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/*
* Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include <errno.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include "ultrahdr/ultrahdrcommon.h"
#include "ultrahdr/jpegdecoderhelper.h"
using namespace std;
namespace ultrahdr {
static const uint32_t kAPP0Marker = JPEG_APP0; // JFIF
static const uint32_t kAPP1Marker = JPEG_APP0 + 1; // EXIF, XMP
static const uint32_t kAPP2Marker = JPEG_APP0 + 2; // ICC, ISO Metadata
static constexpr uint8_t kICCSig[] = {
'I', 'C', 'C', '_', 'P', 'R', 'O', 'F', 'I', 'L', 'E', '\0',
};
static constexpr uint8_t kXmpNameSpace[] = {
'h', 't', 't', 'p', ':', '/', '/', 'n', 's', '.', 'a', 'd', 'o', 'b', 'e',
'.', 'c', 'o', 'm', '/', 'x', 'a', 'p', '/', '1', '.', '0', '/', '\0',
};
static constexpr uint8_t kExifIdCode[] = {
'E', 'x', 'i', 'f', '\0', '\0',
};
static constexpr uint8_t kIsoMetadataNameSpace[] = {
'u', 'r', 'n', ':', 'i', 's', 'o', ':', 's', 't', 'd', ':', 'i', 's',
'o', ':', 't', 's', ':', '2', '1', '4', '9', '6', ':', '-', '1', '\0',
};
const int kMinWidth = 8;
const int kMinHeight = 8;
// if max dimension is not defined, default to 8k resolution
#ifndef UHDR_MAX_DIMENSION
#define UHDR_MAX_DIMENSION 8192
#endif
static_assert(UHDR_MAX_DIMENSION >= (std::max)(kMinHeight, kMinWidth),
"configured UHDR_MAX_DIMENSION must be atleast max(minWidth, minHeight)");
static_assert(UHDR_MAX_DIMENSION <= JPEG_MAX_DIMENSION,
"configured UHDR_MAX_DIMENSION must be <= JPEG_MAX_DIMENSION");
const int kMaxWidth = UHDR_MAX_DIMENSION;
const int kMaxHeight = UHDR_MAX_DIMENSION;
/*!\brief module for managing input */
struct jpeg_source_mgr_impl : jpeg_source_mgr {
jpeg_source_mgr_impl(const uint8_t* ptr, size_t len);
~jpeg_source_mgr_impl() = default;
const uint8_t* mBufferPtr;
size_t mBufferLength;
};
/*!\brief module for managing error */
struct jpeg_error_mgr_impl : jpeg_error_mgr {
jmp_buf setjmp_buffer;
};
static void jpegr_init_source(j_decompress_ptr cinfo) {
jpeg_source_mgr_impl* src = static_cast<jpeg_source_mgr_impl*>(cinfo->src);
src->next_input_byte = static_cast<const JOCTET*>(src->mBufferPtr);
src->bytes_in_buffer = src->mBufferLength;
}
static boolean jpegr_fill_input_buffer(j_decompress_ptr /* cinfo */) {
ALOGE("%s : should not reach here", __func__);
return FALSE;
}
static void jpegr_skip_input_data(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, long num_bytes) {
jpeg_source_mgr_impl* src = static_cast<jpeg_source_mgr_impl*>(cinfo->src);
if (num_bytes > static_cast<long>(src->bytes_in_buffer)) {
ALOGE("jpegr_skip_input_data - num_bytes > (long)src->bytes_in_buffer");
} else {
src->next_input_byte += num_bytes;
src->bytes_in_buffer -= num_bytes;
}
}
static void jpegr_term_source(j_decompress_ptr /*cinfo*/) {}
jpeg_source_mgr_impl::jpeg_source_mgr_impl(const uint8_t* ptr, size_t len)
: mBufferPtr(ptr), mBufferLength(len) {
init_source = jpegr_init_source;
fill_input_buffer = jpegr_fill_input_buffer;
skip_input_data = jpegr_skip_input_data;
resync_to_restart = jpeg_resync_to_restart;
term_source = jpegr_term_source;
}
static void jpegrerror_exit(j_common_ptr cinfo) {
jpeg_error_mgr_impl* err = reinterpret_cast<jpeg_error_mgr_impl*>(cinfo->err);
longjmp(err->setjmp_buffer, 1);
}
static void output_message(j_common_ptr cinfo) {
char buffer[JMSG_LENGTH_MAX];
(*cinfo->err->format_message)(cinfo, buffer);
ALOGE("%s\n", buffer);
}
static void jpeg_extract_marker_payload(const j_decompress_ptr cinfo, const uint32_t marker_code,
const uint8_t* marker_fourcc_code,
const uint32_t fourcc_length,
std::vector<JOCTET>& destination,
long& markerPayloadOffsetRelativeToSourceBuffer) {
unsigned int pos = 2; /* position after reading SOI marker (0xffd8) */
markerPayloadOffsetRelativeToSourceBuffer = -1;
for (jpeg_marker_struct* marker = cinfo->marker_list; marker; marker = marker->next) {
pos += 4; /* position after reading next marker and its size (0xFFXX, [SIZE = 2 bytes]) */
if (marker->marker == marker_code && marker->data_length > fourcc_length &&
!memcmp(marker->data, marker_fourcc_code, fourcc_length)) {
destination.resize(marker->data_length);
memcpy(static_cast<void*>(destination.data()), marker->data, marker->data_length);
markerPayloadOffsetRelativeToSourceBuffer = pos;
return;
}
pos += marker->original_length; /* position after marker's payload */
}
}
static uhdr_img_fmt_t getOutputSamplingFormat(const j_decompress_ptr cinfo) {
if (cinfo->num_components == 1)
return UHDR_IMG_FMT_8bppYCbCr400;
else {
float ratios[6];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
ratios[i * 2] = ((float)cinfo->comp_info[i].h_samp_factor) / cinfo->max_h_samp_factor;
ratios[i * 2 + 1] = ((float)cinfo->comp_info[i].v_samp_factor) / cinfo->max_v_samp_factor;
}
if (ratios[0] == 1 && ratios[1] == 1 && ratios[2] == ratios[4] && ratios[3] == ratios[5]) {
if (ratios[2] == 1 && ratios[3] == 1) {
return UHDR_IMG_FMT_24bppYCbCr444;
} else if (ratios[2] == 1 && ratios[3] == 0.5) {
return UHDR_IMG_FMT_16bppYCbCr440;
} else if (ratios[2] == 0.5 && ratios[3] == 1) {
return UHDR_IMG_FMT_16bppYCbCr422;
} else if (ratios[2] == 0.5 && ratios[3] == 0.5) {
return UHDR_IMG_FMT_12bppYCbCr420;
} else if (ratios[2] == 0.25 && ratios[3] == 1) {
return UHDR_IMG_FMT_12bppYCbCr411;
} else if (ratios[2] == 0.25 && ratios[3] == 0.5) {
return UHDR_IMG_FMT_10bppYCbCr410;
}
}
}
return UHDR_IMG_FMT_UNSPECIFIED;
}
uhdr_error_info_t JpegDecoderHelper::decompressImage(const void* image, size_t length,
decode_mode_t mode) {
if (image == nullptr) {
uhdr_error_info_t status;
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_INVALID_PARAM;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail, "received nullptr for compressed image data");
return status;
}
if (length <= 0) {
uhdr_error_info_t status;
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_INVALID_PARAM;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail, "received bad compressed image size %zd", length);
return status;
}
// reset context
mResultBuffer.clear();
mXMPBuffer.clear();
mEXIFBuffer.clear();
mICCBuffer.clear();
mIsoMetadataBuffer.clear();
mOutFormat = UHDR_IMG_FMT_UNSPECIFIED;
mNumComponents = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < kMaxNumComponents; i++) {
mPlanesMCURow[i].reset();
mPlaneWidth[i] = 0;
mPlaneHeight[i] = 0;
mPlaneHStride[i] = 0;
mPlaneVStride[i] = 0;
}
mExifPayLoadOffset = -1;
return decode(image, length, mode);
}
uhdr_error_info_t JpegDecoderHelper::decode(const void* image, size_t length, decode_mode_t mode) {
jpeg_source_mgr_impl mgr(static_cast<const uint8_t*>(image), length);
jpeg_decompress_struct cinfo;
jpeg_error_mgr_impl myerr;
uhdr_error_info_t status = g_no_error;
cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&myerr);
myerr.error_exit = jpegrerror_exit;
myerr.output_message = output_message;
if (0 == setjmp(myerr.setjmp_buffer)) {
jpeg_create_decompress(&cinfo);
cinfo.src = &mgr;
jpeg_save_markers(&cinfo, kAPP0Marker, 0xFFFF);
jpeg_save_markers(&cinfo, kAPP1Marker, 0xFFFF);
jpeg_save_markers(&cinfo, kAPP2Marker, 0xFFFF);
int ret_val = jpeg_read_header(&cinfo, TRUE /* require an image to be present */);
if (JPEG_HEADER_OK != ret_val) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"jpeg_read_header(...) returned %d, expected %d", ret_val, JPEG_HEADER_OK);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
long payloadOffset = -1;
jpeg_extract_marker_payload(&cinfo, kAPP1Marker, kXmpNameSpace,
sizeof kXmpNameSpace / sizeof kXmpNameSpace[0], mXMPBuffer,
payloadOffset);
jpeg_extract_marker_payload(&cinfo, kAPP1Marker, kExifIdCode,
sizeof kExifIdCode / sizeof kExifIdCode[0], mEXIFBuffer,
mExifPayLoadOffset);
jpeg_extract_marker_payload(&cinfo, kAPP2Marker, kICCSig, sizeof kICCSig / sizeof kICCSig[0],
mICCBuffer, payloadOffset);
jpeg_extract_marker_payload(&cinfo, kAPP2Marker, kIsoMetadataNameSpace,
sizeof kIsoMetadataNameSpace / sizeof kIsoMetadataNameSpace[0],
mIsoMetadataBuffer, payloadOffset);
if (cinfo.image_width < 1 || cinfo.image_height < 1) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"received bad image width or height, wd = %d, ht = %d. wd and height shall be >= 1",
cinfo.image_width, cinfo.image_height);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
if ((int)cinfo.image_width > kMaxWidth || (int)cinfo.image_height > kMaxHeight) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(
status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"max width, max supported by library are %d, %d respectively. Current image width and "
"height are %d, %d. Recompile library with updated max supported dimensions to proceed",
kMaxWidth, kMaxHeight, cinfo.image_width, cinfo.image_height);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
if (cinfo.num_components != 1 && cinfo.num_components != 3) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(
status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"ultrahdr primary image and supplimentary images are images encoded with 1 component "
"(grayscale) or 3 components (YCbCr / RGB). Unrecognized number of components %d",
cinfo.num_components);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
for (int i = 0, product = 0; i < cinfo.num_components; i++) {
if (cinfo.comp_info[i].h_samp_factor < 1 || cinfo.comp_info[i].h_samp_factor > 4) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"received bad horizontal sampling factor for component index %d, sample factor h "
"= %d, this is expected to be with in range [1-4]",
i, cinfo.comp_info[i].h_samp_factor);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
if (cinfo.comp_info[i].v_samp_factor < 1 || cinfo.comp_info[i].v_samp_factor > 4) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"received bad vertical sampling factor for component index %d, sample factor v = "
"%d, this is expected to be with in range [1-4]",
i, cinfo.comp_info[i].v_samp_factor);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
product += cinfo.comp_info[i].h_samp_factor * cinfo.comp_info[i].v_samp_factor;
if (product > 10) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"received bad sampling factors for components, sum of product of h_samp_factor, "
"v_samp_factor across all components exceeds 10");
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
}
mNumComponents = cinfo.num_components;
for (int i = 0; i < cinfo.num_components; i++) {
mPlaneWidth[i] = std::ceil(((float)cinfo.image_width * cinfo.comp_info[i].h_samp_factor) /
cinfo.max_h_samp_factor);
mPlaneHStride[i] = mPlaneWidth[i];
mPlaneHeight[i] = std::ceil(((float)cinfo.image_height * cinfo.comp_info[i].v_samp_factor) /
cinfo.max_v_samp_factor);
mPlaneVStride[i] = mPlaneHeight[i];
}
if (cinfo.num_components == 3) {
if (mPlaneWidth[1] > mPlaneWidth[0] || mPlaneHeight[2] > mPlaneHeight[0]) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"cb, cr planes are upsampled wrt luma plane. luma width %d, luma height %d, cb "
"width %d, cb height %d, cr width %d, cr height %d",
(int)mPlaneWidth[0], (int)mPlaneHeight[0], (int)mPlaneWidth[1],
(int)mPlaneHeight[1], (int)mPlaneWidth[2], (int)mPlaneHeight[2]);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
if (mPlaneWidth[1] != mPlaneWidth[2] || mPlaneHeight[1] != mPlaneHeight[2]) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"cb, cr planes are not sampled identically. cb width %d, cb height %d, cr width "
"%d, cr height %d",
(int)mPlaneWidth[1], (int)mPlaneHeight[1], (int)mPlaneWidth[2],
(int)mPlaneHeight[2]);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
}
if (PARSE_STREAM == mode) {
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
if (DECODE_STREAM == mode) {
mode = cinfo.num_components == 1 ? DECODE_TO_YCBCR_CS : DECODE_TO_RGB_CS;
}
if (DECODE_TO_RGB_CS == mode) {
if (cinfo.jpeg_color_space != JCS_YCbCr && cinfo.jpeg_color_space != JCS_RGB) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"expected input color space to be JCS_YCbCr or JCS_RGB but got %d",
cinfo.jpeg_color_space);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
mPlaneHStride[0] = cinfo.image_width;
mPlaneVStride[0] = cinfo.image_height;
for (int i = 1; i < kMaxNumComponents; i++) {
mPlaneHStride[i] = 0;
mPlaneVStride[i] = 0;
}
#ifdef JCS_ALPHA_EXTENSIONS
mResultBuffer.resize((size_t)mPlaneHStride[0] * mPlaneVStride[0] * 4);
cinfo.out_color_space = JCS_EXT_RGBA;
#else
mResultBuffer.resize((size_t)mPlaneHStride[0] * mPlaneVStride[0] * 3);
cinfo.out_color_space = JCS_RGB;
#endif
} else if (DECODE_TO_YCBCR_CS == mode) {
if (cinfo.jpeg_color_space != JCS_YCbCr && cinfo.jpeg_color_space != JCS_GRAYSCALE) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"expected input color space to be JCS_YCbCr or JCS_GRAYSCALE but got %d",
cinfo.jpeg_color_space);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
size_t size = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < cinfo.num_components; i++) {
mPlaneHStride[i] = ALIGNM(mPlaneWidth[i], cinfo.max_h_samp_factor);
mPlaneVStride[i] = ALIGNM(mPlaneHeight[i], cinfo.max_v_samp_factor);
size += (size_t)mPlaneHStride[i] * mPlaneVStride[i];
}
mResultBuffer.resize(size);
cinfo.out_color_space = cinfo.jpeg_color_space;
cinfo.raw_data_out = TRUE;
}
cinfo.dct_method = JDCT_ISLOW;
jpeg_start_decompress(&cinfo);
status = decode(&cinfo, static_cast<uint8_t*>(mResultBuffer.data()));
if (status.error_code != UHDR_CODEC_OK) {
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
} else {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
cinfo.err->format_message((j_common_ptr)&cinfo, status.detail);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
jpeg_finish_decompress(&cinfo);
jpeg_destroy_decompress(&cinfo);
return status;
}
uhdr_error_info_t JpegDecoderHelper::decode(jpeg_decompress_struct* cinfo, uint8_t* dest) {
uhdr_error_info_t status = g_no_error;
switch (cinfo->out_color_space) {
case JCS_GRAYSCALE:
[[fallthrough]];
case JCS_YCbCr:
mOutFormat = getOutputSamplingFormat(cinfo);
if (mOutFormat == UHDR_IMG_FMT_UNSPECIFIED) {
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"unrecognized subsampling format for output color space JCS_YCbCr");
}
return decodeToCSYCbCr(cinfo, dest);
#ifdef JCS_ALPHA_EXTENSIONS
case JCS_EXT_RGBA:
mOutFormat = UHDR_IMG_FMT_32bppRGBA8888;
return decodeToCSRGB(cinfo, dest);
#endif
case JCS_RGB:
mOutFormat = UHDR_IMG_FMT_24bppRGB888;
return decodeToCSRGB(cinfo, dest);
default:
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail, "unrecognized output color space %d",
cinfo->out_color_space);
}
return status;
}
uhdr_error_info_t JpegDecoderHelper::decodeToCSRGB(jpeg_decompress_struct* cinfo, uint8_t* dest) {
JSAMPLE* out = (JSAMPLE*)dest;
while (cinfo->output_scanline < cinfo->image_height) {
JDIMENSION read_lines = jpeg_read_scanlines(cinfo, &out, 1);
if (1 != read_lines) {
uhdr_error_info_t status;
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail, "jpeg_read_scanlines returned %d, expected %d",
read_lines, 1);
return status;
}
#ifdef JCS_ALPHA_EXTENSIONS
out += (size_t)mPlaneHStride[0] * 4;
#else
out += (size_t)mPlaneHStride[0] * 3;
#endif
}
return g_no_error;
}
uhdr_error_info_t JpegDecoderHelper::decodeToCSYCbCr(jpeg_decompress_struct* cinfo, uint8_t* dest) {
JSAMPROW mcuRows[kMaxNumComponents][4 * DCTSIZE];
JSAMPROW mcuRowsTmp[kMaxNumComponents][4 * DCTSIZE];
uint8_t* planes[kMaxNumComponents]{};
size_t alignedPlaneWidth[kMaxNumComponents]{};
JSAMPARRAY subImage[kMaxNumComponents];
for (int i = 0, plane_offset = 0; i < cinfo->num_components; i++) {
planes[i] = dest + plane_offset;
plane_offset += mPlaneHStride[i] * mPlaneVStride[i];
alignedPlaneWidth[i] = ALIGNM(mPlaneHStride[i], DCTSIZE);
if (mPlaneHStride[i] != alignedPlaneWidth[i]) {
mPlanesMCURow[i] = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(alignedPlaneWidth[i] * DCTSIZE *
cinfo->comp_info[i].v_samp_factor);
uint8_t* mem = mPlanesMCURow[i].get();
for (int j = 0; j < DCTSIZE * cinfo->comp_info[i].v_samp_factor;
j++, mem += alignedPlaneWidth[i]) {
mcuRowsTmp[i][j] = mem;
}
} else if (mPlaneVStride[i] % DCTSIZE != 0) {
mPlanesMCURow[i] = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(alignedPlaneWidth[i]);
}
subImage[i] = mPlaneHStride[i] == alignedPlaneWidth[i] ? mcuRows[i] : mcuRowsTmp[i];
}
while (cinfo->output_scanline < cinfo->image_height) {
JDIMENSION mcu_scanline_start[kMaxNumComponents];
for (int i = 0; i < cinfo->num_components; i++) {
mcu_scanline_start[i] =
std::ceil(((float)cinfo->output_scanline * cinfo->comp_info[i].v_samp_factor) /
cinfo->max_v_samp_factor);
for (int j = 0; j < cinfo->comp_info[i].v_samp_factor * DCTSIZE; j++) {
JDIMENSION scanline = mcu_scanline_start[i] + j;
if (scanline < mPlaneVStride[i]) {
mcuRows[i][j] = planes[i] + (size_t)scanline * mPlaneHStride[i];
} else {
mcuRows[i][j] = mPlanesMCURow[i].get();
}
}
}
int processed = jpeg_read_raw_data(cinfo, subImage, DCTSIZE * cinfo->max_v_samp_factor);
if (processed != DCTSIZE * cinfo->max_v_samp_factor) {
uhdr_error_info_t status;
status.error_code = UHDR_CODEC_ERROR;
status.has_detail = 1;
snprintf(status.detail, sizeof status.detail,
"number of scan lines read %d does not equal requested scan lines %d ", processed,
DCTSIZE * cinfo->max_v_samp_factor);
return status;
}
for (int i = 0; i < cinfo->num_components; i++) {
if (mPlaneHStride[i] != alignedPlaneWidth[i]) {
for (int j = 0; j < cinfo->comp_info[i].v_samp_factor * DCTSIZE; j++) {
JDIMENSION scanline = mcu_scanline_start[i] + j;
if (scanline < mPlaneVStride[i]) {
memcpy(mcuRows[i][j], mcuRowsTmp[i][j], mPlaneWidth[i]);
}
}
}
}
}
return g_no_error;
}
uhdr_raw_image_t JpegDecoderHelper::getDecompressedImage() {
uhdr_raw_image_t img;
img.fmt = mOutFormat;
img.cg = UHDR_CG_UNSPECIFIED;
img.ct = UHDR_CT_UNSPECIFIED;
img.range = UHDR_CR_FULL_RANGE;
img.w = mPlaneWidth[0];
img.h = mPlaneHeight[0];
uint8_t* data = mResultBuffer.data();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
img.planes[i] = data;
img.stride[i] = mPlaneHStride[i];
data += (size_t)mPlaneHStride[i] * mPlaneVStride[i];
}
return img;
}
} // namespace ultrahdr