library/std/src/io/util.rs

#![allow(missing_copy_implementations)]

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;

use crate::fmt;
use crate::io::{self, BufRead, ErrorKind, Initializer, IoSlice, IoSliceMut, Read, Write};
use crate::mem::MaybeUninit;

/// Copies the entire contents of a reader into a writer.
///
/// This function will continuously read data from `reader` and then
/// write it into `writer` in a streaming fashion until `reader`
/// returns EOF.
///
/// On success, the total number of bytes that were copied from
/// `reader` to `writer` is returned.
///
/// If you’re wanting to copy the contents of one file to another and you’re
/// working with filesystem paths, see the [`fs::copy`] function.
///
/// [`fs::copy`]: crate::fs::copy
///
/// # Errors
///
/// This function will return an error immediately if any call to [`read`] or
/// [`write`] returns an error. All instances of [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`] are
/// handled by this function and the underlying operation is retried.
///
/// [`read`]: Read::read
/// [`write`]: Write::write
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::io;
///
/// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
///     let mut reader: &[u8] = b"hello";
///     let mut writer: Vec<u8> = vec![];
///
///     io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer)?;
///
///     assert_eq!(&b"hello"[..], &writer[..]);
///     Ok(())
/// }
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn copy<R: ?Sized, W: ?Sized>(reader: &mut R, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<u64>
where
    R: Read,
    W: Write,
{
    let mut buf = MaybeUninit::<[u8; super::DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE]>::uninit();
    // FIXME: #42788
    //
    //   - This creates a (mut) reference to a slice of
    //     _uninitialized_ integers, which is **undefined behavior**
    //
    //   - Only the standard library gets to soundly "ignore" this,
    //     based on its privileged knowledge of unstable rustc
    //     internals;
    unsafe {
        reader.initializer().initialize(buf.assume_init_mut());
    }

    let mut written = 0;
    loop {
        let len = match reader.read(unsafe { buf.assume_init_mut() }) {
            Ok(0) => return Ok(written),
            Ok(len) => len,
            Err(ref e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
            Err(e) => return Err(e),
        };
        writer.write_all(unsafe { &buf.assume_init_ref()[..len] })?;
        written += len as u64;
    }
}

/// A reader which is always at EOF.
///
/// This struct is generally created by calling [`empty()`]. Please see
/// the documentation of [`empty()`] for more details.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub struct Empty {
    _priv: (),
}

/// Constructs a new handle to an empty reader.
///
/// All reads from the returned reader will return [`Ok`]`(0)`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// A slightly sad example of not reading anything into a buffer:
///
/// ```
/// use std::io::{self, Read};
///
/// let mut buffer = String::new();
/// io::empty().read_to_string(&mut buffer).unwrap();
/// assert!(buffer.is_empty());
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn empty() -> Empty {
    Empty { _priv: () }
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl Read for Empty {
    #[inline]
    fn read(&mut self, _buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        Ok(0)
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer {
        Initializer::nop()
    }
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl BufRead for Empty {
    #[inline]
    fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> io::Result<&[u8]> {
        Ok(&[])
    }
    #[inline]
    fn consume(&mut self, _n: usize) {}
}

#[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
impl fmt::Debug for Empty {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.pad("Empty { .. }")
    }
}

/// A reader which yields one byte over and over and over and over and over and...
///
/// This struct is generally created by calling [`repeat()`]. Please
/// see the documentation of [`repeat()`] for more details.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub struct Repeat {
    byte: u8,
}

/// Creates an instance of a reader that infinitely repeats one byte.
///
/// All reads from this reader will succeed by filling the specified buffer with
/// the given byte.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::io::{self, Read};
///
/// let mut buffer = [0; 3];
/// io::repeat(0b101).read_exact(&mut buffer).unwrap();
/// assert_eq!(buffer, [0b101, 0b101, 0b101]);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn repeat(byte: u8) -> Repeat {
    Repeat { byte }
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl Read for Repeat {
    #[inline]
    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        for slot in &mut *buf {
            *slot = self.byte;
        }
        Ok(buf.len())
    }

    #[inline]
    fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        let mut nwritten = 0;
        for buf in bufs {
            nwritten += self.read(buf)?;
        }
        Ok(nwritten)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool {
        true
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn initializer(&self) -> Initializer {
        Initializer::nop()
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
impl fmt::Debug for Repeat {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.pad("Repeat { .. }")
    }
}

/// A writer which will move data into the void.
///
/// This struct is generally created by calling [`sink`]. Please
/// see the documentation of [`sink()`] for more details.
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub struct Sink {
    _priv: (),
}

/// Creates an instance of a writer which will successfully consume all data.
///
/// All calls to [`write`] on the returned instance will return `Ok(buf.len())`
/// and the contents of the buffer will not be inspected.
///
/// [`write`]: Write::write
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::io::{self, Write};
///
/// let buffer = vec![1, 2, 3, 5, 8];
/// let num_bytes = io::sink().write(&buffer).unwrap();
/// assert_eq!(num_bytes, 5);
/// ```
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
pub fn sink() -> Sink {
    Sink { _priv: () }
}

#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl Write for Sink {
    #[inline]
    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        Ok(buf.len())
    }

    #[inline]
    fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        let total_len = bufs.iter().map(|b| b.len()).sum();
        Ok(total_len)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool {
        true
    }

    #[inline]
    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "write_mt", since = "1.48.0")]
impl Write for &Sink {
    #[inline]
    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        Ok(buf.len())
    }

    #[inline]
    fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        let total_len = bufs.iter().map(|b| b.len()).sum();
        Ok(total_len)
    }

    #[inline]
    fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool {
        true
    }

    #[inline]
    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "std_debug", since = "1.16.0")]
impl fmt::Debug for Sink {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.pad("Sink { .. }")
    }
}