docs/libcurl/libcurl-url.3

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.TH libcurl 3 "10 Sep 2018" "libcurl" "libcurl URL interface"
.SH NAME
libcurl-url \- URL interface overview
.SH DESCRIPTION
The URL interface provides functions for parsing and generating URLs.
.SH INCLUDE
You still only include <curl/curl.h> in your code.
.SH CREATE
Create a handle that holds URL info and resources with \fIcurl_url(3)\fP:
.nf
  CURLU *h = curl_url();
.fi
.SH CLEANUP
When done with it, clean it up with \fIcurl_url_cleanup(3)\fP
.nf
  curl_url_cleanup(h);
.fi
.SH DUPLICATE
When you need a copy of a handle, just duplicate it with \fIcurl_url_dup(3)\fP:
.nf
  CURLU *nh = curl_url_dup(h);
.fi
.SH PARSING
By setting a URL to the handle with \fIcurl_url_set(3)\fP, the URL is parsed
and stored in the handle. If the URL is not syntactically correct it will
return an error instead.
.nf
  rc = curl_url_set(h, CURLUPART_URL,
                    "https://example.com:449/foo/bar?name=moo", 0);
.fi

The zero in the fourth argument is a bitmask for changing specific features.

If successful, this stores the URL in its individual parts within the handle.
.SH REDIRECT
When a handle already contains info about a URL, setting a relative URL will
make it "redirect" to adapt to it.
.nf
  rc = curl_url_set(h, CURLUPART_URL, "../test?another", 0);
.fi
.SH "GET URL"
The \fBCURLU\fP handle represents a URL and you can easily extract that with
\fIcurl_url_get(3)\fP:
.nf
  char *url;
  rc = curl_url_get(h, CURLUPART_URL, &url, 0);
  curl_free(url);
.fi
The zero in the fourth argument is a bitmask for changing specific features.
.SH "GET PARTS"
When a URL has been parsed or parts have been set, you can extract those
pieces from the handle at any time.

.nf
  rc = curl_url_get(h, CURLUPART_HOST, &host, 0);
  rc = curl_url_get(h, CURLUPART_SCHEME, &scheme, 0);
  rc = curl_url_get(h, CURLUPART_USER, &user, 0);
  rc = curl_url_get(h, CURLUPART_PASSWORD, &password, 0);
  rc = curl_url_get(h, CURLUPART_PORT, &port, 0);
  rc = curl_url_get(h, CURLUPART_PATH, &path, 0);
  rc = curl_url_get(h, CURLUPART_QUERY, &query, 0);
  rc = curl_url_get(h, CURLUPART_FRAGMENT, &fragment, 0);
.fi

Extracted parts are not URL decoded unless the user also asks for it with the
\fICURLU_URLDECODE\fP flag set in the fourth bitmask argument.

Remember to free the returned string with \fIcurl_free(3)\fP when you are done
with it!
.SH "SET PARTS"
A user set individual URL parts, either after having parsed a full URL or
instead of parsing such.

.nf
  rc = curl_url_set(urlp, CURLUPART_HOST, "www.example.com", 0);
  rc = curl_url_set(urlp, CURLUPART_SCHEME, "https", 0);
  rc = curl_url_set(urlp, CURLUPART_USER, "john", 0);
  rc = curl_url_set(urlp, CURLUPART_PASSWORD, "doe", 0);
  rc = curl_url_set(urlp, CURLUPART_PORT, "443", 0);
  rc = curl_url_set(urlp, CURLUPART_PATH, "/index.html", 0);
  rc = curl_url_set(urlp, CURLUPART_QUERY, "name=john", 0);
  rc = curl_url_set(urlp, CURLUPART_FRAGMENT, "anchor", 0);
.fi

Set parts are not URL encoded unless the user asks for it with the
\fICURLU_URLENCODE\fP flag.
.SH "CURLU_APPENDQUERY"
An application can append a string to the right end of the query part with the
\fICURLU_APPENDQUERY\fP flag to \fIcurl_url_set(3)\fP.

Imagine a handle that holds the URL "https://example.com/?shoes=2". An
application can then add the string "hat=1" to the query part like this:

.nf
  rc = curl_url_set(urlp, CURLUPART_QUERY, "hat=1", CURLU_APPENDQUERY);
.fi

It will even notice the lack of an ampersand (&) separator so it will inject
one too, and the handle's full URL will then equal
"https://example.com/?shoes=2&hat=1".

The appended string can of course also get URL encoded on add, and if asked to
URL encode, the encoding process will skip the '=' character. For example,
append "candy=N&N" to what we already have, and URL encode it to deal with the
ampersand in the data:
.nf
  rc = curl_url_set(urlp, CURLUPART_QUERY, "candy=N&N",
                    CURLU_APPENDQUERY | CURLU_URLENCODE);
.fi

Now the URL looks like
.nf
  https://example.com/?shoes=2&hat=1&candy=N%26N
.fi
.SH AVAILABILITY
The URL API was introduced in libcurl 7.62.0.

A URL with a literal IPv6 address can be parsed even when IPv6 support is not
enabled.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR curl_url "(3), " curl_url_cleanup "(3), " curl_url_get "(3), "
.BR curl_url_dup "(3), " curl_url_set "(3), " curl_url_strerror "(3), "
.BR CURLOPT_URL "(3)"