establish-communication-with-the-device">Establish communication with
the device</h2>

<p>If the accessory detects an Android-powered device in accessory mode, the
accessory can query the device interface and endpoint descriptors to obtain the
bulk endpoints for communicating with the device.</p>

<p>The number of interfaces and bulk endpoints depends on the product ID. An
Android-powered device with a product ID of:</p>

<ul>
<li><code>0x2D00</code> has one interface with two bulk endpoints for input and
output communication.</li>
<li><code>0x2D01</code> has two interfaces with two bulk endpoints each for
input and output communication. The first interface handles standard
communication and the second interface handles ADB communication. To use an
interface, locate the first bulk input and output endpoints, set the
device configuration to a value of 1 with a <code>SET_CONFIGURATION</code>
(<code>0x09</code>) device request, then communicate using the endpoints.</li>
</ul>