src/protocol/mod.rs

//! Generic WebSocket message stream.

pub mod frame;

mod message;

pub use self::{frame::CloseFrame, message::Message};

use self::{
    frame::{
        coding::{CloseCode, Control as OpCtl, Data as OpData, OpCode},
        Frame, FrameCodec,
    },
    message::{IncompleteMessage, IncompleteMessageType},
};
use crate::error::{Error, ProtocolError, Result};
use log::*;
use std::{
    io::{self, Read, Write},
    mem::replace,
};

/// Indicates a Client or Server role of the websocket
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum Role {
    /// This socket is a server
    Server,
    /// This socket is a client
    Client,
}

/// The configuration for WebSocket connection.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct WebSocketConfig {
    /// Does nothing, instead use `max_write_buffer_size`.
    #[deprecated]
    pub max_send_queue: Option<usize>,
    /// The target minimum size of the write buffer to reach before writing the data
    /// to the underlying stream.
    /// The default value is 128 KiB.
    ///
    /// If set to `0` each message will be eagerly written to the underlying stream.
    /// It is often more optimal to allow them to buffer a little, hence the default value.
    ///
    /// Note: [`flush`](WebSocket::flush) will always fully write the buffer regardless.
    pub write_buffer_size: usize,
    /// The max size of the write buffer in bytes. Setting this can provide backpressure
    /// in the case the write buffer is filling up due to write errors.
    /// The default value is unlimited.
    ///
    /// Note: The write buffer only builds up past [`write_buffer_size`](Self::write_buffer_size)
    /// when writes to the underlying stream are failing. So the **write buffer can not
    /// fill up if you are not observing write errors even if not flushing**.
    ///
    /// Note: Should always be at least [`write_buffer_size + 1 message`](Self::write_buffer_size)
    /// and probably a little more depending on error handling strategy.
    pub max_write_buffer_size: usize,
    /// The maximum size of an incoming message. `None` means no size limit. The default value is 64 MiB
    /// which should be reasonably big for all normal use-cases but small enough to prevent
    /// memory eating by a malicious user.
    pub max_message_size: Option<usize>,
    /// The maximum size of a single incoming message frame. `None` means no size limit. The limit is for
    /// frame payload NOT including the frame header. The default value is 16 MiB which should
    /// be reasonably big for all normal use-cases but small enough to prevent memory eating
    /// by a malicious user.
    pub max_frame_size: Option<usize>,
    /// When set to `true`, the server will accept and handle unmasked frames
    /// from the client. According to the RFC 6455, the server must close the
    /// connection to the client in such cases, however it seems like there are
    /// some popular libraries that are sending unmasked frames, ignoring the RFC.
    /// By default this option is set to `false`, i.e. according to RFC 6455.
    pub accept_unmasked_frames: bool,
}

impl Default for WebSocketConfig {
    fn default() -> Self {
        #[allow(deprecated)]
        WebSocketConfig {
            max_send_queue: None,
            write_buffer_size: 128 * 1024,
            max_write_buffer_size: usize::MAX,
            max_message_size: Some(64 << 20),
            max_frame_size: Some(16 << 20),
            accept_unmasked_frames: false,
        }
    }
}

impl WebSocketConfig {
    /// Panic if values are invalid.
    pub(crate) fn assert_valid(&self) {
        assert!(
            self.max_write_buffer_size > self.write_buffer_size,
            "WebSocketConfig::max_write_buffer_size must be greater than write_buffer_size, \
            see WebSocketConfig docs`"
        );
    }
}

/// WebSocket input-output stream.
///
/// This is THE structure you want to create to be able to speak the WebSocket protocol.
/// It may be created by calling `connect`, `accept` or `client` functions.
///
/// Use [`WebSocket::read`], [`WebSocket::send`] to received and send messages.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct WebSocket<Stream> {
    /// The underlying socket.
    socket: Stream,
    /// The context for managing a WebSocket.
    context: WebSocketContext,
}

impl<Stream> WebSocket<Stream> {
    /// Convert a raw socket into a WebSocket without performing a handshake.
    ///
    /// Call this function if you're using Tungstenite as a part of a web framework
    /// or together with an existing one. If you need an initial handshake, use
    /// `connect()` or `accept()` functions of the crate to construct a websocket.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// Panics if config is invalid e.g. `max_write_buffer_size <= write_buffer_size`.
    pub fn from_raw_socket(stream: Stream, role: Role, config: Option<WebSocketConfig>) -> Self {
        WebSocket { socket: stream, context: WebSocketContext::new(role, config) }
    }

    /// Convert a raw socket into a WebSocket without performing a handshake.
    ///
    /// Call this function if you're using Tungstenite as a part of a web framework
    /// or together with an existing one. If you need an initial handshake, use
    /// `connect()` or `accept()` functions of the crate to construct a websocket.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// Panics if config is invalid e.g. `max_write_buffer_size <= write_buffer_size`.
    pub fn from_partially_read(
        stream: Stream,
        part: Vec<u8>,
        role: Role,
        config: Option<WebSocketConfig>,
    ) -> Self {
        WebSocket {
            socket: stream,
            context: WebSocketContext::from_partially_read(part, role, config),
        }
    }

    /// Returns a shared reference to the inner stream.
    pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &Stream {
        &self.socket
    }
    /// Returns a mutable reference to the inner stream.
    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Stream {
        &mut self.socket
    }

    /// Change the configuration.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// Panics if config is invalid e.g. `max_write_buffer_size <= write_buffer_size`.
    pub fn set_config(&mut self, set_func: impl FnOnce(&mut WebSocketConfig)) {
        self.context.set_config(set_func)
    }

    /// Read the configuration.
    pub fn get_config(&self) -> &WebSocketConfig {
        self.context.get_config()
    }

    /// Check if it is possible to read messages.
    ///
    /// Reading is impossible after receiving `Message::Close`. It is still possible after
    /// sending close frame since the peer still may send some data before confirming close.
    pub fn can_read(&self) -> bool {
        self.context.can_read()
    }

    /// Check if it is possible to write messages.
    ///
    /// Writing gets impossible immediately after sending or receiving `Message::Close`.
    pub fn can_write(&self) -> bool {
        self.context.can_write()
    }
}

impl<Stream: Read + Write> WebSocket<Stream> {
    /// Read a message from stream, if possible.
    ///
    /// This will also queue responses to ping and close messages. These responses
    /// will be written and flushed on the next call to [`read`](Self::read),
    /// [`write`](Self::write) or [`flush`](Self::flush).
    ///
    /// # Closing the connection
    /// When the remote endpoint decides to close the connection this will return
    /// the close message with an optional close frame.
    ///
    /// You should continue calling [`read`](Self::read), [`write`](Self::write) or
    /// [`flush`](Self::flush) to drive the reply to the close frame until [`Error::ConnectionClosed`]
    /// is returned. Once that happens it is safe to drop the underlying connection.
    pub fn read(&mut self) -> Result<Message> {
        self.context.read(&mut self.socket)
    }

    /// Writes and immediately flushes a message.
    /// Equivalent to calling [`write`](Self::write) then [`flush`](Self::flush).
    pub fn send(&mut self, message: Message) -> Result<()> {
        self.write(message)?;
        self.flush()
    }

    /// Write a message to the provided stream, if possible.
    ///
    /// A subsequent call should be made to [`flush`](Self::flush) to flush writes.
    ///
    /// In the event of stream write failure the message frame will be stored
    /// in the write buffer and will try again on the next call to [`write`](Self::write)
    /// or [`flush`](Self::flush).
    ///
    /// If the write buffer would exceed the configured [`WebSocketConfig::max_write_buffer_size`]
    /// [`Err(WriteBufferFull(msg_frame))`](Error::WriteBufferFull) is returned.
    ///
    /// This call will generally not flush. However, if there are queued automatic messages
    /// they will be written and eagerly flushed.
    ///
    /// For example, upon receiving ping messages tungstenite queues pong replies automatically.
    /// The next call to [`read`](Self::read), [`write`](Self::write) or [`flush`](Self::flush)
    /// will write & flush the pong reply. This means you should not respond to ping frames manually.
    ///
    /// You can however send pong frames manually in order to indicate a unidirectional heartbeat
    /// as described in [RFC 6455](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-5.5.3). Note that
    /// if [`read`](Self::read) returns a ping, you should [`flush`](Self::flush) before passing
    /// a custom pong to [`write`](Self::write), otherwise the automatic queued response to the
    /// ping will not be sent as it will be replaced by your custom pong message.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// - If the WebSocket's write buffer is full, [`Error::WriteBufferFull`] will be returned
    ///   along with the equivalent passed message frame.
    /// - If the connection is closed and should be dropped, this will return [`Error::ConnectionClosed`].
    /// - If you try again after [`Error::ConnectionClosed`] was returned either from here or from
    ///   [`read`](Self::read), [`Error::AlreadyClosed`] will be returned. This indicates a program
    ///   error on your part.
    /// - [`Error::Io`] is returned if the underlying connection returns an error
    ///   (consider these fatal except for WouldBlock).
    /// - [`Error::Capacity`] if your message size is bigger than the configured max message size.
    pub fn write(&mut self, message: Message) -> Result<()> {
        self.context.write(&mut self.socket, message)
    }

    /// Flush writes.
    ///
    /// Ensures all messages previously passed to [`write`](Self::write) and automatic
    /// queued pong responses are written & flushed into the underlying stream.
    pub fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        self.context.flush(&mut self.socket)
    }

    /// Close the connection.
    ///
    /// This function guarantees that the close frame will be queued.
    /// There is no need to call it again. Calling this function is
    /// the same as calling `write(Message::Close(..))`.
    ///
    /// After queuing the close frame you should continue calling [`read`](Self::read) or
    /// [`flush`](Self::flush) to drive the close handshake to completion.
    ///
    /// The websocket RFC defines that the underlying connection should be closed
    /// by the server. Tungstenite takes care of this asymmetry for you.
    ///
    /// When the close handshake is finished (we have both sent and received
    /// a close message), [`read`](Self::read) or [`flush`](Self::flush) will return
    /// [Error::ConnectionClosed] if this endpoint is the server.
    ///
    /// If this endpoint is a client, [Error::ConnectionClosed] will only be
    /// returned after the server has closed the underlying connection.
    ///
    /// It is thus safe to drop the underlying connection as soon as [Error::ConnectionClosed]
    /// is returned from [`read`](Self::read) or [`flush`](Self::flush).
    pub fn close(&mut self, code: Option<CloseFrame>) -> Result<()> {
        self.context.close(&mut self.socket, code)
    }

    /// Old name for [`read`](Self::read).
    #[deprecated(note = "Use `read`")]
    pub fn read_message(&mut self) -> Result<Message> {
        self.read()
    }

    /// Old name for [`send`](Self::send).
    #[deprecated(note = "Use `send`")]
    pub fn write_message(&mut self, message: Message) -> Result<()> {
        self.send(message)
    }

    /// Old name for [`flush`](Self::flush).
    #[deprecated(note = "Use `flush`")]
    pub fn write_pending(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        self.flush()
    }
}

/// A context for managing WebSocket stream.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct WebSocketContext {
    /// Server or client?
    role: Role,
    /// encoder/decoder of frame.
    frame: FrameCodec,
    /// The state of processing, either "active" or "closing".
    state: WebSocketState,
    /// Receive: an incomplete message being processed.
    incomplete: Option<IncompleteMessage>,
    /// Send in addition to regular messages E.g. "pong" or "close".
    additional_send: Option<Frame>,
    /// True indicates there is an additional message (like a pong)
    /// that failed to flush previously and we should try again.
    unflushed_additional: bool,
    /// The configuration for the websocket session.
    config: WebSocketConfig,
}

impl WebSocketContext {
    /// Create a WebSocket context that manages a post-handshake stream.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// Panics if config is invalid e.g. `max_write_buffer_size <= write_buffer_size`.
    pub fn new(role: Role, config: Option<WebSocketConfig>) -> Self {
        Self::_new(role, FrameCodec::new(), config.unwrap_or_default())
    }

    /// Create a WebSocket context that manages an post-handshake stream.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// Panics if config is invalid e.g. `max_write_buffer_size <= write_buffer_size`.
    pub fn from_partially_read(part: Vec<u8>, role: Role, config: Option<WebSocketConfig>) -> Self {
        Self::_new(role, FrameCodec::from_partially_read(part), config.unwrap_or_default())
    }

    fn _new(role: Role, mut frame: FrameCodec, config: WebSocketConfig) -> Self {
        config.assert_valid();
        frame.set_max_out_buffer_len(config.max_write_buffer_size);
        frame.set_out_buffer_write_len(config.write_buffer_size);
        Self {
            role,
            frame,
            state: WebSocketState::Active,
            incomplete: None,
            additional_send: None,
            unflushed_additional: false,
            config,
        }
    }

    /// Change the configuration.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// Panics if config is invalid e.g. `max_write_buffer_size <= write_buffer_size`.
    pub fn set_config(&mut self, set_func: impl FnOnce(&mut WebSocketConfig)) {
        set_func(&mut self.config);
        self.config.assert_valid();
        self.frame.set_max_out_buffer_len(self.config.max_write_buffer_size);
        self.frame.set_out_buffer_write_len(self.config.write_buffer_size);
    }

    /// Read the configuration.
    pub fn get_config(&self) -> &WebSocketConfig {
        &self.config
    }

    /// Check if it is possible to read messages.
    ///
    /// Reading is impossible after receiving `Message::Close`. It is still possible after
    /// sending close frame since the peer still may send some data before confirming close.
    pub fn can_read(&self) -> bool {
        self.state.can_read()
    }

    /// Check if it is possible to write messages.
    ///
    /// Writing gets impossible immediately after sending or receiving `Message::Close`.
    pub fn can_write(&self) -> bool {
        self.state.is_active()
    }

    /// Read a message from the provided stream, if possible.
    ///
    /// This function sends pong and close responses automatically.
    /// However, it never blocks on write.
    pub fn read<Stream>(&mut self, stream: &mut Stream) -> Result<Message>
    where
        Stream: Read + Write,
    {
        // Do not read from already closed connections.
        self.state.check_not_terminated()?;

        loop {
            if self.additional_send.is_some() || self.unflushed_additional {
                // Since we may get ping or close, we need to reply to the messages even during read.
                match self.flush(stream) {
                    Ok(_) => {}
                    Err(Error::Io(err)) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => {
                        // If blocked continue reading, but try again later
                        self.unflushed_additional = true;
                    }
                    Err(err) => return Err(err),
                }
            } else if self.role == Role::Server && !self.state.can_read() {
                self.state = WebSocketState::Terminated;
                return Err(Error::ConnectionClosed);
            }

            // If we get here, either write blocks or we have nothing to write.
            // Thus if read blocks, just let it return WouldBlock.
            if let Some(message) = self.read_message_frame(stream)? {
                trace!("Received message {}", message);
                return Ok(message);
            }
        }
    }

    /// Write a message to the provided stream.
    ///
    /// A subsequent call should be made to [`flush`](Self::flush) to flush writes.
    ///
    /// In the event of stream write failure the message frame will be stored
    /// in the write buffer and will try again on the next call to [`write`](Self::write)
    /// or [`flush`](Self::flush).
    ///
    /// If the write buffer would exceed the configured [`WebSocketConfig::max_write_buffer_size`]
    /// [`Err(WriteBufferFull(msg_frame))`](Error::WriteBufferFull) is returned.
    pub fn write<Stream>(&mut self, stream: &mut Stream, message: Message) -> Result<()>
    where
        Stream: Read + Write,
    {
        // When terminated, return AlreadyClosed.
        self.state.check_not_terminated()?;

        // Do not write after sending a close frame.
        if !self.state.is_active() {
            return Err(Error::Protocol(ProtocolError::SendAfterClosing));
        }

        let frame = match message {
            Message::Text(data) => Frame::message(data.into(), OpCode::Data(OpData::Text), true),
            Message::Binary(data) => Frame::message(data, OpCode::Data(OpData::Binary), true),
            Message::Ping(data) => Frame::ping(data),
            Message::Pong(data) => {
                self.set_additional(Frame::pong(data));
                // Note: user pongs can be user flushed so no need to flush here
                return self._write(stream, None).map(|_| ());
            }
            Message::Close(code) => return self.close(stream, code),
            Message::Frame(f) => f,
        };

        let should_flush = self._write(stream, Some(frame))?;
        if should_flush {
            self.flush(stream)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Flush writes.
    ///
    /// Ensures all messages previously passed to [`write`](Self::write) and automatically
    /// queued pong responses are written & flushed into the `stream`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn flush<Stream>(&mut self, stream: &mut Stream) -> Result<()>
    where
        Stream: Read + Write,
    {
        self._write(stream, None)?;
        self.frame.write_out_buffer(stream)?;
        stream.flush()?;
        self.unflushed_additional = false;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Writes any data in the out_buffer, `additional_send` and given `data`.
    ///
    /// Does **not** flush.
    ///
    /// Returns true if the write contents indicate we should flush immediately.
    fn _write<Stream>(&mut self, stream: &mut Stream, data: Option<Frame>) -> Result<bool>
    where
        Stream: Read + Write,
    {
        if let Some(data) = data {
            self.buffer_frame(stream, data)?;
        }

        // Upon receipt of a Ping frame, an endpoint MUST send a Pong frame in
        // response, unless it already received a Close frame. It SHOULD
        // respond with Pong frame as soon as is practical. (RFC 6455)
        let should_flush = if let Some(msg) = self.additional_send.take() {
            trace!("Sending pong/close");
            match self.buffer_frame(stream, msg) {
                Err(Error::WriteBufferFull(Message::Frame(msg))) => {
                    // if an system message would exceed the buffer put it back in
                    // `additional_send` for retry. Otherwise returning this error
                    // may not make sense to the user, e.g. calling `flush`.
                    self.set_additional(msg);
                    false
                }
                Err(err) => return Err(err),
                Ok(_) => true,
            }
        } else {
            self.unflushed_additional
        };

        // If we're closing and there is nothing to send anymore, we should close the connection.
        if self.role == Role::Server && !self.state.can_read() {
            // The underlying TCP connection, in most normal cases, SHOULD be closed
            // first by the server, so that it holds the TIME_WAIT state and not the
            // client (as this would prevent it from re-opening the connection for 2
            // maximum segment lifetimes (2MSL), while there is no corresponding
            // server impact as a TIME_WAIT connection is immediately reopened upon
            // a new SYN with a higher seq number). (RFC 6455)
            self.frame.write_out_buffer(stream)?;
            self.state = WebSocketState::Terminated;
            Err(Error::ConnectionClosed)
        } else {
            Ok(should_flush)
        }
    }

    /// Close the connection.
    ///
    /// This function guarantees that the close frame will be queued.
    /// There is no need to call it again. Calling this function is
    /// the same as calling `send(Message::Close(..))`.
    pub fn close<Stream>(&mut self, stream: &mut Stream, code: Option<CloseFrame>) -> Result<()>
    where
        Stream: Read + Write,
    {
        if let WebSocketState::Active = self.state {
            self.state = WebSocketState::ClosedByUs;
            let frame = Frame::close(code);
            self._write(stream, Some(frame))?;
        }
        self.flush(stream)
    }

    /// Try to decode one message frame. May return None.
    fn read_message_frame<Stream>(&mut self, stream: &mut Stream) -> Result<Option<Message>>
    where
        Stream: Read + Write,
    {
        if let Some(mut frame) = self
            .frame
            .read_frame(stream, self.config.max_frame_size)
            .check_connection_reset(self.state)?
        {
            if !self.state.can_read() {
                return Err(Error::Protocol(ProtocolError::ReceivedAfterClosing));
            }
            // MUST be 0 unless an extension is negotiated that defines meanings
            // for non-zero values.  If a nonzero value is received and none of
            // the negotiated extensions defines the meaning of such a nonzero
            // value, the receiving endpoint MUST _Fail the WebSocket
            // Connection_.
            {
                let hdr = frame.header();
                if hdr.rsv1 || hdr.rsv2 || hdr.rsv3 {
                    return Err(Error::Protocol(ProtocolError::NonZeroReservedBits));
                }
            }

            match self.role {
                Role::Server => {
                    if frame.is_masked() {
                        // A server MUST remove masking for data frames received from a client
                        // as described in Section 5.3. (RFC 6455)
                        frame.apply_mask()
                    } else if !self.config.accept_unmasked_frames {
                        // The server MUST close the connection upon receiving a
                        // frame that is not masked. (RFC 6455)
                        // The only exception here is if the user explicitly accepts given
                        // stream by setting WebSocketConfig.accept_unmasked_frames to true
                        return Err(Error::Protocol(ProtocolError::UnmaskedFrameFromClient));
                    }
                }
                Role::Client => {
                    if frame.is_masked() {
                        // A client MUST close a connection if it detects a masked frame. (RFC 6455)
                        return Err(Error::Protocol(ProtocolError::MaskedFrameFromServer));
                    }
                }
            }

            match frame.header().opcode {
                OpCode::Control(ctl) => {
                    match ctl {
                        // All control frames MUST have a payload length of 125 bytes or less
                        // and MUST NOT be fragmented. (RFC 6455)
                        _ if !frame.header().is_final => {
                            Err(Error::Protocol(ProtocolError::FragmentedControlFrame))
                        }
                        _ if frame.payload().len() > 125 => {
                            Err(Error::Protocol(ProtocolError::ControlFrameTooBig))
                        }
                        OpCtl::Close => Ok(self.do_close(frame.into_close()?).map(Message::Close)),
                        OpCtl::Reserved(i) => {
                            Err(Error::Protocol(ProtocolError::UnknownControlFrameType(i)))
                        }
                        OpCtl::Ping => {
                            let data = frame.into_data();
                            // No ping processing after we sent a close frame.
                            if self.state.is_active() {
                                self.set_additional(Frame::pong(data.clone()));
                            }
                            Ok(Some(Message::Ping(data)))
                        }
                        OpCtl::Pong => Ok(Some(Message::Pong(frame.into_data()))),
                    }
                }

                OpCode::Data(data) => {
                    let fin = frame.header().is_final;
                    match data {
                        OpData::Continue => {
                            if let Some(ref mut msg) = self.incomplete {
                                msg.extend(frame.into_data(), self.config.max_message_size)?;
                            } else {
                                return Err(Error::Protocol(
                                    ProtocolError::UnexpectedContinueFrame,
                                ));
                            }
                            if fin {
                                Ok(Some(self.incomplete.take().unwrap().complete()?))
                            } else {
                                Ok(None)
                            }
                        }
                        c if self.incomplete.is_some() => {
                            Err(Error::Protocol(ProtocolError::ExpectedFragment(c)))
                        }
                        OpData::Text | OpData::Binary => {
                            let msg = {
                                let message_type = match data {
                                    OpData::Text => IncompleteMessageType::Text,
                                    OpData::Binary => IncompleteMessageType::Binary,
                                    _ => panic!("Bug: message is not text nor binary"),
                                };
                                let mut m = IncompleteMessage::new(message_type);
                                m.extend(frame.into_data(), self.config.max_message_size)?;
                                m
                            };
                            if fin {
                                Ok(Some(msg.complete()?))
                            } else {
                                self.incomplete = Some(msg);
                                Ok(None)
                            }
                        }
                        OpData::Reserved(i) => {
                            Err(Error::Protocol(ProtocolError::UnknownDataFrameType(i)))
                        }
                    }
                }
            } // match opcode
        } else {
            // Connection closed by peer
            match replace(&mut self.state, WebSocketState::Terminated) {
                WebSocketState::ClosedByPeer | WebSocketState::CloseAcknowledged => {
                    Err(Error::ConnectionClosed)
                }
                _ => Err(Error::Protocol(ProtocolError::ResetWithoutClosingHandshake)),
            }
        }
    }

    /// Received a close frame. Tells if we need to return a close frame to the user.
    #[allow(clippy::option_option)]
    fn do_close<'t>(&mut self, close: Option<CloseFrame<'t>>) -> Option<Option<CloseFrame<'t>>> {
        debug!("Received close frame: {:?}", close);
        match self.state {
            WebSocketState::Active => {
                self.state = WebSocketState::ClosedByPeer;

                let close = close.map(|frame| {
                    if !frame.code.is_allowed() {
                        CloseFrame {
                            code: CloseCode::Protocol,
                            reason: "Protocol violation".into(),
                        }
                    } else {
                        frame
                    }
                });

                let reply = Frame::close(close.clone());
                debug!("Replying to close with {:?}", reply);
                self.set_additional(reply);

                Some(close)
            }
            WebSocketState::ClosedByPeer | WebSocketState::CloseAcknowledged => {
                // It is already closed, just ignore.
                None
            }
            WebSocketState::ClosedByUs => {
                // We received a reply.
                self.state = WebSocketState::CloseAcknowledged;
                Some(close)
            }
            WebSocketState::Terminated => unreachable!(),
        }
    }

    /// Write a single frame into the write-buffer.
    fn buffer_frame<Stream>(&mut self, stream: &mut Stream, mut frame: Frame) -> Result<()>
    where
        Stream: Read + Write,
    {
        match self.role {
            Role::Server => {}
            Role::Client => {
                // 5.  If the data is being sent by the client, the frame(s) MUST be
                // masked as defined in Section 5.3. (RFC 6455)
                frame.set_random_mask();
            }
        }

        trace!("Sending frame: {:?}", frame);
        self.frame.buffer_frame(stream, frame).check_connection_reset(self.state)
    }

    /// Replace `additional_send` if it is currently a `Pong` message.
    fn set_additional(&mut self, add: Frame) {
        let empty_or_pong = self
            .additional_send
            .as_ref()
            .map_or(true, |f| f.header().opcode == OpCode::Control(OpCtl::Pong));
        if empty_or_pong {
            self.additional_send.replace(add);
        }
    }
}

/// The current connection state.
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
enum WebSocketState {
    /// The connection is active.
    Active,
    /// We initiated a close handshake.
    ClosedByUs,
    /// The peer initiated a close handshake.
    ClosedByPeer,
    /// The peer replied to our close handshake.
    CloseAcknowledged,
    /// The connection does not exist anymore.
    Terminated,
}

impl WebSocketState {
    /// Tell if we're allowed to process normal messages.
    fn is_active(self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, WebSocketState::Active)
    }

    /// Tell if we should process incoming data. Note that if we send a close frame
    /// but the remote hasn't confirmed, they might have sent data before they receive our
    /// close frame, so we should still pass those to client code, hence ClosedByUs is valid.
    fn can_read(self) -> bool {
        matches!(self, WebSocketState::Active | WebSocketState::ClosedByUs)
    }

    /// Check if the state is active, return error if not.
    fn check_not_terminated(self) -> Result<()> {
        match self {
            WebSocketState::Terminated => Err(Error::AlreadyClosed),
            _ => Ok(()),
        }
    }
}

/// Translate "Connection reset by peer" into `ConnectionClosed` if appropriate.
trait CheckConnectionReset {
    fn check_connection_reset(self, state: WebSocketState) -> Self;
}

impl<T> CheckConnectionReset for Result<T> {
    fn check_connection_reset(self, state: WebSocketState) -> Self {
        match self {
            Err(Error::Io(io_error)) => Err({
                if !state.can_read() && io_error.kind() == io::ErrorKind::ConnectionReset {
                    Error::ConnectionClosed
                } else {
                    Error::Io(io_error)
                }
            }),
            x => x,
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{Message, Role, WebSocket, WebSocketConfig};
    use crate::error::{CapacityError, Error};

    use std::{io, io::Cursor};

    struct WriteMoc<Stream>(Stream);

    impl<Stream> io::Write for WriteMoc<Stream> {
        fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
            Ok(buf.len())
        }
        fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    impl<Stream: io::Read> io::Read for WriteMoc<Stream> {
        fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
            self.0.read(buf)
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn receive_messages() {
        let incoming = Cursor::new(vec![
            0x89, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x8a, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x07, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f,
            0x2c, 0x20, 0x80, 0x06, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21, 0x82, 0x03, 0x01, 0x02,
            0x03,
        ]);
        let mut socket = WebSocket::from_raw_socket(WriteMoc(incoming), Role::Client, None);
        assert_eq!(socket.read().unwrap(), Message::Ping(vec![1, 2]));
        assert_eq!(socket.read().unwrap(), Message::Pong(vec![3]));
        assert_eq!(socket.read().unwrap(), Message::Text("Hello, World!".into()));
        assert_eq!(socket.read().unwrap(), Message::Binary(vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03]));
    }

    #[test]
    fn size_limiting_text_fragmented() {
        let incoming = Cursor::new(vec![
            0x01, 0x07, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x80, 0x06, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72,
            0x6c, 0x64, 0x21,
        ]);
        let limit = WebSocketConfig { max_message_size: Some(10), ..WebSocketConfig::default() };
        let mut socket = WebSocket::from_raw_socket(WriteMoc(incoming), Role::Client, Some(limit));

        assert!(matches!(
            socket.read(),
            Err(Error::Capacity(CapacityError::MessageTooLong { size: 13, max_size: 10 }))
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn size_limiting_binary() {
        let incoming = Cursor::new(vec![0x82, 0x03, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03]);
        let limit = WebSocketConfig { max_message_size: Some(2), ..WebSocketConfig::default() };
        let mut socket = WebSocket::from_raw_socket(WriteMoc(incoming), Role::Client, Some(limit));

        assert!(matches!(
            socket.read(),
            Err(Error::Capacity(CapacityError::MessageTooLong { size: 3, max_size: 2 }))
        ));
    }
}