tests/test_multiple_inheritance.cpp - platform/external/python/pybind11 - Git at Google

 /*
     tests/test_multiple_inheritance.cpp -- multiple inheritance,
     implicit MI casts

     Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <[email protected]>

     All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
     BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 */

 #include "constructor_stats.h"
 #include "pybind11_tests.h"

 namespace {

 // Many bases for testing that multiple inheritance from many classes (i.e. requiring extra
 // space for holder constructed flags) works.
 template <int N>
 struct BaseN {
     explicit BaseN(int i) : i(i) {}
     int i;
 };

 // test_mi_static_properties
 struct Vanilla {
     std::string vanilla() { return "Vanilla"; };
 };
 struct WithStatic1 {
     static std::string static_func1() { return "WithStatic1"; };
     static int static_value1;
 };
 struct WithStatic2 {
     static std::string static_func2() { return "WithStatic2"; };
     static int static_value2;
 };
 struct VanillaStaticMix1 : Vanilla, WithStatic1, WithStatic2 {
     static std::string static_func() { return "VanillaStaticMix1"; }
     static int static_value;
 };
 struct VanillaStaticMix2 : WithStatic1, Vanilla, WithStatic2 {
     static std::string static_func() { return "VanillaStaticMix2"; }
     static int static_value;
 };
 int WithStatic1::static_value1 = 1;
 int WithStatic2::static_value2 = 2;
 int VanillaStaticMix1::static_value = 12;
 int VanillaStaticMix2::static_value = 12;

 // test_multiple_inheritance_virtbase
 struct Base1a {
     explicit Base1a(int i) : i(i) {}
     int foo() const { return i; }
     int i;
 };
 struct Base2a {
     explicit Base2a(int i) : i(i) {}
     int bar() const { return i; }
     int i;
 };
 struct Base12a : Base1a, Base2a {
     Base12a(int i, int j) : Base1a(i), Base2a(j) {}
 };

 // test_mi_unaligned_base
 // test_mi_base_return
 struct I801B1 {
     int a = 1;
     I801B1() = default;
     I801B1(const I801B1 &) = default;
     virtual ~I801B1() = default;
 };
 struct I801B2 {
     int b = 2;
     I801B2() = default;
     I801B2(const I801B2 &) = default;
     virtual ~I801B2() = default;
 };
 struct I801C : I801B1, I801B2 {};
 struct I801D : I801C {}; // Indirect MI

 } // namespace

 TEST_SUBMODULE(multiple_inheritance, m) {
     // Please do not interleave `struct` and `class` definitions with bindings code,
     // but implement `struct`s and `class`es in the anonymous namespace above.
     // This helps keeping the smart_holder branch in sync with master.

     // test_multiple_inheritance_mix1
     // test_multiple_inheritance_mix2
     struct Base1 {
         explicit Base1(int i) : i(i) {}
         int foo() const { return i; }
         int i;
     };
     py::class_<Base1> b1(m, "Base1");
     b1.def(py::init<int>()).def("foo", &Base1::foo);

     struct Base2 {
         explicit Base2(int i) : i(i) {}
         int bar() const { return i; }
         int i;
     };
     py::class_<Base2> b2(m, "Base2");
     b2.def(py::init<int>()).def("bar", &Base2::bar);

     // test_multiple_inheritance_cpp
     struct Base12 : Base1, Base2 {
         Base12(int i, int j) : Base1(i), Base2(j) {}
     };
     struct MIType : Base12 {
         MIType(int i, int j) : Base12(i, j) {}
     };
     py::class_<Base12, Base1, Base2>(m, "Base12");
     py::class_<MIType, Base12>(m, "MIType").def(py::init<int, int>());

     // test_multiple_inheritance_python_many_bases
 #define PYBIND11_BASEN(N)                                                                         \
     py::class_<BaseN<(N)>>(m, "BaseN" #N).def(py::init<int>()).def("f" #N, [](BaseN<N> &b) {      \
         return b.i + (N);                                                                         \
     })
     PYBIND11_BASEN(1);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(2);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(3);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(4);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(5);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(6);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(7);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(8);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(9);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(10);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(11);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(12);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(13);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(14);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(15);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(16);
     PYBIND11_BASEN(17);

     // Uncommenting this should result in a compile time failure (MI can only be specified via
     // template parameters because pybind has to know the types involved; see discussion in #742
     // for details).
     //    struct Base12v2 : Base1, Base2 {
     //        Base12v2(int i, int j) : Base1(i), Base2(j) { }
     //    };
     //    py::class_<Base12v2>(m, "Base12v2", b1, b2)
     //        .def(py::init<int, int>());

     // test_multiple_inheritance_virtbase
     // Test the case where not all base classes are specified, and where pybind11 requires the
     // py::multiple_inheritance flag to perform proper casting between types.
     py::class_<Base1a, std::shared_ptr<Base1a>>(m, "Base1a")
         .def(py::init<int>())
         .def("foo", &Base1a::foo);

     py::class_<Base2a, std::shared_ptr<Base2a>>(m, "Base2a")
         .def(py::init<int>())
         .def("bar", &Base2a::bar);

     py::class_<Base12a, /* Base1 missing */ Base2a, std::shared_ptr<Base12a>>(
         m, "Base12a", py::multiple_inheritance())
         .def(py::init<int, int>());

     m.def("bar_base2a", [](Base2a *b) { return b->bar(); });
     m.def("bar_base2a_sharedptr", [](const std::shared_ptr<Base2a> &b) { return b->bar(); });

     // test_mi_unaligned_base
     // test_mi_base_return
     // Issue #801: invalid casting to derived type with MI bases
     // Unregistered classes:
     struct I801B3 {
         int c = 3;
         virtual ~I801B3() = default;
     };
     struct I801E : I801B3, I801D {};

     py::class_<I801B1, std::shared_ptr<I801B1>>(m, "I801B1")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def_readonly("a", &I801B1::a);
     py::class_<I801B2, std::shared_ptr<I801B2>>(m, "I801B2")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def_readonly("b", &I801B2::b);
     py::class_<I801C, I801B1, I801B2, std::shared_ptr<I801C>>(m, "I801C").def(py::init<>());
     py::class_<I801D, I801C, std::shared_ptr<I801D>>(m, "I801D").def(py::init<>());

     // Two separate issues here: first, we want to recognize a pointer to a base type as being a
     // known instance even when the pointer value is unequal (i.e. due to a non-first
     // multiple-inheritance base class):
     m.def("i801b1_c", [](I801C *c) { return static_cast<I801B1 *>(c); });
     m.def("i801b2_c", [](I801C *c) { return static_cast<I801B2 *>(c); });
     m.def("i801b1_d", [](I801D *d) { return static_cast<I801B1 *>(d); });
     m.def("i801b2_d", [](I801D *d) { return static_cast<I801B2 *>(d); });

     // Second, when returned a base class pointer to a derived instance, we cannot assume that the
     // pointer is `reinterpret_cast`able to the derived pointer because, like above, the base class
     // pointer could be offset.
     m.def("i801c_b1", []() -> I801B1 * { return new I801C(); });
     m.def("i801c_b2", []() -> I801B2 * { return new I801C(); });
     m.def("i801d_b1", []() -> I801B1 * { return new I801D(); });
     m.def("i801d_b2", []() -> I801B2 * { return new I801D(); });

     // Return a base class pointer to a pybind-registered type when the actual derived type
     // isn't pybind-registered (and uses multiple-inheritance to offset the pybind base)
     m.def("i801e_c", []() -> I801C * { return new I801E(); });
     m.def("i801e_b2", []() -> I801B2 * { return new I801E(); });

     // test_mi_static_properties
     py::class_<Vanilla>(m, "Vanilla").def(py::init<>()).def("vanilla", &Vanilla::vanilla);

     py::class_<WithStatic1>(m, "WithStatic1")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def_static("static_func1", &WithStatic1::static_func1)
         .def_readwrite_static("static_value1", &WithStatic1::static_value1);

     py::class_<WithStatic2>(m, "WithStatic2")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def_static("static_func2", &WithStatic2::static_func2)
         .def_readwrite_static("static_value2", &WithStatic2::static_value2);

     py::class_<VanillaStaticMix1, Vanilla, WithStatic1, WithStatic2>(m, "VanillaStaticMix1")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def_static("static_func", &VanillaStaticMix1::static_func)
         .def_readwrite_static("static_value", &VanillaStaticMix1::static_value);

     py::class_<VanillaStaticMix2, WithStatic1, Vanilla, WithStatic2>(m, "VanillaStaticMix2")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def_static("static_func", &VanillaStaticMix2::static_func)
         .def_readwrite_static("static_value", &VanillaStaticMix2::static_value);

     struct WithDict {};
     struct VanillaDictMix1 : Vanilla, WithDict {};
     struct VanillaDictMix2 : WithDict, Vanilla {};
     py::class_<WithDict>(m, "WithDict", py::dynamic_attr()).def(py::init<>());
     py::class_<VanillaDictMix1, Vanilla, WithDict>(m, "VanillaDictMix1").def(py::init<>());
     py::class_<VanillaDictMix2, WithDict, Vanilla>(m, "VanillaDictMix2").def(py::init<>());

     // test_diamond_inheritance
     // Issue #959: segfault when constructing diamond inheritance instance
     // All of these have int members so that there will be various unequal pointers involved.
     struct B {
         int b;
         B() = default;
         B(const B &) = default;
         virtual ~B() = default;
     };
     struct C0 : public virtual B {
         int c0;
     };
     struct C1 : public virtual B {
         int c1;
     };
     struct D : public C0, public C1 {
         int d;
     };
     py::class_<B>(m, "B").def("b", [](B *self) { return self; });
     py::class_<C0, B>(m, "C0").def("c0", [](C0 *self) { return self; });
     py::class_<C1, B>(m, "C1").def("c1", [](C1 *self) { return self; });
     py::class_<D, C0, C1>(m, "D").def(py::init<>());

     // test_pr3635_diamond_*
     // - functions are get_{base}_{var}, return {var}
     struct MVB {
         MVB() = default;
         MVB(const MVB &) = default;
         virtual ~MVB() = default;

         int b = 1;
         int get_b_b() const { return b; }
     };
     struct MVC : virtual MVB {
         int c = 2;
         int get_c_b() const { return b; }
         int get_c_c() const { return c; }
     };
     struct MVD0 : virtual MVC {
         int d0 = 3;
         int get_d0_b() const { return b; }
         int get_d0_c() const { return c; }
         int get_d0_d0() const { return d0; }
     };
     struct MVD1 : virtual MVC {
         int d1 = 4;
         int get_d1_b() const { return b; }
         int get_d1_c() const { return c; }
         int get_d1_d1() const { return d1; }
     };
     struct MVE : virtual MVD0, virtual MVD1 {
         int e = 5;
         int get_e_b() const { return b; }
         int get_e_c() const { return c; }
         int get_e_d0() const { return d0; }
         int get_e_d1() const { return d1; }
         int get_e_e() const { return e; }
     };
     struct MVF : virtual MVE {
         int f = 6;
         int get_f_b() const { return b; }
         int get_f_c() const { return c; }
         int get_f_d0() const { return d0; }
         int get_f_d1() const { return d1; }
         int get_f_e() const { return e; }
         int get_f_f() const { return f; }
     };
     py::class_<MVB>(m, "MVB")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("get_b_b", &MVB::get_b_b)
         .def_readwrite("b", &MVB::b);
     py::class_<MVC, MVB>(m, "MVC")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("get_c_b", &MVC::get_c_b)
         .def("get_c_c", &MVC::get_c_c)
         .def_readwrite("c", &MVC::c);
     py::class_<MVD0, MVC>(m, "MVD0")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("get_d0_b", &MVD0::get_d0_b)
         .def("get_d0_c", &MVD0::get_d0_c)
         .def("get_d0_d0", &MVD0::get_d0_d0)
         .def_readwrite("d0", &MVD0::d0);
     py::class_<MVD1, MVC>(m, "MVD1")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("get_d1_b", &MVD1::get_d1_b)
         .def("get_d1_c", &MVD1::get_d1_c)
         .def("get_d1_d1", &MVD1::get_d1_d1)
         .def_readwrite("d1", &MVD1::d1);
     py::class_<MVE, MVD0, MVD1>(m, "MVE")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("get_e_b", &MVE::get_e_b)
         .def("get_e_c", &MVE::get_e_c)
         .def("get_e_d0", &MVE::get_e_d0)
         .def("get_e_d1", &MVE::get_e_d1)
         .def("get_e_e", &MVE::get_e_e)
         .def_readwrite("e", &MVE::e);
     py::class_<MVF, MVE>(m, "MVF")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("get_f_b", &MVF::get_f_b)
         .def("get_f_c", &MVF::get_f_c)
         .def("get_f_d0", &MVF::get_f_d0)
         .def("get_f_d1", &MVF::get_f_d1)
         .def("get_f_e", &MVF::get_f_e)
         .def("get_f_f", &MVF::get_f_f)
         .def_readwrite("f", &MVF::f);
 }
	/*
	tests/test_multiple_inheritance.cpp -- multiple inheritance,
	implicit MI casts

	Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <[email protected]>

	All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
	BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
	*/

	#include "constructor_stats.h"
	#include "pybind11_tests.h"

	namespace {

	// Many bases for testing that multiple inheritance from many classes (i.e. requiring extra
	// space for holder constructed flags) works.
	template <int N>
	struct BaseN {
	explicit BaseN(int i) : i(i) {}
	int i;
	};

	// test_mi_static_properties
	struct Vanilla {
	std::string vanilla() { return "Vanilla"; };
	};
	struct WithStatic1 {
	static std::string static_func1() { return "WithStatic1"; };
	static int static_value1;
	};
	struct WithStatic2 {
	static std::string static_func2() { return "WithStatic2"; };
	static int static_value2;
	};
	struct VanillaStaticMix1 : Vanilla, WithStatic1, WithStatic2 {
	static std::string static_func() { return "VanillaStaticMix1"; }
	static int static_value;
	};
	struct VanillaStaticMix2 : WithStatic1, Vanilla, WithStatic2 {
	static std::string static_func() { return "VanillaStaticMix2"; }
	static int static_value;
	};
	int WithStatic1::static_value1 = 1;
	int WithStatic2::static_value2 = 2;
	int VanillaStaticMix1::static_value = 12;
	int VanillaStaticMix2::static_value = 12;

	// test_multiple_inheritance_virtbase
	struct Base1a {
	explicit Base1a(int i) : i(i) {}
	int foo() const { return i; }
	int i;
	};
	struct Base2a {
	explicit Base2a(int i) : i(i) {}
	int bar() const { return i; }
	int i;
	};
	struct Base12a : Base1a, Base2a {
	Base12a(int i, int j) : Base1a(i), Base2a(j) {}
	};

	// test_mi_unaligned_base
	// test_mi_base_return
	struct I801B1 {
	int a = 1;
	I801B1() = default;
	I801B1(const I801B1 &) = default;
	virtual ~I801B1() = default;
	};
	struct I801B2 {
	int b = 2;
	I801B2() = default;
	I801B2(const I801B2 &) = default;
	virtual ~I801B2() = default;
	};
	struct I801C : I801B1, I801B2 {};
	struct I801D : I801C {}; // Indirect MI

	} // namespace

	TEST_SUBMODULE(multiple_inheritance, m) {
	// Please do not interleave `struct` and `class` definitions with bindings code,
	// but implement `struct`s and `class`es in the anonymous namespace above.
	// This helps keeping the smart_holder branch in sync with master.

	// test_multiple_inheritance_mix1
	// test_multiple_inheritance_mix2
	struct Base1 {
	explicit Base1(int i) : i(i) {}
	int foo() const { return i; }
	int i;
	};
	py::class_<Base1> b1(m, "Base1");
	b1.def(py::init<int>()).def("foo", &Base1::foo);

	struct Base2 {
	explicit Base2(int i) : i(i) {}
	int bar() const { return i; }
	int i;
	};
	py::class_<Base2> b2(m, "Base2");
	b2.def(py::init<int>()).def("bar", &Base2::bar);

	// test_multiple_inheritance_cpp
	struct Base12 : Base1, Base2 {
	Base12(int i, int j) : Base1(i), Base2(j) {}
	};
	struct MIType : Base12 {
	MIType(int i, int j) : Base12(i, j) {}
	};
	py::class_<Base12, Base1, Base2>(m, "Base12");
	py::class_<MIType, Base12>(m, "MIType").def(py::init<int, int>());

	// test_multiple_inheritance_python_many_bases
	#define PYBIND11_BASEN(N) \
	py::class_<BaseN<(N)>>(m, "BaseN" #N).def(py::init<int>()).def("f" #N, [](BaseN<N> &b) { \
	return b.i + (N); \
	})
	PYBIND11_BASEN(1);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(2);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(3);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(4);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(5);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(6);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(7);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(8);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(9);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(10);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(11);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(12);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(13);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(14);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(15);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(16);
	PYBIND11_BASEN(17);

	// Uncommenting this should result in a compile time failure (MI can only be specified via
	// template parameters because pybind has to know the types involved; see discussion in #742
	// for details).
	// struct Base12v2 : Base1, Base2 {
	// Base12v2(int i, int j) : Base1(i), Base2(j) { }
	// };
	// py::class_<Base12v2>(m, "Base12v2", b1, b2)
	// .def(py::init<int, int>());

	// test_multiple_inheritance_virtbase
	// Test the case where not all base classes are specified, and where pybind11 requires the
	// py::multiple_inheritance flag to perform proper casting between types.
	py::class_<Base1a, std::shared_ptr<Base1a>>(m, "Base1a")
	.def(py::init<int>())
	.def("foo", &Base1a::foo);

	py::class_<Base2a, std::shared_ptr<Base2a>>(m, "Base2a")
	.def(py::init<int>())
	.def("bar", &Base2a::bar);

	py::class_<Base12a, /* Base1 missing */ Base2a, std::shared_ptr<Base12a>>(
	m, "Base12a", py::multiple_inheritance())
	.def(py::init<int, int>());

	m.def("bar_base2a", [](Base2a *b) { return b->bar(); });
	m.def("bar_base2a_sharedptr", [](const std::shared_ptr<Base2a> &b) { return b->bar(); });

	// test_mi_unaligned_base
	// test_mi_base_return
	// Issue #801: invalid casting to derived type with MI bases
	// Unregistered classes:
	struct I801B3 {
	int c = 3;
	virtual ~I801B3() = default;
	};
	struct I801E : I801B3, I801D {};

	py::class_<I801B1, std::shared_ptr<I801B1>>(m, "I801B1")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def_readonly("a", &I801B1::a);
	py::class_<I801B2, std::shared_ptr<I801B2>>(m, "I801B2")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def_readonly("b", &I801B2::b);
	py::class_<I801C, I801B1, I801B2, std::shared_ptr<I801C>>(m, "I801C").def(py::init<>());
	py::class_<I801D, I801C, std::shared_ptr<I801D>>(m, "I801D").def(py::init<>());

	// Two separate issues here: first, we want to recognize a pointer to a base type as being a
	// known instance even when the pointer value is unequal (i.e. due to a non-first
	// multiple-inheritance base class):
	m.def("i801b1_c", [](I801C c) { return static_cast<I801B1 >(c); });
	m.def("i801b2_c", [](I801C c) { return static_cast<I801B2 >(c); });
	m.def("i801b1_d", [](I801D d) { return static_cast<I801B1 >(d); });
	m.def("i801b2_d", [](I801D d) { return static_cast<I801B2 >(d); });

	// Second, when returned a base class pointer to a derived instance, we cannot assume that the
	// pointer is `reinterpret_cast`able to the derived pointer because, like above, the base class
	// pointer could be offset.
	m.def("i801c_b1", []() -> I801B1 * { return new I801C(); });
	m.def("i801c_b2", []() -> I801B2 * { return new I801C(); });
	m.def("i801d_b1", []() -> I801B1 * { return new I801D(); });
	m.def("i801d_b2", []() -> I801B2 * { return new I801D(); });

	// Return a base class pointer to a pybind-registered type when the actual derived type
	// isn't pybind-registered (and uses multiple-inheritance to offset the pybind base)
	m.def("i801e_c", []() -> I801C * { return new I801E(); });
	m.def("i801e_b2", []() -> I801B2 * { return new I801E(); });

	// test_mi_static_properties
	py::class_<Vanilla>(m, "Vanilla").def(py::init<>()).def("vanilla", &Vanilla::vanilla);

	py::class_<WithStatic1>(m, "WithStatic1")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def_static("static_func1", &WithStatic1::static_func1)
	.def_readwrite_static("static_value1", &WithStatic1::static_value1);

	py::class_<WithStatic2>(m, "WithStatic2")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def_static("static_func2", &WithStatic2::static_func2)
	.def_readwrite_static("static_value2", &WithStatic2::static_value2);

	py::class_<VanillaStaticMix1, Vanilla, WithStatic1, WithStatic2>(m, "VanillaStaticMix1")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def_static("static_func", &VanillaStaticMix1::static_func)
	.def_readwrite_static("static_value", &VanillaStaticMix1::static_value);

	py::class_<VanillaStaticMix2, WithStatic1, Vanilla, WithStatic2>(m, "VanillaStaticMix2")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def_static("static_func", &VanillaStaticMix2::static_func)
	.def_readwrite_static("static_value", &VanillaStaticMix2::static_value);

	struct WithDict {};
	struct VanillaDictMix1 : Vanilla, WithDict {};
	struct VanillaDictMix2 : WithDict, Vanilla {};
	py::class_<WithDict>(m, "WithDict", py::dynamic_attr()).def(py::init<>());
	py::class_<VanillaDictMix1, Vanilla, WithDict>(m, "VanillaDictMix1").def(py::init<>());
	py::class_<VanillaDictMix2, WithDict, Vanilla>(m, "VanillaDictMix2").def(py::init<>());

	// test_diamond_inheritance
	// Issue #959: segfault when constructing diamond inheritance instance
	// All of these have int members so that there will be various unequal pointers involved.
	struct B {
	int b;
	B() = default;
	B(const B &) = default;
	virtual ~B() = default;
	};
	struct C0 : public virtual B {
	int c0;
	};
	struct C1 : public virtual B {
	int c1;
	};
	struct D : public C0, public C1 {
	int d;
	};
	py::class_<B>(m, "B").def("b", [](B *self) { return self; });
	py::class_<C0, B>(m, "C0").def("c0", [](C0 *self) { return self; });
	py::class_<C1, B>(m, "C1").def("c1", [](C1 *self) { return self; });
	py::class_<D, C0, C1>(m, "D").def(py::init<>());

	// test_pr3635_diamond_*
	// - functions are get_{base}_{var}, return {var}
	struct MVB {
	MVB() = default;
	MVB(const MVB &) = default;
	virtual ~MVB() = default;

	int b = 1;
	int get_b_b() const { return b; }
	};
	struct MVC : virtual MVB {
	int c = 2;
	int get_c_b() const { return b; }
	int get_c_c() const { return c; }
	};
	struct MVD0 : virtual MVC {
	int d0 = 3;
	int get_d0_b() const { return b; }
	int get_d0_c() const { return c; }
	int get_d0_d0() const { return d0; }
	};
	struct MVD1 : virtual MVC {
	int d1 = 4;
	int get_d1_b() const { return b; }
	int get_d1_c() const { return c; }
	int get_d1_d1() const { return d1; }
	};
	struct MVE : virtual MVD0, virtual MVD1 {
	int e = 5;
	int get_e_b() const { return b; }
	int get_e_c() const { return c; }
	int get_e_d0() const { return d0; }
	int get_e_d1() const { return d1; }
	int get_e_e() const { return e; }
	};
	struct MVF : virtual MVE {
	int f = 6;
	int get_f_b() const { return b; }
	int get_f_c() const { return c; }
	int get_f_d0() const { return d0; }
	int get_f_d1() const { return d1; }
	int get_f_e() const { return e; }
	int get_f_f() const { return f; }
	};
	py::class_<MVB>(m, "MVB")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def("get_b_b", &MVB::get_b_b)
	.def_readwrite("b", &MVB::b);
	py::class_<MVC, MVB>(m, "MVC")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def("get_c_b", &MVC::get_c_b)
	.def("get_c_c", &MVC::get_c_c)
	.def_readwrite("c", &MVC::c);
	py::class_<MVD0, MVC>(m, "MVD0")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def("get_d0_b", &MVD0::get_d0_b)
	.def("get_d0_c", &MVD0::get_d0_c)
	.def("get_d0_d0", &MVD0::get_d0_d0)
	.def_readwrite("d0", &MVD0::d0);
	py::class_<MVD1, MVC>(m, "MVD1")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def("get_d1_b", &MVD1::get_d1_b)
	.def("get_d1_c", &MVD1::get_d1_c)
	.def("get_d1_d1", &MVD1::get_d1_d1)
	.def_readwrite("d1", &MVD1::d1);
	py::class_<MVE, MVD0, MVD1>(m, "MVE")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def("get_e_b", &MVE::get_e_b)
	.def("get_e_c", &MVE::get_e_c)
	.def("get_e_d0", &MVE::get_e_d0)
	.def("get_e_d1", &MVE::get_e_d1)
	.def("get_e_e", &MVE::get_e_e)
	.def_readwrite("e", &MVE::e);
	py::class_<MVF, MVE>(m, "MVF")
	.def(py::init<>())
	.def("get_f_b", &MVF::get_f_b)
	.def("get_f_c", &MVF::get_f_c)
	.def("get_f_d0", &MVF::get_f_d0)
	.def("get_f_d1", &MVF::get_f_d1)
	.def("get_f_e", &MVF::get_f_e)
	.def("get_f_f", &MVF::get_f_f)
	.def_readwrite("f", &MVF::f);
	}